Implicit Memory for New Associations: An
... arise from the initial, context-dependent encoding of word pairs. From this perspective, the function of the postidentification elaboration required by tasks such as sentence generation is to encourage subjects to initially encode members of a word pair in relation to one another. For instance, afte ...
... arise from the initial, context-dependent encoding of word pairs. From this perspective, the function of the postidentification elaboration required by tasks such as sentence generation is to encourage subjects to initially encode members of a word pair in relation to one another. For instance, afte ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... showed attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry and smaller total brain and cerebral volumes compared with healthy control subjects. Specifically, children in the control group showed significant right more than left differences across the hemispheres, whereas no significant asymmetry in frontal hemispher ...
... showed attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry and smaller total brain and cerebral volumes compared with healthy control subjects. Specifically, children in the control group showed significant right more than left differences across the hemispheres, whereas no significant asymmetry in frontal hemispher ...
Hippocampal contributions to language
... in the past five years and I wouldn’t be any where near the person/scientist/teacher that I am today without her. I would also like to thank the members of my thesis committee, Daniel Tranel, Neal Cohen, Steven Anderson, Michelle Voss and Kristine Williams for their helpful contributions to shaping ...
... in the past five years and I wouldn’t be any where near the person/scientist/teacher that I am today without her. I would also like to thank the members of my thesis committee, Daniel Tranel, Neal Cohen, Steven Anderson, Michelle Voss and Kristine Williams for their helpful contributions to shaping ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... example, in the 1920s, Karl Lashley carried out systematic lesions of the cerebral cortex of rats that had learned maze navigation to search for brain areas that, when removed, would affect the learned task. He did not identify a particular area that was necessary for memory; instead, task performan ...
... example, in the 1920s, Karl Lashley carried out systematic lesions of the cerebral cortex of rats that had learned maze navigation to search for brain areas that, when removed, would affect the learned task. He did not identify a particular area that was necessary for memory; instead, task performan ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... Executive functions are important when speaking about memory functioning and performance. Executive functions is a broad term involving mechanisms such as coordination, monitoring, selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important fo ...
... Executive functions are important when speaking about memory functioning and performance. Executive functions is a broad term involving mechanisms such as coordination, monitoring, selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important fo ...
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
... WH developed severe memory impairment during March 25–30, 1986, at the age of 63. His wife reported that on the evening of March 25, 1986, he appeared tired and withdrawn. Although he seemed strained and looked ashen, he nevertheless went to work the next day. That evening he admitted to his wife th ...
... WH developed severe memory impairment during March 25–30, 1986, at the age of 63. His wife reported that on the evening of March 25, 1986, he appeared tired and withdrawn. Although he seemed strained and looked ashen, he nevertheless went to work the next day. That evening he admitted to his wife th ...
More is Better: The Effects of Multiple Repetitions on Implicit Memory
... from two prior experiments completed 12 and 18 months earlier. Participants in the previous studies (Reder et al., 1998, Experiments 1 and 2) had been presented with a sequence of high- and low-frequency words in a continuous recognition paradigm (see Shepard and Teghtsoonian, 1961) wherein on the f ...
... from two prior experiments completed 12 and 18 months earlier. Participants in the previous studies (Reder et al., 1998, Experiments 1 and 2) had been presented with a sequence of high- and low-frequency words in a continuous recognition paradigm (see Shepard and Teghtsoonian, 1961) wherein on the f ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... of rewards and goal-directed behaviors: prototypical paradigms for testing hippocampal memories in animals are remembering where in a maze or underneath which object a food reward can be found. In such situations, neurons in the hippocampus respond to the received reward, and not only to the locatio ...
... of rewards and goal-directed behaviors: prototypical paradigms for testing hippocampal memories in animals are remembering where in a maze or underneath which object a food reward can be found. In such situations, neurons in the hippocampus respond to the received reward, and not only to the locatio ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... Molly J. Goodfellow, Khalid A. Abdulla, and Derick H. Lindquist ...
... Molly J. Goodfellow, Khalid A. Abdulla, and Derick H. Lindquist ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... However, studies using nonhuman primates have contributed significantly to our understanding of prefrontal functions and their neural mechanisms. Since Jacobsen (1936) [14] first reported that rhesus monkeys with bilateral prefrontal lesions exhibited severe and long-lasting impairment of delayed-re ...
... However, studies using nonhuman primates have contributed significantly to our understanding of prefrontal functions and their neural mechanisms. Since Jacobsen (1936) [14] first reported that rhesus monkeys with bilateral prefrontal lesions exhibited severe and long-lasting impairment of delayed-re ...
Matlin, Cognition, 7e, Chapter 8: General Knowledge
... 3. Every new piece of information you learn will change the strength of connections among relevant units by adjusting the connection weights. 4. Sometimes we have only partial memory for some information, rather than complete, perfect memory. The brain’s ability to provide partial memory is called g ...
