3.05 Neural Substrates of Remembering – Electroencephalographic
... clinical and research contexts. To examine EEG activity associated with stimulus processing, signal-averaging methods applied to EEG recordings can be used to produce ERPs. Whereas ongoing EEG signals can vary in magnitude on the order of tens of microvolts over a few seconds, ERPs can be extracted ...
... clinical and research contexts. To examine EEG activity associated with stimulus processing, signal-averaging methods applied to EEG recordings can be used to produce ERPs. Whereas ongoing EEG signals can vary in magnitude on the order of tens of microvolts over a few seconds, ERPs can be extracted ...
1 Behavioral Dynamics of Episodic Memory
... Note that episodic trajectories are not necessarily limited to the dimensions of physical time and space. When I recall walking between the buildings at Boston University, I also remember my thoughts about the environment. As I walked past my graduate student, I remember thinking about his experimen ...
... Note that episodic trajectories are not necessarily limited to the dimensions of physical time and space. When I recall walking between the buildings at Boston University, I also remember my thoughts about the environment. As I walked past my graduate student, I remember thinking about his experimen ...
Resilient outcome - Anna Freud Centre
... 2. Alterations at the neurocognitive level in ‘representations’ (of self and other) as well as in basic and higher order ‘processes’ • Both basic and higher order processes are altered in a range of disorders associated with maltreatment (e.g. anxiety, depression and conduct problems). Here I will f ...
... 2. Alterations at the neurocognitive level in ‘representations’ (of self and other) as well as in basic and higher order ‘processes’ • Both basic and higher order processes are altered in a range of disorders associated with maltreatment (e.g. anxiety, depression and conduct problems). Here I will f ...
Using neuroimaging to evaluate models of working memory and
... J.M. Chein*, S.M. Ravizza1, J.A. Fiez2 Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA ...
... J.M. Chein*, S.M. Ravizza1, J.A. Fiez2 Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA ...
Critical Periods:
... quickly to not leave a platform because they will get shocked). – Females are “better” at active avoidance learning than males (e.g., females learn to respond more quickly to a cue such as a light or tone that signals that they should move to another part of a chamber to avoid being shocked). – Howe ...
... quickly to not leave a platform because they will get shocked). – Females are “better” at active avoidance learning than males (e.g., females learn to respond more quickly to a cue such as a light or tone that signals that they should move to another part of a chamber to avoid being shocked). – Howe ...
Complementary Learning Systems
... accompanied by the explicit recall of specific content information. The conjunctive, pattern-separated nature of hippocampal representations is consistent with the episodic nature of recollection, with pattern separation (and other features of the hippocampal system; Norman & O’Reilly, 2003) making ...
... accompanied by the explicit recall of specific content information. The conjunctive, pattern-separated nature of hippocampal representations is consistent with the episodic nature of recollection, with pattern separation (and other features of the hippocampal system; Norman & O’Reilly, 2003) making ...
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Dopamine
... – 2. Once the rats were able to do this, the researchers injected one group of rats with scopolamine, which blocks acetylcholine receptor sites decreasing available acetylcholine. – 3. Then the second group of rats was injected with physostigmine, which blocks the production of cholinesterase which ...
... – 2. Once the rats were able to do this, the researchers injected one group of rats with scopolamine, which blocks acetylcholine receptor sites decreasing available acetylcholine. – 3. Then the second group of rats was injected with physostigmine, which blocks the production of cholinesterase which ...
The construction system of the brain References Rapid response
... The ability to construct a hypothetical situation in one’s imagination prior to it actually occurring may afford greater accuracy in predicting its eventual outcome. The recollection of past experiences is also considered to be a reconstructive process with memories recreated from their component pa ...
... The ability to construct a hypothetical situation in one’s imagination prior to it actually occurring may afford greater accuracy in predicting its eventual outcome. The recollection of past experiences is also considered to be a reconstructive process with memories recreated from their component pa ...
Chap 6 Learning
... Shaping consists of reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response. • Extinction is the gradual weakening and disappearance of a response when a reinforcer is no longer provided • Stimulus Generalization occurs when a response occurs to stimuli other than the original stimul ...
