Neuroimaging Studies of Memory. In Encyclopedia of the
... influence on the path of activity in the brain early in the processing sequence. The best example of this is the visual system. Spatial information about a visual stimulus is selectively routed to a dorsal stream of information processing that mainly includes the parietal lobes, whereas information ...
... influence on the path of activity in the brain early in the processing sequence. The best example of this is the visual system. Spatial information about a visual stimulus is selectively routed to a dorsal stream of information processing that mainly includes the parietal lobes, whereas information ...
The Influence of Odor and Emotion on Memory
... hippocampus and the olfactory regions of the brain (Gourevitch et al., 2010). Diffusion tensor imaging of the limbic system has noted the circuit connections found between the hippocampus and other structures such as the olfactory bulb and amygdala (Concha et al., 2005). Research has found that the ...
... hippocampus and the olfactory regions of the brain (Gourevitch et al., 2010). Diffusion tensor imaging of the limbic system has noted the circuit connections found between the hippocampus and other structures such as the olfactory bulb and amygdala (Concha et al., 2005). Research has found that the ...
NOBA Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)
... Kulik (1977) to describe this sort of vivid memory of finding out an important piece of news. The name refers to how some memories seem to be captured in the mind like a flash photograph; because of the distinctiveness and emotionality of the news, they seem to become permanently etched in the mind ...
... Kulik (1977) to describe this sort of vivid memory of finding out an important piece of news. The name refers to how some memories seem to be captured in the mind like a flash photograph; because of the distinctiveness and emotionality of the news, they seem to become permanently etched in the mind ...
AS EDEXCEL PSYCHOLOGY 2008 ONWARDS
... brain damage allows researchers to see what a person with a certain area of brain damage can do/how they process information with someone without that damage. However, it is unusual for just one part of the brain to be damaged, and unusual for a person with brain damage to be known to researchers be ...
... brain damage allows researchers to see what a person with a certain area of brain damage can do/how they process information with someone without that damage. However, it is unusual for just one part of the brain to be damaged, and unusual for a person with brain damage to be known to researchers be ...
Cognitive Psychology
... paper, which is then read by a second participant who reproduces the first participant’s reproduction, and so on until it is reproduced by six or seven different participants. Repeated reproduction: the same participant reproduces the story six or seven times from their own previous reproductions. ...
... paper, which is then read by a second participant who reproduces the first participant’s reproduction, and so on until it is reproduced by six or seven different participants. Repeated reproduction: the same participant reproduces the story six or seven times from their own previous reproductions. ...
Functional Neuroimaging and Episodic Memory
... should result in hippocampal activity. However, the neuroimaging studies to date have generally found that effort was not the key factor in producing hippocampal activation. Rather, success in recollection has generally been shown to be related to activation of the hippocampus. In this review, we wi ...
... should result in hippocampal activity. However, the neuroimaging studies to date have generally found that effort was not the key factor in producing hippocampal activation. Rather, success in recollection has generally been shown to be related to activation of the hippocampus. In this review, we wi ...
Insect olfactory memory in time and space
... form in a distributed fashion in the olfactory nervous system after olfactory conditioning, but they do not challenge a central role for the MBs in olfactory learning. The neurons that form these memory traces (antennal lobe projection neurons, DPM neurons and dopaminergic neurons) are all thought t ...
... form in a distributed fashion in the olfactory nervous system after olfactory conditioning, but they do not challenge a central role for the MBs in olfactory learning. The neurons that form these memory traces (antennal lobe projection neurons, DPM neurons and dopaminergic neurons) are all thought t ...
learning, Memory, and Cognition: Animal Perspectives
... are not yet well understood. A short individual life time, few environmental changes during a lifetime, and highly specialized living conditions will favor the dominance of inherited information; a longer individ uallifetime, less adaptation to particular environmental niches and rapid environment ...
... are not yet well understood. A short individual life time, few environmental changes during a lifetime, and highly specialized living conditions will favor the dominance of inherited information; a longer individ uallifetime, less adaptation to particular environmental niches and rapid environment ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... in the consolidation of declarative memories. This hypothesis is derived from a variety of experiments that involve manipulation of sleep cycles around word-pair learning tasks. There are two popular theories that attempt to explain the underlying mechanisms: the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis sugg ...
