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Notes
Notes

... Chromosome packing at the molecular level. So how does the DNA fit? The DNA is wound around a series of very basic (positive) proteins called histones. These proteins are small with lots of lysine and arginine residues, giving them a high pI (~12) and lots of positive charges at pH 7. There are 5 se ...
Unit E - Images
Unit E - Images

... a. visible after 30-60 mins b. red cells settle and skin below turns red c. in 6-10 hours, color becomes permanent ...
MASTER SYLLABUS
MASTER SYLLABUS

... describe sex determination systems and the structure of sex chromosomes. describe the different types of chromosome mutations. recognize sequence variations that occur within eukaryotic chromosomes. recognize that linked genes do not display independent assortment. explain how crossing over produces ...
Genetics Review Sheet
Genetics Review Sheet

...  Be able to compare and contrast the two processes in detail.  Why do they need to be different? SEX CHROMOSOMES and SEX-LINKED TRAITS Resources: Notes in Journal  What sex chromosomes does a male have? Female?  Can you do a Punnett square that shows the probability of having a boy or girl or a ...
Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide – IB Biology 2013
Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide – IB Biology 2013

File
File

... Diabetics do not make sufficient amounts of insulin. Diabetics may be required to take insulin injections. Using restriction enzymes, the gene for synthesizing insulin is cleaved out of DNA and inserted into the DNA plasmid of a nonharmful bacteria. DNA ligase is added to the bacteria. The bacteria ...
1 The structure and replication of DNA
1 The structure and replication of DNA

... (i) Organisation of DNA in different organisms - Prokaryotes are a domain of organisms comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membranebound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organised into chromosomes. - Eukaryotes are a doma ...
3.3.1: How is DNA Passed Through the Generations?
3.3.1: How is DNA Passed Through the Generations?

... o DNA replicates so that there are two copies. o DNA condenses into a compact form called chromosomes. Each chromosome contains two identical copies of DNA called sister chromatids. ...
mutation - ahsbognasbi4u
mutation - ahsbognasbi4u

... World map of human migrations, with the North Pole at center. Migration patterns are based on studies of mitochondrial (matrilinear) DNA. Dashed lines are hypothetical migrations. Numbers represent thousand years before present, with 2-4% mutation rate per 1 million years. ...
Transduction
Transduction

... • Prototroph: “original” and “feed”, a wild type strain, one able to synthesize all needed compounds from a simple carbon source such as glucose. • Auxotroph: a mutant that has lost the ability to make some necessary organic compound; it must be added to the culture medium. • Bacteria show horizonta ...
Top epigenetics articles | October 2014
Top epigenetics articles | October 2014

... ...
BIOLOGY Cells Unit GUIDE SHEET
BIOLOGY Cells Unit GUIDE SHEET

... 1. Describe the overall shape of the DNA molecule (pages 186-187). ...
Key ideas age 321 ivaniaa
Key ideas age 321 ivaniaa

... 2. List the kinds of mutations? mutations as change in DNA point mutation A. Insertion or deletion. B. Mutations as changes in results of gene. C. Silent mutation. D. Messene mutation. E. Frameshipft mutation. F. Nonsense mutation. G. More or fewer amino acids. H. Chromosomal mutation. I. Detection. ...
ESSAY 1: CONCEPTION
ESSAY 1: CONCEPTION

... DNA is simply like an algorithm that codes for how we react to stimuli. The stimuli itself may be different and our environment, or how we are nurtured, also has a great impact on our lives. However, there may be something beyond DNA that controls us; our minds and our spirits have the power to over ...
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

... WATSON & CRICK’S DOUBLE HELIX: In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick suggested the model for the structure of DNA. This shape is called a double helix. ...
T. Hill
T. Hill

... •Standards (red to yellow) with known numbers of copies of a gene are used to generate a standard curve •The number of gene copies in an unknown (blue) can then be calculated ...
Name
Name

... B. DNA Replication: If the DNA sequence is AGTCCT, what would be the newly replicated sequence? ___________________________ What enzyme is responsible for this process? Where does this occur? __________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ...
From Gene to Protein—Transcription and Translation
From Gene to Protein—Transcription and Translation

... 1. What is a gene? State the definition, and give some examples of genes. 2. What is a protein? State the definition, and give some examples of proteins. 3. Complete the following table to summarize the basic characteristics of transcription and translation. ...
This would be given at the end of the unit
This would be given at the end of the unit

... 11. A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from two different species is called a. determinant RNA. b. recombinant DNA. c. plasmid DNA. d. restriction RNA. 12. Plasmids a. are circular pieces of bacterial DNA. b. can replicate independently of the organism’s main chromosome. c. are often used ...
File
File

The Production of a
The Production of a

... Transformation – the uptake and expression of foreign DNA by a cell Transduction – the use of viruses to transform or genetically engineer cells Endonucleases – enzymes that cut RNA or DNA at specific sites; restriction enzymes are endonucleases that cut DNA Sticky cells – restriction fragments in w ...
learning_goals_objectives
learning_goals_objectives

... 8. define transcription and briefly explain the role of RNA polymerase. 9. name at least 2 differences between DNA and RNA? 10. generate a complementary strand of RNA when given the template strand of DNA 11. define translation with reference to the roles of mRNA and tRNA. 12. translate a sequence o ...
Mutation
Mutation

... Mutations affect the organisms phenotype, depending on the location of the change. Overview There are many ways (mechanisms) by which genetic change can occur. Mutation is a catch-all category for any form of change in DNA sequence. The textbook has subdivided mechanisms of DNA change into 4 broad c ...
Ch. 6 Section 1 Active Reading/Quiz
Ch. 6 Section 1 Active Reading/Quiz

... A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule. A single molecule of DNA has thousands of genes lined up like the cars of a train. When genes are being used, the strand of DNA is stretched out so that the information it contains can be decoded and used to direct the synthesis of ...
Structure of the Genome
Structure of the Genome

... Chromosome packing at the molecular level. So how does the DNA fit? The DNA is wound around a series of very basic (positive) proteins called histones. These proteins are small with lots of lysine and arginine residues, giving them a high pI (~12) and lots of positive charges at pH 7. There are 5 se ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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