13.2 abbreviated Interactive Text
... How are DNA fragments connected to a carrier? Organisms do not easily accept loose fragments of DNA from other organisms. For this reason, the DNA fragment needs a carrier to take it into the host cell. This is Step 2. In our example, the firefly DNA gets inserted into the carrier or vector DNA. A v ...
... How are DNA fragments connected to a carrier? Organisms do not easily accept loose fragments of DNA from other organisms. For this reason, the DNA fragment needs a carrier to take it into the host cell. This is Step 2. In our example, the firefly DNA gets inserted into the carrier or vector DNA. A v ...
IntroducTon to Biological sequences
... DNA's Double Helix. DNA molecules are found inside the cell's nucleus, tightly packed into chromosomes. Scientists use the term "double helix" to describe DNA's winding, two-stranded chemical structure. Alternating sugar and phosphate groups form the helix's two parallel strands, which run in opposi ...
... DNA's Double Helix. DNA molecules are found inside the cell's nucleus, tightly packed into chromosomes. Scientists use the term "double helix" to describe DNA's winding, two-stranded chemical structure. Alternating sugar and phosphate groups form the helix's two parallel strands, which run in opposi ...
slides
... • Bacterial genomes are streamlined, genes are closely packed with relatively little spacer DNA and few introns • Mammalian genome contains enormous amounts of nongene DNA including introns, spacer DNA between genes and various types of repetitive DNA sequences with similarities to transposons. Also ...
... • Bacterial genomes are streamlined, genes are closely packed with relatively little spacer DNA and few introns • Mammalian genome contains enormous amounts of nongene DNA including introns, spacer DNA between genes and various types of repetitive DNA sequences with similarities to transposons. Also ...
Bacterial Genetics
... • Reproduce asexually • However, bacterial reproduction from one cell to another by: Transformation Conjugation Transduction ...
... • Reproduce asexually • However, bacterial reproduction from one cell to another by: Transformation Conjugation Transduction ...
DNA
... • This occurs because there are various ways that chromosomes may be aligned in metaphase. All the gametes are different. ...
... • This occurs because there are various ways that chromosomes may be aligned in metaphase. All the gametes are different. ...
DNA and RNA Part 2 Protein Synthesis
... Spontaneous Mutations – a mistake in base pairing during DNA replication. It occurs at random or at any ...
... Spontaneous Mutations – a mistake in base pairing during DNA replication. It occurs at random or at any ...
Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics
... Disclaimer: Not ALL of the questions on the midterm will necessarily be found on this document, I have attempted to provide complete coverage, but it is possible to miss a question once in a while. The Study Questions you have been answering for each chapter are the basis for the midterm questions, ...
... Disclaimer: Not ALL of the questions on the midterm will necessarily be found on this document, I have attempted to provide complete coverage, but it is possible to miss a question once in a while. The Study Questions you have been answering for each chapter are the basis for the midterm questions, ...
ch4 reading guide
... 2. DNA replication occurs during ________________________ of the cell cycle. 3. As replication begins,______________________________________________ break between ______________________________________________________ 4. New nucleotides pair with __________________________________________ 5. DNA pol ...
... 2. DNA replication occurs during ________________________ of the cell cycle. 3. As replication begins,______________________________________________ break between ______________________________________________________ 4. New nucleotides pair with __________________________________________ 5. DNA pol ...
RNA
... Transcription produces three general classes* of RNA, each of which plays a role in translation (protein synthesis) * actually, there are many more classes of small RNA molecules that perform important functions in the cell, including gene regulation and RNA splicing. ...
... Transcription produces three general classes* of RNA, each of which plays a role in translation (protein synthesis) * actually, there are many more classes of small RNA molecules that perform important functions in the cell, including gene regulation and RNA splicing. ...
Transcription
... It is like DNA replication in that a DNA strand is used to synthesize a strand of mRNA. Only one strand of DNA is copied. A single gene may be transcribed thousands of times. After transcription, the DNA strands rejoin. Steps involved in transcription RNA polymerase recognizes a specific base sequen ...
... It is like DNA replication in that a DNA strand is used to synthesize a strand of mRNA. Only one strand of DNA is copied. A single gene may be transcribed thousands of times. After transcription, the DNA strands rejoin. Steps involved in transcription RNA polymerase recognizes a specific base sequen ...
A Short History of DNA Technology
... • invention of YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes) as expression vectors for large proteins ...
... • invention of YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes) as expression vectors for large proteins ...
Recombinant DNA
... • DNA technologies are used in molecular testing for many human genetic diseases • DNA fingerprinting used to identify human individuals and individuals of other species • Genetic engineering uses DNA technologies to alter the genes of a cell or organism • DNA technologies and genetic engineering ar ...
