Tuberculosis
... = Cell wall composed of complex peptidoglycans and long chain lipids These lipids make MTB hydrophobic thus resistant to many stains routinely used in Laboratory, e.g. Gram & Giemsa stains as well as AA fastness ...
... = Cell wall composed of complex peptidoglycans and long chain lipids These lipids make MTB hydrophobic thus resistant to many stains routinely used in Laboratory, e.g. Gram & Giemsa stains as well as AA fastness ...
RESERVE STATEMENT ON AVIAN FLU
... human cases worldwide have been caused by very close contact with infected domestic poultry exacerbated by unhygienic conditions, i.e. people “living with their poultry” and being directly exposed to their excreta (or blood in case of slaughter). 2. The World Health Organization also states that “th ...
... human cases worldwide have been caused by very close contact with infected domestic poultry exacerbated by unhygienic conditions, i.e. people “living with their poultry” and being directly exposed to their excreta (or blood in case of slaughter). 2. The World Health Organization also states that “th ...
Official communique: Chikungunya virus
... virus, which have similar routes of transmission (mosquitoes and transfusion). The first signs of the disease begin to appear between 3 and 7 days after the mosquito bite. The infection causes high fever, joint and muscle pain, rash, and headache. The disease rarely causes death, but joint pain can ...
... virus, which have similar routes of transmission (mosquitoes and transfusion). The first signs of the disease begin to appear between 3 and 7 days after the mosquito bite. The infection causes high fever, joint and muscle pain, rash, and headache. The disease rarely causes death, but joint pain can ...
A Cutaneous Look at Cur... 3720KB Feb 13 2017 06:30:26 PM
... Treatment options with history of attached tick…. All people People with higher risk due to attachment of tick ...
... Treatment options with history of attached tick…. All people People with higher risk due to attachment of tick ...
14 Paramyxoviruses
... Virus multiplies in nasopharynx, then enters bloodstream Causes sustained viremia Blood transports virus to body tissues Immunity develops against viral antigens resulting antigenantibody complexes most likely responsible for rash and joint pain ...
... Virus multiplies in nasopharynx, then enters bloodstream Causes sustained viremia Blood transports virus to body tissues Immunity develops against viral antigens resulting antigenantibody complexes most likely responsible for rash and joint pain ...
Ekaterina Dadachova, Ph.D.
... “hot cells”. Hot cell (operator side with manipulators for remote-controlled work is shown on this photo. (source European Nuclear Society website) ...
... “hot cells”. Hot cell (operator side with manipulators for remote-controlled work is shown on this photo. (source European Nuclear Society website) ...
Chapter 14 Study Guide Microbiology (Bauman 2007)
... Chapter 14 Study Guide Microbiology (Bauman 2007) Objectives As you work through the activities and practice quizzes for this chapter, keep the following learning objectives in mind. Once you have mastered this chapter, you should be able to: * Distinguish among the types of symbiosis, listing them ...
... Chapter 14 Study Guide Microbiology (Bauman 2007) Objectives As you work through the activities and practice quizzes for this chapter, keep the following learning objectives in mind. Once you have mastered this chapter, you should be able to: * Distinguish among the types of symbiosis, listing them ...
SPONTANEOUS INFECTION OF A CEPHALOHEMATOMA
... remained subclinical until late in the course, no risk factors were present, the labour was without complications, and no invasive manoeuvres were performed. It was not possible to establish if the bacteraemia was subsequent to or causative of the infection of the cephalohematoma. ...
... remained subclinical until late in the course, no risk factors were present, the labour was without complications, and no invasive manoeuvres were performed. It was not possible to establish if the bacteraemia was subsequent to or causative of the infection of the cephalohematoma. ...
hepatitis c
... shoulders and elbows), as well as spinal fluid. HCV is not normally found in urine, feces or saliva. However, because of injury or illness, some of these substances may be contaminated with blood. Hepatitis C is spread when infected blood, semen, vaginal/cervical fluid or other infectious materials ...
... shoulders and elbows), as well as spinal fluid. HCV is not normally found in urine, feces or saliva. However, because of injury or illness, some of these substances may be contaminated with blood. Hepatitis C is spread when infected blood, semen, vaginal/cervical fluid or other infectious materials ...
