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level one science: biology
level one science: biology

... I know the four letters used for the bases (A, T, C and G) and which bases pair up together on opposite strands of DNA. I can describe the structure of DNA by including the terms: sugar, phosphate, base and nucleotide. I can define and distinguish between DNA, chromosomes, genes and alleles. I can e ...
Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Nucleic Acid Chemistry

“Ancient” Viruses
“Ancient” Viruses

... Characteristics of the Adenovirus DNA Genome  Linear, double stranded DNA genome is about 36 kb.  Terminal inverted repeats (100 to 140 bp) have several functions 1) Contain origins of replication (Ori) at the 3’ termini. 2) Can mediate circularization during DNA replication.  A 5’ terminal prot ...
Final Exam Summer 04
Final Exam Summer 04

... Name 5 proteins or enzymes required for replication in E. coli. Then briefly sketch and explain why the "trombone model" is a necessary part of genomic replication in E. coli. ...
Homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes

... show the trait) or they don’t. Males only get 1 X, so whatever they inherit on that 1 X is what you see. ...
MUTATIONS - Valhalla High School
MUTATIONS - Valhalla High School

... • There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: – Mutations can be inherited. • Parent to child ...
Practice Benchmark I Page 1 of 12 Directions: Please choose the
Practice Benchmark I Page 1 of 12 Directions: Please choose the

... Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 35. In cells of all organisms, adenine and thymine are in equal amounts while guanine and cytosine are in equal amounts. If cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in DNA, what percent will be thymine? A. 12 B. 24 ...
APPLICATION OF mtDNA TECHNOLOGY IN FORENSIC SCIENCE
APPLICATION OF mtDNA TECHNOLOGY IN FORENSIC SCIENCE

CLARK LAP Wednesday March 26 2014 STRAWBERRY DNA
CLARK LAP Wednesday March 26 2014 STRAWBERRY DNA

... through the cheesecloth and into the tall glass until there is very little liquid left in the funnel (only wet pulp remains). How does the filtered strawberry liquid look? • Pour the filtered strawberry liquid from the tall glass into the small glass jar so that the jar is one quarter full. • Measur ...
Genomic Digital Signal Processing
Genomic Digital Signal Processing

... The same gene can code for different proteins. This happens by joining the exons of a gene in different ways. This is called alternative splicing. Alternative splicing seems to be one of the main purposes for which the genes in eucaryotes are split into exons. The mRNA obtained after splicing is uni ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... Tandemly repeated DNA • Short sequence motifs tandemly repeated many hundreds or thousands of times; termed satellite DNA, is located mainly in regions of heterochromatin and consists of motifs from 2 bp up to 40 kb in length. • The α-satellite of primates is based on a 171 bp sequence; for hundred ...
Lesson 3 | DNA and Genetics
Lesson 3 | DNA and Genetics

... has just been created from those bases that will be used to make part of a protein. Write the letters of the corresponding RNA bases on each line provided. (Remember that in RNA, U takes the place of T.) ...
Genetics Study Guide Chapter 11, 13, 14
Genetics Study Guide Chapter 11, 13, 14

... Reading a DNA sequence, editing a DNA sequence, and reinserting DNA into living organisms are all techniques involved in what process? The use of nucleotides, gels, and fluorescent dyes are important in what technique? Suppose a restriction enzyme recognizes the eight base sequence TTGACTAA AACTGATT ...
1 •Mitosis •Meiosis •Sex and Genetic Variability •Cloning
1 •Mitosis •Meiosis •Sex and Genetic Variability •Cloning

... • Cloned body parts (directed, in vitro, development of a heart for example) • Elimination of genetic diseases • Males no longer needed by society - but what would that mean for genetic ...
Exam Procedures
Exam Procedures

...  Read  each  question  very  carefully.    Choose  the  single,  best  answer  and  mark  this  answer  on  your answer sheet.  No points will be added for correct answers which appear on the exam page  but not on the answer sheet.    Cell phones must be off (not on vibrate) and stored with your b ...
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering

... often need to make many copies of a particular gene. • A technique known as ...
Genetics of bacteria
Genetics of bacteria

... of approximately 1.35 mm, several hundred times longer than the bacterial cell, but the DNA is supercoiled and tightly packaged in the bacterial nucleoid. The time required for replication of the entire chromosome is about 40 minutes, ...
Unit 2 Exam Biochem, Cell Bio, Metabolism
Unit 2 Exam Biochem, Cell Bio, Metabolism

... Describe and compare dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Give an example of a substance formed using each chemical reaction, and describe the specific reaction in each instance. Distinguish among the following: monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide. Give two examples of each and their fu ...
May 27, 2017 The Difference Makers
May 27, 2017 The Difference Makers

... 4. Would evolution still happen if there were no transposons, retrotransposons or retroviruses messing with the genome? [Yes, but it would probably be slower, relying on ordinary mutations that arise during DNA replication when cells divide or genetic recombination of chromosomes in a new generati ...
Cross-Curricular Discussion
Cross-Curricular Discussion

... 4. Would evolution still happen if there were no transposons, retrotransposons or retroviruses messing with the genome? [Yes, but it would probably be slower, relying on ordinary mutations that arise during DNA replication when cells divide or genetic recombination of chromosomes in a new generati ...
Advances in the molecular ecology of foxes
Advances in the molecular ecology of foxes

dna extraction - Medical Research Council
dna extraction - Medical Research Council

... »» Set a timer for 5 minutes. – Use this time to discuss DNA or combine with Zebra Fish Activity Plan. »» Proceed to step 4 The soap and heat have done their job to break the cell apart and release the DNA. Now invite participants to use pipettes/droppers to add pineapple juice – this will pull away ...
Genetics 314 - Spring 2005
Genetics 314 - Spring 2005

... of the greater number of hydrogen bonds shared between G – C pairs, DNA with a high proportion of G-C pairs will require a higher temperature to denature than DNA rich in A – T pairs. While this information may be useful, it will not give you any information that could be used to identify the source ...
synopsis of recombinant dna guidelines and
synopsis of recombinant dna guidelines and

... this category are experiments in which recombinant DNA molecules derived entirely from non-viral sources are propagated in cells in tissue culture. HOWEVER, THE PI MUST CONSULT WITH THE IBC CHAIR OR THEIR DESIGNEE AND OBTAIN THEIR SIGNATURE BELOW. Research work in the Exempt category is normally car ...
Distinguishing endogenous versus exogenous DNA
Distinguishing endogenous versus exogenous DNA

... the abovementioned genes are not exclusive to blood cells, but are also found within other cell types, including skin cells. Here, a simple experimental approach is described for distinguishing endogenous versus exogenous DNA, which may help establish that DNA in the blood areas of the Shroud of Tur ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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