... Shaping consists of reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response. • Extinction is the gradual weakening and disappearance of a response when a reinforcer is no longer provided • Stimulus Generalization occurs when a response occurs to stimuli other than the original stimul ...
Genardi Brodmann-Detail
... The diversity of functions involving BA6, probably the largest Brodmann’s area, is not surprising. However, its basic function seems to be clear enough: motor sequencing and planning movements. Damage in the lateral premotor area results in kinetic apraxia (loss of the kinetic components of engrams ...
... The diversity of functions involving BA6, probably the largest Brodmann’s area, is not surprising. However, its basic function seems to be clear enough: motor sequencing and planning movements. Damage in the lateral premotor area results in kinetic apraxia (loss of the kinetic components of engrams ...
recognition memory: what are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and
... that the stimulus is being seen for the first time (or at least has not been seen for some weeks previously) by a vigorous response that is much weaker when the stimulus is repeated and much briefer (thinner bar) if the stimulus is highly familiar. ...
... that the stimulus is being seen for the first time (or at least has not been seen for some weeks previously) by a vigorous response that is much weaker when the stimulus is repeated and much briefer (thinner bar) if the stimulus is highly familiar. ...
Brodmann-Detail
... The superior parietal lobe includes BA5 and B7, and is separated from the inferior parietal lobe (BA40 and BA39) by the intraparietal sulcus. The right secondary sensorimotor cortex is clearly involved in visuospatial processing, including the perception of the personal space and spatial imagery. Cl ...
... The superior parietal lobe includes BA5 and B7, and is separated from the inferior parietal lobe (BA40 and BA39) by the intraparietal sulcus. The right secondary sensorimotor cortex is clearly involved in visuospatial processing, including the perception of the personal space and spatial imagery. Cl ...
directory of functions - Stress Therapy Solutions
... The diversity of functions involving BA6, probably the largest Brodmann’s area, is not surprising. However, its basic function seems to be clear enough: motor sequencing and planning movements. Damage in the lateral premotor area results in kinetic apraxia (loss of the kinetic components of engrams ...
... The diversity of functions involving BA6, probably the largest Brodmann’s area, is not surprising. However, its basic function seems to be clear enough: motor sequencing and planning movements. Damage in the lateral premotor area results in kinetic apraxia (loss of the kinetic components of engrams ...
Impaired associative learning in schizophrenia: behavioral and
... entorhinal cortex are central to the initial formation of long term associative memories. These regions occupy a unique anatomical place within the realm of cortical and subcortical connections receiving inputs from the sensory areas in unimodal association cortex and from heteromodal areas such as ...
... entorhinal cortex are central to the initial formation of long term associative memories. These regions occupy a unique anatomical place within the realm of cortical and subcortical connections receiving inputs from the sensory areas in unimodal association cortex and from heteromodal areas such as ...
Stressed Memories - Journal of Neuroscience
... end of picture encoding (dividing the encoding session in three blocks) The Netherlands) and the declaration of Helsinki. (Fig. 1). Participants were instructed to view each movie clip and picture for the entire time that it was displayed. Pictures belonged to two cateStudy design gories, with eithe ...
... end of picture encoding (dividing the encoding session in three blocks) The Netherlands) and the declaration of Helsinki. (Fig. 1). Participants were instructed to view each movie clip and picture for the entire time that it was displayed. Pictures belonged to two cateStudy design gories, with eithe ...
Eichenbaum et al., 2012a, #15 - Fortin Lab @ UCI
... to investigate distinctions between recall of episodic memories and a sense of familiarity for previous experienced materials. This method uses the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) function to generate separate indices of episodic recollection and familiarity in accordance with theories that ...
... to investigate distinctions between recall of episodic memories and a sense of familiarity for previous experienced materials. This method uses the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) function to generate separate indices of episodic recollection and familiarity in accordance with theories that ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... brain region is apparently responsible both for detecting out-of-context stimuli and also for matching stimuli in the environment to stored representations. Each of these aspects of cognition is associated with frequently used experimental paradigms and robust electrophysiological signatures, but th ...
