modEs of tRansmIssIon REadIng
... influenza season is different because the virus constantly mutates (changes). As a result, each year a new vaccine must be developed. The seasonal flu can cause serious disease and even death. On average, over 41,000 people in the United States die every year from flu-related illness. The avian, or ...
... influenza season is different because the virus constantly mutates (changes). As a result, each year a new vaccine must be developed. The seasonal flu can cause serious disease and even death. On average, over 41,000 people in the United States die every year from flu-related illness. The avian, or ...
Sexually Transmitted diseases
... Such partners include those with a history of being sexually active with more than one person and also those who have injected illegal drugs. ...
... Such partners include those with a history of being sexually active with more than one person and also those who have injected illegal drugs. ...
Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Course for Health Care
... Common infectious agents: bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa and helminth Laboratory diagnosis for infectious diseases Isolation precautions Epidemiology of Infectious diseases and outbreak investigation Chain of infection, host defense mechanisms and the Immune response to infectious diseases. Immuni ...
... Common infectious agents: bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa and helminth Laboratory diagnosis for infectious diseases Isolation precautions Epidemiology of Infectious diseases and outbreak investigation Chain of infection, host defense mechanisms and the Immune response to infectious diseases. Immuni ...
2010 Steve Bellan and the NSF/DIMACS Advanced Study Institute
... • # of new events * host-1 * time-1 • Events can be infection, onset of symptoms, death • For what diseases is this measureable? • You must be able to show that it is a new infection! acute infections (rabies virus, anthrax, others?) • How do you know it is infected? diagnostics: laboratory & sympto ...
... • # of new events * host-1 * time-1 • Events can be infection, onset of symptoms, death • For what diseases is this measureable? • You must be able to show that it is a new infection! acute infections (rabies virus, anthrax, others?) • How do you know it is infected? diagnostics: laboratory & sympto ...
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
... Cough; fever; congestion; chest pain; rust tinged sputum Breathing becomes shallow and rapid Skin becomes dusky due to poor oxygenation Consolidation may occur ...
... Cough; fever; congestion; chest pain; rust tinged sputum Breathing becomes shallow and rapid Skin becomes dusky due to poor oxygenation Consolidation may occur ...
Infection Control Clinical Pharmacy and Patient Safety
... Infection Control—The process by which health care facilities develop and implement specific policies and procedures to prevent the spread of infections among health care staff and patients Nosocomial Infection—An infection contracted by a patient or staff member while in a hospital or health care f ...
... Infection Control—The process by which health care facilities develop and implement specific policies and procedures to prevent the spread of infections among health care staff and patients Nosocomial Infection—An infection contracted by a patient or staff member while in a hospital or health care f ...
Mouse Parvo
... parvovirus. Three isolates of one serotype have been identified. Transmission: The parvoviruses require rapidly dividing cells (such as GI, skin, and lymphoid organs) to survive. They are shed in urine and feces and may be transmitted via respiratory routes. They are highly contagious and shed virus ...
... parvovirus. Three isolates of one serotype have been identified. Transmission: The parvoviruses require rapidly dividing cells (such as GI, skin, and lymphoid organs) to survive. They are shed in urine and feces and may be transmitted via respiratory routes. They are highly contagious and shed virus ...
Parasites of Goats By Page Bishop 12-01-2005
... severe infections exist. Replacement of tissue and blood lost to parasites limits the energy the host may otherwise use for wool growth. Occasional diarrhoea may be seen. Diagnostic Information: Strongyle-type eggs appear in ...
... severe infections exist. Replacement of tissue and blood lost to parasites limits the energy the host may otherwise use for wool growth. Occasional diarrhoea may be seen. Diagnostic Information: Strongyle-type eggs appear in ...
Food chart
... Found in nose, throat, on skin, fingertips of 30-50% of healthy people. Spread by food handlers, coughing, sneezing and other unsanitary practices; also via dirty skin, pimples. Grows best on protein-rich food; meat, poultry, fish, milk, cheese, custards and much-handled food such as sandwiches, pas ...
... Found in nose, throat, on skin, fingertips of 30-50% of healthy people. Spread by food handlers, coughing, sneezing and other unsanitary practices; also via dirty skin, pimples. Grows best on protein-rich food; meat, poultry, fish, milk, cheese, custards and much-handled food such as sandwiches, pas ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... flu-like symptoms, then they may become asymptomatic for years. When symptoms do appear they are usually in the form of weight loss, fatigue, night sweats and fever. As the disease progresses the infected person usually dies from an opportunistic infection or cancer due to their weakened ...
... flu-like symptoms, then they may become asymptomatic for years. When symptoms do appear they are usually in the form of weight loss, fatigue, night sweats and fever. As the disease progresses the infected person usually dies from an opportunistic infection or cancer due to their weakened ...