... in the consolidation of declarative memories. This hypothesis is derived from a variety of experiments that involve manipulation of sleep cycles around word-pair learning tasks. There are two popular theories that attempt to explain the underlying mechanisms: the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis sugg ...
Brain Architecture for an Intelligent Stream of Consciousness
... memory search in the background for forgotten information such that forgotten things sometimes appear in one’s consciousness minutes or hours later. Mental confusion might result from multiple returns for a given set of cues, a common situation when an inadequate number of cues are used to call fort ...
... memory search in the background for forgotten information such that forgotten things sometimes appear in one’s consciousness minutes or hours later. Mental confusion might result from multiple returns for a given set of cues, a common situation when an inadequate number of cues are used to call fort ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... when it was presented as a match and the response to the same stimulus when it was presented as a nonmatch in other trials.18–20 Importantly, the physical characteristics of the stimulus were identical in both the “match” and the “nonmatch” conditions. The only difference between the two stimulus pr ...
... when it was presented as a match and the response to the same stimulus when it was presented as a nonmatch in other trials.18–20 Importantly, the physical characteristics of the stimulus were identical in both the “match” and the “nonmatch” conditions. The only difference between the two stimulus pr ...
A Neuropsychological Model of Memory and Consciousness
... Explicit tests can be classified as "associative/cue-dependent" or as "strategic." Associative tests are those in which the cue is sufficient to bring the memory to mind. As I argue here, this process is relatively automatic and mandatory if the cue is appropriate. To give a sense of what I mean, it ...
... Explicit tests can be classified as "associative/cue-dependent" or as "strategic." Associative tests are those in which the cue is sufficient to bring the memory to mind. As I argue here, this process is relatively automatic and mandatory if the cue is appropriate. To give a sense of what I mean, it ...
Affective Computing
... • Basic, distinct emotion circuits in the brain – Distinct emotional patterns can be evoked by stimulating electrically particular subcortical areas responsible for basic emotions • Cortical regions largely free of such effects ...
... • Basic, distinct emotion circuits in the brain – Distinct emotional patterns can be evoked by stimulating electrically particular subcortical areas responsible for basic emotions • Cortical regions largely free of such effects ...
Predictive, interactive multiple memory systems
... context surrounding that exposure. Experimental assay of recollection and familiarity includes objective tests of aspects of that prior context (or ‘‘source memory’’; Johnson et al., 1993) or subjective judgments of context retrieval (such as ‘‘remember’’ vs. ‘‘know’’ judgments; Tulving, 1985). Rath ...
... context surrounding that exposure. Experimental assay of recollection and familiarity includes objective tests of aspects of that prior context (or ‘‘source memory’’; Johnson et al., 1993) or subjective judgments of context retrieval (such as ‘‘remember’’ vs. ‘‘know’’ judgments; Tulving, 1985). Rath ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... error occurred when a subject returned to a circle in which they had previously found a blue token, and a within-search error occurred when a subject returned to a circle within the same search. The performance measure of errors described in Results refers to between-search errors. Subjects performe ...
... error occurred when a subject returned to a circle in which they had previously found a blue token, and a within-search error occurred when a subject returned to a circle within the same search. The performance measure of errors described in Results refers to between-search errors. Subjects performe ...
Neural basis of learning and memory
... our brain incorporates the learning within its neural structure. The neural activity underlying this process occurs in a systematic way and not haphazardly (Breedlove, Watson & Rosenzweig 2010; Myers, 2007). Although some parts of the brain, such as the sensory and motor areas in the cerebral cortex ...
... our brain incorporates the learning within its neural structure. The neural activity underlying this process occurs in a systematic way and not haphazardly (Breedlove, Watson & Rosenzweig 2010; Myers, 2007). Although some parts of the brain, such as the sensory and motor areas in the cerebral cortex ...
Heightened Interference on Implicit, but Not Explicit, Tests of
... blank 3 3 5″ index card. The two lists consisted of 12 triads of high frequency words drawn from the A or AA categories of the Thorndike-Lorge (1944) word counts. Each pair of words was closely linked on the basis of their common semantic characteristics (e.g., List 1: army– soldier: List 2: army–ba ...
... blank 3 3 5″ index card. The two lists consisted of 12 triads of high frequency words drawn from the A or AA categories of the Thorndike-Lorge (1944) word counts. Each pair of words was closely linked on the basis of their common semantic characteristics (e.g., List 1: army– soldier: List 2: army–ba ...