... brain region is apparently responsible both for detecting out-of-context stimuli and also for matching stimuli in the environment to stored representations. Each of these aspects of cognition is associated with frequently used experimental paradigms and robust electrophysiological signatures, but th ...
A cognitive neuroscience account of posttraumatic stress disorder
... transferred to a long-term memory store in a form that can later be deliberately retrieved. These memories are therefore readily available for verbal communication with others, but the amount of information they contain is restricted because they are mediated by limited-capacity serial processes suc ...
... transferred to a long-term memory store in a form that can later be deliberately retrieved. These memories are therefore readily available for verbal communication with others, but the amount of information they contain is restricted because they are mediated by limited-capacity serial processes suc ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... the RE. The RE and RH are often grouped together in lesion studies, however there are subtle differences in their efferent and afferent connections, as will be discussed below. A large proportion of RE projection neurons are glutamatergic (Bokor et al., 2002). Wouterlood et al. (1990) showed that RE ...
... the RE. The RE and RH are often grouped together in lesion studies, however there are subtle differences in their efferent and afferent connections, as will be discussed below. A large proportion of RE projection neurons are glutamatergic (Bokor et al., 2002). Wouterlood et al. (1990) showed that RE ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... the RE. The RE and RH are often grouped together in lesion studies, however there are subtle differences in their efferent and afferent connections, as will be discussed below. A large proportion of RE projection neurons are glutamatergic (Bokor et al., 2002). Wouterlood et al. (1990) showed that RE ...
... the RE. The RE and RH are often grouped together in lesion studies, however there are subtle differences in their efferent and afferent connections, as will be discussed below. A large proportion of RE projection neurons are glutamatergic (Bokor et al., 2002). Wouterlood et al. (1990) showed that RE ...
Selective cognitive dysfunction in acetylcholine M
... Fig. 1. Pavlovian contextual and cued fear conditioning. (a) Context fear acquisition was assessed by giving mice one shock per day 4 min after placement in a conditioning chamber for 4 consecutive days; freezing fear behavior is shown for the 4 min before each shock. M1–/– mice showed markedly grea ...
... Fig. 1. Pavlovian contextual and cued fear conditioning. (a) Context fear acquisition was assessed by giving mice one shock per day 4 min after placement in a conditioning chamber for 4 consecutive days; freezing fear behavior is shown for the 4 min before each shock. M1–/– mice showed markedly grea ...
Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in Early
... A normal comparison (NC) group consisted of 19 participants, who were matched on the basis of age, sex, and parents' years of education (11 males, 8 females; 18 right-handed, 1 left-handed). Children in the NC group had no history of brain injury, stroke, or epilepsy, were not on any medications, an ...
... A normal comparison (NC) group consisted of 19 participants, who were matched on the basis of age, sex, and parents' years of education (11 males, 8 females; 18 right-handed, 1 left-handed). Children in the NC group had no history of brain injury, stroke, or epilepsy, were not on any medications, an ...
Impairment of episodic and semantic autobiographical memory in
... Autobiographical memory includes the retrieval of personal semantic data and the remembrance of incident or episodic memories. In retrograde amnesias, it has been observed that recall of autobiographical memories of recent events is poorer than recall of remote memories. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may ...
... Autobiographical memory includes the retrieval of personal semantic data and the remembrance of incident or episodic memories. In retrograde amnesias, it has been observed that recall of autobiographical memories of recent events is poorer than recall of remote memories. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may ...
Superior digit memory of abacus experts
... more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important roles in visuo-motor processing [14]. Another possibility is ...
... more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important roles in visuo-motor processing [14]. Another possibility is ...
Prenatal memory
Prenatal memory, also called fetal memory, is important for the development of memory in humans. Many factors can impair fetal memory and its functions, primarily maternal actions. There are multiple techniques available not only to demonstrate the existence of fetal memory but to measure it. Fetal memory is vulnerable to certain diseases so much so that exposure can permanently damage the development of the fetus and even terminate the pregnancy by aborting the fetus. Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems. As shown here, certain uses of these substances can entail long-term permanent effects on the fetus that can carry into his or her lifespan. Fetal memory is thus critical to survival of the infant and serves many purposes.