Transmission electron micrograph of poliovirus type I
... • Infection may be asymptomatic, mild or severe neurological disease. After fever develops it usually takes 1-3 days before meningitis occurs, but paralysis can occur within 10-30 hours after symptoms begin. • Treatment usually focuses on the person's symptoms. • Prevention: • Good hygiene is the si ...
... • Infection may be asymptomatic, mild or severe neurological disease. After fever develops it usually takes 1-3 days before meningitis occurs, but paralysis can occur within 10-30 hours after symptoms begin. • Treatment usually focuses on the person's symptoms. • Prevention: • Good hygiene is the si ...
Chlamydia trachomatis
... • Disease C & S Americas, Africa; less common USA • Human, squirrel primary reservoir • Transmitted by louse; bites, defecates in wound • At risk - people living in crowded, unsanitary conditions; often war, famine, natural disaster • Complications - myocarditis, CNS dysfunction • Mortality high unt ...
... • Disease C & S Americas, Africa; less common USA • Human, squirrel primary reservoir • Transmitted by louse; bites, defecates in wound • At risk - people living in crowded, unsanitary conditions; often war, famine, natural disaster • Complications - myocarditis, CNS dysfunction • Mortality high unt ...
5-2-Blumberg
... ischemic bowel Levels affected by surgery, immunosuppression Cytolytics may lead to elevated levels ...
... ischemic bowel Levels affected by surgery, immunosuppression Cytolytics may lead to elevated levels ...
Chapter 25
... symptoms appear including fever, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological symptoms, opportunistic infections and cancers. ...
... symptoms appear including fever, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological symptoms, opportunistic infections and cancers. ...
Clotting factors and eicosanoids protect against nematode infections
... The tripartite model (Drosophila, nematodes, bacteria) was recently established by Hallem et al. (2007) and we have previously shown an immune function for transglutaminase, a conserved clotting factor (Wang et al., 2010). Infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (H222, isolated fr ...
... The tripartite model (Drosophila, nematodes, bacteria) was recently established by Hallem et al. (2007) and we have previously shown an immune function for transglutaminase, a conserved clotting factor (Wang et al., 2010). Infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (H222, isolated fr ...
Bloodborne Pathogens - Stuart T. Wilson, CPA PC
... that is present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens are spread through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. They are not spread by coughing, sneezing, or casual contact. ...
... that is present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens are spread through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. They are not spread by coughing, sneezing, or casual contact. ...
Trichinosis
Trichinosis, trichinellosis or trichiniasis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the genus Trichinella. Several subspecies cause human disease, but T. spiralis is the most known. Infection may occur without symptoms, while intestinal invasion can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain or vomiting. Larval migration into muscle tissue (one week after being infected) can cause edema of the face or around the eyes, conjunctivitis, fever, muscle pains, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and peripheral eosinophilia. Life-threatening cases can result in myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis. Larval encystment in the muscles causes pain and weakness, followed by slow progression of symptoms.Trichinosis is mainly caused by eating undercooked meat containing encysted larval Trichinella. In the stomach the larvae are exposed to stomach acid and pepsin which releases them from their cysts. They then start invading wall of the small intestine, where they develop into adult worms. Females are 2.2 mm in length; males 1.2 mm. The life span in the small intestine is about four weeks. After 1 week, the females release more larvae that migrate to voluntarily controlled muscles where they encyst. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms, and is confirmed by serology or by finding encysted or non-encysted larvae in biopsy or autopsy samples.The best way to prevent trichinellosis is to cook meat to safe temperatures. Using food thermometers can make sure the temperature inside the meat is high enough to kill the parasites. The meat should not be tasted until it is completely cooked. Once infection has been verified treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole should be started at once. A fast response may help kill adult worms and thereby stop further release of larvae. Once the larvae have established in muscle cells, usually by 3 to 4 weeks after infection, treatment may not completely get rid of the infection or symptoms. Both drugs are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Patients on longer courses should be monitored though regular blood counts to detect adverse effects quickly and then discontinue treatment. Both medicines should be treated with caution during pregnancy or children under the age of 2 years, but the WHO weighs the benefits of treatment higher than the risks. In addition to antiparasitic medication, treatment with steroids is sometimes required in severe cases.Trichinosis can be acquired by eating both domestic and wild animals, but is not soil-transmitted.