Transient Storage of a Tactile Memory Trace in Primary
... disrupting ongoing neuronal activity in the ipsilateral SI did not affect the working memory trace of a tactile stimulus. In contrast, TMS applied to the contralateral SI did disrupt working memory (accuracy ranged from 70 to 78% correct). To illustrate the time course of this effect, we calculated ...
... disrupting ongoing neuronal activity in the ipsilateral SI did not affect the working memory trace of a tactile stimulus. In contrast, TMS applied to the contralateral SI did disrupt working memory (accuracy ranged from 70 to 78% correct). To illustrate the time course of this effect, we calculated ...
The Frontal Cortex and Working with Memory
... then turned off while the rats waited the prescribed delay period for the levers to reappear. There was no difference between hippocampus-lesioned and control groups in learning the conditional rule in the 0-delay condition, but the group with FC lesions improved at a much slower rate and, as can be ...
... then turned off while the rats waited the prescribed delay period for the levers to reappear. There was no difference between hippocampus-lesioned and control groups in learning the conditional rule in the 0-delay condition, but the group with FC lesions improved at a much slower rate and, as can be ...
Mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information
... blockade impair this function. These intrinsic mechanisms in parahippocampal cortices provide an important alternative to theories of working memory based on recurrent synaptic excitation. Introduction Research has demonstrated the existence of multiple memory systems, including working memory, whic ...
... blockade impair this function. These intrinsic mechanisms in parahippocampal cortices provide an important alternative to theories of working memory based on recurrent synaptic excitation. Introduction Research has demonstrated the existence of multiple memory systems, including working memory, whic ...
How cognitive theory guides neuroscience
... the progress of neuroscientific study of the hippocampus has been closely and continuously intertwined with cognitive theory regarding its widely celebrated role in episodic memory. Henry Molaison, the famous patient H.M., had widespread hippocampal damage and exhibited profound episodic memory defici ...
... the progress of neuroscientific study of the hippocampus has been closely and continuously intertwined with cognitive theory regarding its widely celebrated role in episodic memory. Henry Molaison, the famous patient H.M., had widespread hippocampal damage and exhibited profound episodic memory defici ...
392868
... minutes earlier). This kind of memory is categorized as “episodic memory” [3] and known to be maintained by the hippocampus. Even if damage to the hippocampus occurs in childhood, patients with damage to the hippocampus show difficulty in the formation and maintenance of the episodic memory [4]. This ...
... minutes earlier). This kind of memory is categorized as “episodic memory” [3] and known to be maintained by the hippocampus. Even if damage to the hippocampus occurs in childhood, patients with damage to the hippocampus show difficulty in the formation and maintenance of the episodic memory [4]. This ...
Semantic and episodic components of brand knowledge
... forms of biases and distortions (Schacter & Slotnick 2004). Episodic memory is a late-developing and earlydeteriorating memory system, more vulnerable than other memory systems to neuronal dysfunction, and thought to be unique to humans (Tulving 2002; Schacter & Slotnick 2004). For example, there ha ...
... forms of biases and distortions (Schacter & Slotnick 2004). Episodic memory is a late-developing and earlydeteriorating memory system, more vulnerable than other memory systems to neuronal dysfunction, and thought to be unique to humans (Tulving 2002; Schacter & Slotnick 2004). For example, there ha ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... on the parameters of the stimulation protocol (e.g., odor concentration, frequency of odor presentation), a temporary increment in responsiveness might initially be observed. If, however, an appetitive gustatory stimulus (e.g., sugar) is repeated with the same ISI, depending again on the concentrati ...
... on the parameters of the stimulation protocol (e.g., odor concentration, frequency of odor presentation), a temporary increment in responsiveness might initially be observed. If, however, an appetitive gustatory stimulus (e.g., sugar) is repeated with the same ISI, depending again on the concentrati ...
Prenatal memory
Prenatal memory, also called fetal memory, is important for the development of memory in humans. Many factors can impair fetal memory and its functions, primarily maternal actions. There are multiple techniques available not only to demonstrate the existence of fetal memory but to measure it. Fetal memory is vulnerable to certain diseases so much so that exposure can permanently damage the development of the fetus and even terminate the pregnancy by aborting the fetus. Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems. As shown here, certain uses of these substances can entail long-term permanent effects on the fetus that can carry into his or her lifespan. Fetal memory is thus critical to survival of the infant and serves many purposes.