... • DNA technologies are used in molecular testing for many human genetic diseases • DNA fingerprinting used to identify human individuals and individuals of other species • Genetic engineering uses DNA technologies to alter the genes of a cell or organism • DNA technologies and genetic engineering ar ...
VII. Molecular Biology Techniques
... Northern blots allow investigators to determine the molecular weight of an mRNA and to measure relative amounts of the mRNA present in different samples. RNA (either total RNA or just mRNA) is separated by gel electrophoresis, usually an agarose gel. Because there are so many different RNA molecules ...
... Northern blots allow investigators to determine the molecular weight of an mRNA and to measure relative amounts of the mRNA present in different samples. RNA (either total RNA or just mRNA) is separated by gel electrophoresis, usually an agarose gel. Because there are so many different RNA molecules ...
13-1 The Genetic Material
... variety of bacteria had a capsule (like a cell wall) the other did not have a capsule. ...
... variety of bacteria had a capsule (like a cell wall) the other did not have a capsule. ...
Effects of mutations
... • Humans were first thought to function with 100,000 genes and now the number has dropped to ~35,000 genes although this is still a hot topic in research ...
... • Humans were first thought to function with 100,000 genes and now the number has dropped to ~35,000 genes although this is still a hot topic in research ...
Recombinant DNA Technology - BLI-Research-Synbio
... sites in the center of the chromosome. • Chromosomes are then packaged with ...
... sites in the center of the chromosome. • Chromosomes are then packaged with ...
Chapter 14
... A. There are roughly 6 billion base pairs in your DNA. B. Biologists search the human genome using sequences of DNA bases C. DNA testing can pinpoint the exact genetic basis of a disorder. DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but vary widely from one indi ...
... A. There are roughly 6 billion base pairs in your DNA. B. Biologists search the human genome using sequences of DNA bases C. DNA testing can pinpoint the exact genetic basis of a disorder. DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but vary widely from one indi ...
Chapter 20
... normally in mitosis and clone the foreign DNA as the cell divides. The YAC is a lot longer than a plasmid, and it is more likely to contain the entire gene rather than a portion of it. Eukaryotic cells are desired because prokaryotic cells cannot modify the proteins after they have been expressed. ...
... normally in mitosis and clone the foreign DNA as the cell divides. The YAC is a lot longer than a plasmid, and it is more likely to contain the entire gene rather than a portion of it. Eukaryotic cells are desired because prokaryotic cells cannot modify the proteins after they have been expressed. ...
1.1 Biological Background
... a certain amino acid (see below). In eukaryotes, the mRNA is formed of coding and noncoding regions. Coding regions are the regions used to carry real genetic information. Non coding regions do not carry such information (see below). The coding regions are called exons, since they are able to leave ...
... a certain amino acid (see below). In eukaryotes, the mRNA is formed of coding and noncoding regions. Coding regions are the regions used to carry real genetic information. Non coding regions do not carry such information (see below). The coding regions are called exons, since they are able to leave ...
Teaching DNA, Proteins, and Protein Synthesis
... amino acids and LEGO nucleotides in color scheme, so multi-media activities reinforce each other. ...
... amino acids and LEGO nucleotides in color scheme, so multi-media activities reinforce each other. ...
Genetics 314 – Spring 2007
... now there are RNA nucleotides in the DNA and one of the strands is not a continuous piece of DNA but is a series of short pieces. What is wrong now?, why do you have pieces?, and how would you correct the problem? If DNA still has RNA nucleotides present within the strand it means that DNA pol I is ...
... now there are RNA nucleotides in the DNA and one of the strands is not a continuous piece of DNA but is a series of short pieces. What is wrong now?, why do you have pieces?, and how would you correct the problem? If DNA still has RNA nucleotides present within the strand it means that DNA pol I is ...
CHNOPS- Simulating Protein Synthesis
... place. The code, in DNA or mRNA, specifies the order in which the amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mRNA, however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) is needed to bring the mRNA and amino ...
... place. The code, in DNA or mRNA, specifies the order in which the amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mRNA, however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) is needed to bring the mRNA and amino ...
Nucleic Acid Structure:
... replicated as a unit. ! And when the replication forks move around the circle, the bacterial chromosome is a single replicon, the forks meet on the other side and two separate chromosomes are released. ...
... replicated as a unit. ! And when the replication forks move around the circle, the bacterial chromosome is a single replicon, the forks meet on the other side and two separate chromosomes are released. ...
DNA supercoil
DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.