Policy Statement Disclaimer - Leeds Community Healthcare
... precaution in the policies to ensure safe practice for themselves and their patients. Good healthcare practice can substantially reduce healthcare associated infections. By having high levels of infection control awareness in the wider community can increase the recognition of early outbreaks, allow ...
... precaution in the policies to ensure safe practice for themselves and their patients. Good healthcare practice can substantially reduce healthcare associated infections. By having high levels of infection control awareness in the wider community can increase the recognition of early outbreaks, allow ...
why? (1)
... lymphocyte and platelet counts have been described in prospective studies of HTLV-I and -II carriers, there is no indication that these have clinical significance. It is more important to rule out subclinical leukemia by a normal lymphocyte count and absence of flower cell morphology. ...
... lymphocyte and platelet counts have been described in prospective studies of HTLV-I and -II carriers, there is no indication that these have clinical significance. It is more important to rule out subclinical leukemia by a normal lymphocyte count and absence of flower cell morphology. ...
Diseases and the Human Body Rubella Infectious
... 1) Infectious - bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the 1300s, the "Black Death," as it was called, killed approximately one-third of Europe's population. Today plague is uncommon. This is largely du ...
... 1) Infectious - bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the 1300s, the "Black Death," as it was called, killed approximately one-third of Europe's population. Today plague is uncommon. This is largely du ...
Pediatric infectious diseases Vaccination programs
... Pediatric infectious diseases Vaccination programs Sallai Ágnes MD, Ph.D. ...
... Pediatric infectious diseases Vaccination programs Sallai Ágnes MD, Ph.D. ...
Feline Calicivirus
... cats or contaminated items such as bedding, toys, and water bowls. Therefore, preventing exposure to infected cats and thoroughly washing any contaminated items with bleach will prevent infection in your This viral infection will only infect cats, and will not spread to humans cat. Cats inor other a ...
... cats or contaminated items such as bedding, toys, and water bowls. Therefore, preventing exposure to infected cats and thoroughly washing any contaminated items with bleach will prevent infection in your This viral infection will only infect cats, and will not spread to humans cat. Cats inor other a ...
Lymphadenopathy
... If pus is present, it may be aspirated, with CT or ultrasound guidance, or if it is extensive, it will require incision and drainage. Gram stain and culture of the pus should be obtained. Surgical drainage is required for an abscess. The sizes of involved nodes should be documented before treatment. ...
... If pus is present, it may be aspirated, with CT or ultrasound guidance, or if it is extensive, it will require incision and drainage. Gram stain and culture of the pus should be obtained. Surgical drainage is required for an abscess. The sizes of involved nodes should be documented before treatment. ...
Analytic calculation of finite-population reproductive numbers for
... These simple analytic formulas shed light on the relationship between R0 and the finite-population reproductive numbers. Under the assumption that host population, and not vector population is limiting, we find that: • The host-based finite-population reproductive number, but not the vector-based on ...
... These simple analytic formulas shed light on the relationship between R0 and the finite-population reproductive numbers. Under the assumption that host population, and not vector population is limiting, we find that: • The host-based finite-population reproductive number, but not the vector-based on ...
Trichinosis
Trichinosis, trichinellosis or trichiniasis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the genus Trichinella. Several subspecies cause human disease, but T. spiralis is the most known. Infection may occur without symptoms, while intestinal invasion can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain or vomiting. Larval migration into muscle tissue (one week after being infected) can cause edema of the face or around the eyes, conjunctivitis, fever, muscle pains, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and peripheral eosinophilia. Life-threatening cases can result in myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis. Larval encystment in the muscles causes pain and weakness, followed by slow progression of symptoms.Trichinosis is mainly caused by eating undercooked meat containing encysted larval Trichinella. In the stomach the larvae are exposed to stomach acid and pepsin which releases them from their cysts. They then start invading wall of the small intestine, where they develop into adult worms. Females are 2.2 mm in length; males 1.2 mm. The life span in the small intestine is about four weeks. After 1 week, the females release more larvae that migrate to voluntarily controlled muscles where they encyst. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms, and is confirmed by serology or by finding encysted or non-encysted larvae in biopsy or autopsy samples.The best way to prevent trichinellosis is to cook meat to safe temperatures. Using food thermometers can make sure the temperature inside the meat is high enough to kill the parasites. The meat should not be tasted until it is completely cooked. Once infection has been verified treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole should be started at once. A fast response may help kill adult worms and thereby stop further release of larvae. Once the larvae have established in muscle cells, usually by 3 to 4 weeks after infection, treatment may not completely get rid of the infection or symptoms. Both drugs are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Patients on longer courses should be monitored though regular blood counts to detect adverse effects quickly and then discontinue treatment. Both medicines should be treated with caution during pregnancy or children under the age of 2 years, but the WHO weighs the benefits of treatment higher than the risks. In addition to antiparasitic medication, treatment with steroids is sometimes required in severe cases.Trichinosis can be acquired by eating both domestic and wild animals, but is not soil-transmitted.