A review of structure and tectonics of Kutch basin, western
... different groups of basic and ultramafic rocks are suggestive of different phases of igneous activity, viz. synrift stage, post-rift thermotectonic stage and inversion stage. During the earlier rift stage, mantle-derived ultramafic rocks might have intruded as the upper lithosphere was sheared by di ...
... different groups of basic and ultramafic rocks are suggestive of different phases of igneous activity, viz. synrift stage, post-rift thermotectonic stage and inversion stage. During the earlier rift stage, mantle-derived ultramafic rocks might have intruded as the upper lithosphere was sheared by di ...
The Western Sea: Atlantic History before Columbus Donna A. Vinson
... commercial and cultural ties, consists of the North Atlantic expeditions of fifteenth-century British mariners. The Norse exploration and colonization of earlier centuries had transformed the North Atlantic into tangible, navigable space, but it was an expanse that had either been forgotten or was l ...
... commercial and cultural ties, consists of the North Atlantic expeditions of fifteenth-century British mariners. The Norse exploration and colonization of earlier centuries had transformed the North Atlantic into tangible, navigable space, but it was an expanse that had either been forgotten or was l ...
Geologic Provinces of the Caribbean Region
... position relative to island arc volcanoes indicates WadatiBenioff Zones dipping eastward beneath Central America and westward beneath the Lesser Antilles. Detailed marine and terrestrial studies have considerably refined this general picture, although there are considerable differences of opinion ab ...
... position relative to island arc volcanoes indicates WadatiBenioff Zones dipping eastward beneath Central America and westward beneath the Lesser Antilles. Detailed marine and terrestrial studies have considerably refined this general picture, although there are considerable differences of opinion ab ...
Post-Laramide and pre-Basin and Range deformation and
... was related to NNE and NNW oriented dextral strike-slip faults. These faults were combined with NW–SE en echelon faulting in these blocks through which plutonism and volcanism occurred. The second event lasted from early Oligocene to early Miocene and coincided with Basin and Range extension. Intens ...
... was related to NNE and NNW oriented dextral strike-slip faults. These faults were combined with NW–SE en echelon faulting in these blocks through which plutonism and volcanism occurred. The second event lasted from early Oligocene to early Miocene and coincided with Basin and Range extension. Intens ...
Chapter 13—Mesozoic Events
... requisite compression. Older lateral strike-slip faults and reverse faults provided sites for reactivation of crustal movement during rifting. 3. The Sevier orogeny involved basement crystalline rocks which were displaced laterally along imbricate thrust faults. These low-angle features represent a ...
... requisite compression. Older lateral strike-slip faults and reverse faults provided sites for reactivation of crustal movement during rifting. 3. The Sevier orogeny involved basement crystalline rocks which were displaced laterally along imbricate thrust faults. These low-angle features represent a ...
Mesozoic sediments and structures onshore Norway and in the
... consists of a series of thick, upward-coarsening sequences assigned to the Sassendalen and Kapp Toscana groups. The coastal sediments of the Sassendalen Group grade eastwards and southwards into shelf mudstones, and in the southwestern Barents Shelf, shallow to deep shelf sediments were deposited. T ...
... consists of a series of thick, upward-coarsening sequences assigned to the Sassendalen and Kapp Toscana groups. The coastal sediments of the Sassendalen Group grade eastwards and southwards into shelf mudstones, and in the southwestern Barents Shelf, shallow to deep shelf sediments were deposited. T ...
- BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online
... system was controlled by the Cretaceous to Neogene subduction and collision of Africa with Eurasia, especially by Adria that generated the Alps to the north, the Dinaride-Hellenide belt to the east and caused extrusion, collision and inversion tectonics in the CPR. This long-lived subduction system ...
... system was controlled by the Cretaceous to Neogene subduction and collision of Africa with Eurasia, especially by Adria that generated the Alps to the north, the Dinaride-Hellenide belt to the east and caused extrusion, collision and inversion tectonics in the CPR. This long-lived subduction system ...
Up to 45000 Feet of Differential Vertical Tectonics
... The few erosional remnants that are left on top of the granitic mountains give proof that sedimentary rocks once covered the area of the current mountain range before it was uplifted (Figure 6.3). The differential vertical tectonics likely initiated the erosion of the Beartooth and Bighorn Mountains ...
... The few erosional remnants that are left on top of the granitic mountains give proof that sedimentary rocks once covered the area of the current mountain range before it was uplifted (Figure 6.3). The differential vertical tectonics likely initiated the erosion of the Beartooth and Bighorn Mountains ...
Toward a Blue Cultural Studies: The Sea, Maritime Culture, and
... has ancient roots. Plato in the Laws celebrates the location of a new city 11 miles inland: had the city been on the sea … no human power could have preserved you from corruption. Even the distance of eleven miles is hardly enough. For the sea, although an agreeable, is a dangerous companion, and a ...
... has ancient roots. Plato in the Laws celebrates the location of a new city 11 miles inland: had the city been on the sea … no human power could have preserved you from corruption. Even the distance of eleven miles is hardly enough. For the sea, although an agreeable, is a dangerous companion, and a ...