... 3. Every new piece of information you learn will change the strength of connections among relevant units by adjusting the connection weights. 4. Sometimes we have only partial memory for some information, rather than complete, perfect memory. The brain’s ability to provide partial memory is called g ...
Program - Albion
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... typical design of most other insect olfactory systems — its antennal lobe has about 10 times as many but smaller glomeruli and, correspondingly, its projection neurons have their dendrites in several of these glomeruli — it is worth noting the electrophysiological properties of projection neurons an ...
... typical design of most other insect olfactory systems — its antennal lobe has about 10 times as many but smaller glomeruli and, correspondingly, its projection neurons have their dendrites in several of these glomeruli — it is worth noting the electrophysiological properties of projection neurons an ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... and registered as a memory trace – a process referred to as acquisition. Following acquisition, memories either undergo a process of consolidation (enhancement and/or stabilization for long-term storage) or are forgotten. Forgetting can be thought of as a process that acts in opposition to consolida ...
... and registered as a memory trace – a process referred to as acquisition. Following acquisition, memories either undergo a process of consolidation (enhancement and/or stabilization for long-term storage) or are forgotten. Forgetting can be thought of as a process that acts in opposition to consolida ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
1 Prenatal Nicotine Exposure as a Teratogen in
... 4% children have the disorder (247). Bohlin and Rodriguez further state that nicotine has been found to cause dysfunction of the dopaminergic system in a similar manner of those with ADHD. Specifically, previous work on rodents showed that the neurological damage, such as increased emotionality an ...
... 4% children have the disorder (247). Bohlin and Rodriguez further state that nicotine has been found to cause dysfunction of the dopaminergic system in a similar manner of those with ADHD. Specifically, previous work on rodents showed that the neurological damage, such as increased emotionality an ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that experience-related changes in information processing functions can occur everywhere in the ...
... functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that experience-related changes in information processing functions can occur everywhere in the ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... performance on neurobehavioral tests, particularly on tests of attention, fine motor function, language, visual-spatial abilities (e.g., drawing) and memory. These children will likely have to struggle to keep up in school and might require remedial classes or special education.3 Methylmercury expos ...
... performance on neurobehavioral tests, particularly on tests of attention, fine motor function, language, visual-spatial abilities (e.g., drawing) and memory. These children will likely have to struggle to keep up in school and might require remedial classes or special education.3 Methylmercury expos ...
Relationship Between Serum BDNF Levels and Cognitive Functions
... BDNF levels and attention and memory performances for patients with depression. It was determined that elevated morning baseline cortisol levels affected attention negatively. There was no correlation between serum BDNF levels and morning cortisol levels. ...
... BDNF levels and attention and memory performances for patients with depression. It was determined that elevated morning baseline cortisol levels affected attention negatively. There was no correlation between serum BDNF levels and morning cortisol levels. ...
Memory consolidation in humans: new evidence and opportunities
... In an MVPA analysis, an fMRI data set is split into two; one part is set aside, and the other is used to train a computer algorithm, or classifier, to learn over multiple trials the patterns of activity across voxels that are associated with specific stimuli. The classifier is then applied to the da ...
... In an MVPA analysis, an fMRI data set is split into two; one part is set aside, and the other is used to train a computer algorithm, or classifier, to learn over multiple trials the patterns of activity across voxels that are associated with specific stimuli. The classifier is then applied to the da ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... ron, in actuality there may be hundreds of neurons involved in the learning process (2). Even so, the ability to isolate individual neurons and synapses in culture and in the organism itself has made the study of Aplysia particularly fruitful for understanding the cellular mechanisms of learning. A ...
... ron, in actuality there may be hundreds of neurons involved in the learning process (2). Even so, the ability to isolate individual neurons and synapses in culture and in the organism itself has made the study of Aplysia particularly fruitful for understanding the cellular mechanisms of learning. A ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... on cellular effects of acetylcholine obtained in brain slice preparations. The hippocampal slice preparation has been used to explore how acetylcholine influences cellular physiology. Similar effects have been found in another three-layered cortical structure: the piriform cortex. The network models ...
... on cellular effects of acetylcholine obtained in brain slice preparations. The hippocampal slice preparation has been used to explore how acetylcholine influences cellular physiology. Similar effects have been found in another three-layered cortical structure: the piriform cortex. The network models ...
Prenatal memory
Prenatal memory, also called fetal memory, is important for the development of memory in humans. Many factors can impair fetal memory and its functions, primarily maternal actions. There are multiple techniques available not only to demonstrate the existence of fetal memory but to measure it. Fetal memory is vulnerable to certain diseases so much so that exposure can permanently damage the development of the fetus and even terminate the pregnancy by aborting the fetus. Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems. As shown here, certain uses of these substances can entail long-term permanent effects on the fetus that can carry into his or her lifespan. Fetal memory is thus critical to survival of the infant and serves many purposes.