Download Disease table 2

TUBERCULOSIS
WHAT IS IT?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that typically affects the lungs but may
infect any other organ of the body. It can be effectively treated with medications.
WHO IS MOST AT RISK?
• Some groups at higher risk of developing active TB disease if they have been
infected with TB bacteria include:
• Migrants and refugees
• Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders
• People living with HIV infection and AIDS
• Alcoholics
• Elderly people
• People living in institutions
• People living in overcrowded conditions
• People with diabetes
• Health professionals.
CAUSES
TB can only be passed from person to person when
someone with active TB of the lungs coughs, sings, laughs
or sneezes. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria
and become infected. The bacteria can settle in the lungs
and begin to grow. From there, they can move through the
blood or lymphatic system to other parts of the body such
as the kidney, spine and brain.
However, only about 10% of people infected with TB
develop ‘active’ TB disease that makes the person sick and
causes symptoms.
IMPACT ON THE BODY
Active TB can have many negative effects on the
body. Some of these include:
• Having a persistent cough
• Tiredness
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Coughing up blood.
One of the most serious, deadly diseases.
By: Maya and Monique
What is it?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome
•
HIV is a disease which is primarily transmitted through sexual
intercourse, destroying a part of the immune system – defence system
which fights infections.
•
AIDS is a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular
immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection
•
No vaccine or cure for either.
Causes
Both HIV and AIDS are mainly caused by High-risk behaviors
•
•
•
•
Having sex without a condom
Sharing needles and other injecting equipment
Blood transfusions and treatment with other blood products
From a mother who has HIV to a child – during pregnancy, birth or when
breastfeeding.
Impact on the body
•
•
•
•
HIV attacks and kills crucial immune system cells, known as T-helper cells (kill
cells that have been infected with germs).
Without T-helper cells many other immune system cells cannot not work
properly.
A person infected with HIV may not show any symptoms for years.
Eventually, the numbers fall so low that the risk of infection greatly increases,
and the symptoms of AIDS appear.
You can get extra fat in the following places:
• Abdomen
• Breasts (both men and women)
• Face
Bibliography
•
•
•
•
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/HIV_and_AI
DS
http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourbody/Whatd
oesyourimmunesystemdo/WhatisAIDS/HowdoesHIVaffectthebody.aspx
http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/hiv-in-yourbody/physical-changes/
http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/stds/std_hiv.html
Hepatitis B & C
Approximately 1 in 12 persons worldwide,
or some 500 million people, are living with
chronic viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is
among the top 10 infectious disease killers
and the leading cause of liver cancer and
cirrhosis.
• What is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. Most adults
who get hepatitis B have it for a short time and then
get better.
• What is Hepatitis C?
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily
the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The
infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection
can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to
cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years.
In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to
develop liver failure, liver cancer or life-threatening
oesophageal.
Causes?
•




•

Causes of Hepatitis B?
Have sex with an infected person without using a condom.
Share needles (used for injecting drugs) with an infected person.
Get a tattoo or piercing with tools that were not cleaned well.
Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person.
Causes of Hepatitis C?
Shared needles. HCV can also spread through sharing contaminated
needles when injecting drugs.
 Childbirth. A small number of babies born to mothers with hepatitis C
acquire the infection during childbirth.
 Sexual contact. In rare cases, HCV may be transmitted sexually.
Impact of Hepatitis B
• Chronic hepatitis B affects the health of the liver,
causing long-term inflammation (more than six
months) of the liver. Symptoms can subside;
however, chronic inflammation can lead to liver
failure or liver cancer. In some cases of chronic
hepatitis B, patients may need antiviral
medications to lessen the effect of the infection
of the liver. In severe cases, end-stage liver
disease occurs, and a liver transplant may be
needed.
Impact of Hepatitis C
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fever/ chills
Muscle/ body aches
Headaches
Fatigue
Depression
Anxiety
Insomnia
Dry mouth
Poor apatite
Nausea/ vomiting
Diarrhoea
MEASELS
BY Millie and Shakira
What is measles?
Measles are a highly contagious viral illness that causes a skin rash
and fever. Complications with measles can be fatal, these
complications include pneumonia and encephalitis. Measles is also
known as rubeola, worldwide measles are the fifth highest cause of
illness and death in children. Measles or rubeola is rare in Australia
because of the widespread use of the measles vaccine. It is
important to continue vaccinating Australian children against
measles as it is highly contagious and can be brought into the
country through people travelling from other countries.
Measles Impact on the body
Measles can impact on the body especially when complications may occur, such as:
•
Measles generally affects the respiratory system and ties up the immune system and inflames the lungs so
that bacteria can easily invade and "super-infect" the lungs.
•
In a small number of patients, the virus can take permanent rest in the brain and be awakened years later to
cause re-infection and brain damage. This results in a condition called SSPE.
•
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) – occurs in about one in every 100,000 cases of measles. SSPE is
an extremely rare progressive inflammation of the brain that causes loss of personality and intellectual
disabilities. It usually begins about seven years after the measles infection.
•
Diarrhoea and vomiting – may cause further complications such as dehydration.
•
Respiratory infections – such as bronchitis, croup or laryngitis.
•
Pneumonia – a type of lung inflammation that causes about 60 per cent of measles deaths.
•
Encephalitis – or brain inflammation, affects about one person with measles in every 1000. About 10 to 15
per cent of patients with encephalitis die. About 15 to 40 per cent of survivors have permanent brain
damage to varying degrees.
Pictures
Measles
Down the throat
Neurological Disorders
What is it?
Any disorder of the bodies nervous system.
Symptoms:
- Muscle weakness
- Poor coordination
- Loss of senses
- Pain
- Confusion
- Altered levels of consciousness
Jason and BBJ
Causes:
• Although nerves in the brain lie deep under the skin, they are
still susceptible to damage.
• Genetic disorders, infections, lifestyle and environmental
health problems, brain injury, spinal cord injury and nerve
injury are all causes of Neurological diseases.
• Under current testing procedures, no neurological cause can
be identified until symptoms are present.
Examples of neurological disorders
•
- Alzheimer's disease
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
- Autism
- Coma’s
- Dementia
- Dyslexia
- Epilepsy
- Febrile seizures
- Migraines
Effect on the body: Both direct and indirect.
Direct: Denervation (destruction) of muscles
Indirect: Has an effect on feeding.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skzIBvABTpY
What is diarrhoeal disease
• It is the condition of having three or more loose
liquid bowl movements per day.
• It is the 2nd leading cause of death in children
under 5 years old. It is both preventable and
treatable.
Causes of Diarrhoeal
• Infection/source- It is caused by a host of
bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms which is
spread by faeces-contaminated water. It is more
common when there is a shortage of adequate
sanitation, hygiene and clean water
• Malnutrition- Makes them more vulnerable to
diarrhoea. Each diarrhoeal episode makes their
malnutrition worse.
• Other causes- spread from person to person,
contaminated food, poor personal hygiene, fish
and seafood from polluted water.
Impact on body
• Malnutrition- By having diarrhoea it gets rid of all
the food with essential nutrition in it.
• Dehydration- It is the most severe threat posed
by diarrhoea because of the loss of water and
electrolytes through liquid faeces. There are
three types of dehydration and they are: Early,
moderate and severe