Permian Cyclic Strata, Northern Midland and Delaware Basins, West
... light-colored, dolomitized micritic and micritic-skeletal limestone. Vugs filled with anhydrite are perhaps the most striking characteristic of these shallow-water carbonate rocks. Varicolored shale, siltstone, and sandstone beds commonly intercalated with evaporite beds constitute shelf clastic roc ...
... light-colored, dolomitized micritic and micritic-skeletal limestone. Vugs filled with anhydrite are perhaps the most striking characteristic of these shallow-water carbonate rocks. Varicolored shale, siltstone, and sandstone beds commonly intercalated with evaporite beds constitute shelf clastic roc ...
Chapter 11—Late Paleozoic Events
... contains uranium and had been found to be 350 million years old. It is rich in finely disseminated pyrite and organic matter. It is black or dark gray and contains few, if any, fossils of bottom-dwelling invertebrates. These characteristics indicate that the Chattanooga accumulated in stagnant, oxyg ...
... contains uranium and had been found to be 350 million years old. It is rich in finely disseminated pyrite and organic matter. It is black or dark gray and contains few, if any, fossils of bottom-dwelling invertebrates. These characteristics indicate that the Chattanooga accumulated in stagnant, oxyg ...
View PDF - Cengage
... The other was doubling the size of the landmass of Kenoraland by collisional plate tectonics, creating a new continent called Laurentia. Both events are recorded in the rocks of the Western Superior Basin. The former event is preserved in the great banded iron formations (BIF’S) of the Mesabi Range ...
... The other was doubling the size of the landmass of Kenoraland by collisional plate tectonics, creating a new continent called Laurentia. Both events are recorded in the rocks of the Western Superior Basin. The former event is preserved in the great banded iron formations (BIF’S) of the Mesabi Range ...
Origin of marginal basins of the NW Pacific and their plate tectonic
... and (3) the shortening deficits in the Large Tibetan Plateau. All the three aspects indicate that there was a large amount (1000 to 1200 km) of northward motion of the South China block and compatible movements of other blocks in eastern Eurasia during the rifting period of the basin system. Such a l ...
... and (3) the shortening deficits in the Large Tibetan Plateau. All the three aspects indicate that there was a large amount (1000 to 1200 km) of northward motion of the South China block and compatible movements of other blocks in eastern Eurasia during the rifting period of the basin system. Such a l ...
Subsidence in intracontinental basins due to dynamic topography
... supercontinents assemble, they insulate the mantle and isolate it from subduction (Anderson, 1994; Davies, 1999). Subsequent dispersal moves the continental fragments relative to mantle convection patterns towards the subduction zones, where they spend a prolonged period of time over downwelling oce ...
... supercontinents assemble, they insulate the mantle and isolate it from subduction (Anderson, 1994; Davies, 1999). Subsequent dispersal moves the continental fragments relative to mantle convection patterns towards the subduction zones, where they spend a prolonged period of time over downwelling oce ...
a world ocean mediterranean - Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
... while accurately depicting direction, distorts shapes and sizes and is not always the best projection with which to view the world. New projections with an eye to the sea will be proposed to illustrate the World Ocean Mediterranean idea. The World Ocean does after all cover 71 percent of the earth’s ...
... while accurately depicting direction, distorts shapes and sizes and is not always the best projection with which to view the world. New projections with an eye to the sea will be proposed to illustrate the World Ocean Mediterranean idea. The World Ocean does after all cover 71 percent of the earth’s ...
Group7new - Stanford Exploration Project
... • The presence of salt also effects the maturation process of hydrocarbons due to its very high thermal conductivity. ...
... • The presence of salt also effects the maturation process of hydrocarbons due to its very high thermal conductivity. ...
tethyan evolution of turkey: a plate tectonic approach
... Peninsula (Asia Minor). Turkey is an ideal location in which to study the relationships of the Palaeo- and the Neo-Tethyan systems, not only because both are well-developed, but also because despite the very intense collisional events that accompanied the closure of Neo-Tethys, pre-Neo-Tethyan-openi ...
... Peninsula (Asia Minor). Turkey is an ideal location in which to study the relationships of the Palaeo- and the Neo-Tethyan systems, not only because both are well-developed, but also because despite the very intense collisional events that accompanied the closure of Neo-Tethys, pre-Neo-Tethyan-openi ...
Bowser and Sustut Basins - state of knowledge and new initiatives
... The youngest rocks deformed below the sub-Sustut angular unconformity are Oxfordian. The youngest deformed rocks in the fold belt are late Early Maastrichtian age (Brothers Peak Fm). ...
... The youngest rocks deformed below the sub-Sustut angular unconformity are Oxfordian. The youngest deformed rocks in the fold belt are late Early Maastrichtian age (Brothers Peak Fm). ...
Field guide
... northern Mexico. Moreover, rift-related sedimentary and volcanic deposits are found outside of the valleys, and basin boundaries do not always conform to valley margins. Thus, the names and extents of basins and subbasins of the rift are inconsistently depicted in the literature. Some workers use on ...
