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Digestive System Diseases HAP Susan Chabot 2013-2014 Peritonitis • Inflammation of the peritoneum, the inner lining of the abdomen and covering of abdominal organs. • Often the result of an infection • Can be caused by ruptured appendix or trauma. Gallstones • Properly known as Cholelithiasis • Formed through crystallization of bile and cholestrol in the gall bladder as the result of dietary habits. • Can lead to gall bladder inflammation: cholecyctitis • May pass on own but often results in removal of the gall bladder. Gallstones Jaundice • • • • Properly called Icterus/Icteric Yellowing of the skin and eyes Result of liver malfunction/damage Can be due to a variety of causes – Infection/Hepatitis – Inflammation/Cirrhosis – Liver cancer Hepatitis • Inflammation of the liver • Often caused by an infection by the hepatitis virus; several varieties passed in numerous ways. • Other causes: – Alcohol consumption – Medications – Autoimmune disease Cirrhosis • Replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue. • The result of advanced liver disease. • Causes: – Alcoholism – Hepatitis infection – Fatty liver disease (bad diet) Emesis • To vomit • Caused by a variety of conditions – Infection – Poisoning – Radiation – Movement – Symptom of other conditions Peptic Ulcer • Eroding of the mucus lining of the stomach or small intestine. • Due to elevated levels of acid and pepsin in the stomach. • Can be caused by: – Bacterial infection – Medication – Diet – Stress Pancreatitis • Inflammation of the pancreas • Most cases are caused by alcoholism or gallstones • Causes severe upper abdominal and back pain, nausea, and emesis. Diverticulosis • Inflammation of the diverticuli, pockets in the large intestine. • Weaknesses in the muscle layer of the large intestine. • Can lead to colon cancer if left untreated/chronic. • Symptoms are cramping, bloating, and other digestive issues. PKU • Phenylketonuria • Genetic metabolic disorder • Can not digest certain amino acids • Require strict dietary restrictions to avoid accumulation of one amino acid in the brain. • Can lead to severe brain damage if not identified early in life. Obesity • Medical condition in which excess fat has reached a level that it will have a negative effect on health and reduced life expectancy. • BMI exceeds 30kg/m2 • Leading cause of: – – – – – Heart disease Diabetes Sleep apnea Some cancers arthritis Anorexia • Decreased sensation of appetite. • Anorexia nervosa is the nervous system disorder related to an eating disorder. • Typically the result of OCD or BDD (Body Dysmorphic Disorder). • Can range from little caloric intake to total self-starvation. Crohn’s Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD/IBS) • Wide variety of symptoms depending on where in the GI tract the inflammation is occurring. • Caused by interaction between environment, immune function, and bacterial factors that disrupt normal GI function. • Classified as an Autoimmune disorder.