... northern Mexico. Moreover, rift-related sedimentary and volcanic deposits are found outside of the valleys, and basin boundaries do not always conform to valley margins. Thus, the names and extents of basins and subbasins of the rift are inconsistently depicted in the literature. Some workers use on ...
Coolbaugh, M.F., Arehart, G.B., Faulds, J.E., and Garside, L.J., 2005
... power, and significant increases in power production are expected as additional plants come on line. Many geothermal systems in western North America derive their heat from magmas or cooling intrusions that occur in variety of tectonic settings, including a triple junction, volcanic arc, hot spot, a ...
... power, and significant increases in power production are expected as additional plants come on line. Many geothermal systems in western North America derive their heat from magmas or cooling intrusions that occur in variety of tectonic settings, including a triple junction, volcanic arc, hot spot, a ...
(a) Continental Margins
... deepest places in Earth’s crust, 3 to 6 kilometers (1.9 to 3.7 miles) deeper than the adjacent basin floor. The ocean’s greatest depth is the Mariana Trench where the depth reaches 11,022 meters (36,163 miles) below sea level. ...
... deepest places in Earth’s crust, 3 to 6 kilometers (1.9 to 3.7 miles) deeper than the adjacent basin floor. The ocean’s greatest depth is the Mariana Trench where the depth reaches 11,022 meters (36,163 miles) below sea level. ...
3D restoration of a Cretaceous rift basin in Kilen, eastern North
... deformed by minor antithetic faulting. Minimum offsets on exposed normal faults are between 780 and 1200 m, and the fault blocks are between 1.5 and more than 10 km in width. The restoration and interpretation of the Cretaceous basin at Kilen as extensional opens for a similar interpretation for NNW ...
... deformed by minor antithetic faulting. Minimum offsets on exposed normal faults are between 780 and 1200 m, and the fault blocks are between 1.5 and more than 10 km in width. The restoration and interpretation of the Cretaceous basin at Kilen as extensional opens for a similar interpretation for NNW ...
The Almeria-Nijar Basin
... Magmas that come directly from the partial melting of rocks at depth are called primary magmas. Sometimes they reach the surface straight away, however, it is more common that they remain static at different levels within the mantle and the continental crust, forming magmatic chambers. In such a sit ...
... Magmas that come directly from the partial melting of rocks at depth are called primary magmas. Sometimes they reach the surface straight away, however, it is more common that they remain static at different levels within the mantle and the continental crust, forming magmatic chambers. In such a sit ...
The Geologic Enigma of the Red Sea Rift
... beginning 25 Ma ago and 62 km left lateral motion along the Dead Sea shear, and a second cycle of seafloor spreading in the Red Sea that began about 5 Ma ago with a further 45 km movement along the Dead Sea shear. In a combined study of gravity, magnetic and seismic refraction data from the southeas ...
... beginning 25 Ma ago and 62 km left lateral motion along the Dead Sea shear, and a second cycle of seafloor spreading in the Red Sea that began about 5 Ma ago with a further 45 km movement along the Dead Sea shear. In a combined study of gravity, magnetic and seismic refraction data from the southeas ...
Chapter 04
... water (blue arrows) is heated as it descends toward the hot magma chamber, leaching sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, and other materials from the surrounding rocks. The heated water (red arrows) returning to the surface carries these elements upward, discharging them at hydrothermal springs on the seaflo ...
... water (blue arrows) is heated as it descends toward the hot magma chamber, leaching sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, and other materials from the surrounding rocks. The heated water (red arrows) returning to the surface carries these elements upward, discharging them at hydrothermal springs on the seaflo ...
Messinian salinity crisis
The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), also referred to as the Messinian Event, and in its latest stage as the Lago Mare event, was a geological event during which the Mediterranean Sea went into a cycle of partly or nearly complete desiccation throughout the latter part of the Messinian age of the Miocene epoch, from 5.96 to 5.33 Ma (million years ago). It ended with the Zanclean flood, when the Atlantic reclaimed the basin.Sediment samples from below the deep seafloor of the Mediterranean Sea, which include evaporite minerals, soils, and fossil plants, show that, about 5.96 million years ago in the late Miocene period, the precursor of the Strait of Gibraltar closed tight and the Mediterranean Sea, for the first time and then repeatedly, partially desiccated. The strait closed 5.6 Ma for the last time and, because of the generally dry climate conditions, within a millennium the Mediterranean basin nearly completely dried out, evaporating into a deep dry basin bottoming at some places 3 to 5 km (1.9 to 3.1 mi) below the world ocean level, with a few hypersaline Dead Sea-like pockets. Around 5.5 Ma, less dry climatic conditions allowed the basin to resume receiving more fresh water from rivers, with pockets of Caspian-like brackish waters getting progressively less hyper-saline, until the Strait of Gibraltar finally reopened 5.33 Ma with the Zanclean flood.Even now the Mediterranean is saltier than the North Atlantic because of its near isolation by the Strait of Gibraltar and its high rate of evaporation. If the Strait of Gibraltar closes again, which is likely to happen in the near geological future (though extremely distantly on a human time scale), the Mediterranean would mostly evaporate in about a thousand years. After that, continued northward movement of Africa may obliterate the Mediterranean: see Mediterranean Ridge.