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Plasmid
Plasmid

... isolated from bacteria, where they appear to serve a host-defense role. The idea is that foreign DNA, for example from an infecting virus, will be chopped up and inactivated ("restricted") within the bacterium by the restriction enzyme. The substrates for restriction enzymes are more-or-less specifi ...
DNA Sequence Analysis
DNA Sequence Analysis

... accumulation of DNA sequence data has been expedited by the introduction of fluorescent sequencing technology.The output consists of a series of color-coded peaks, beneath which is a string of base symbols-the particular base shown is determined by the highest peak at that position of the trace. ...
Answer Guided Reading Questions
Answer Guided Reading Questions

... 1. Define the following terms: a. Recombinant DNA b. Genetic engineering c. Biotechnology d. Gene cloning 2. What are the two basic purposes of cloned genes? Describe at least three practical uses for cloned genes. ...
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis

... Chemical degradation of purified fragments (chemical degradation)  The single stranded DNA fragment to be sequenced is end-labeled by treatment with alkaline phosphatase to remove the 5’phosphate  It is then followed by reaction with P-labeled ATP in the presence of polynucleotide kinase, which at ...
Biotechnology_S14
Biotechnology_S14

... Therapies are still being studied. Some implants have not been successful. Instead of the stem cells developing into the cell the doctors wanted, the stem cells form something else.  Cancer cells  Bone forming instead of nervous tissue in the brain ...
DNA barcoding as a diagnostic tool DNA barcoding is a generic
DNA barcoding as a diagnostic tool DNA barcoding is a generic

... standardised genetic marker in an organism's DNA to aid species identification. The chosen marker region should reflect the target species group taxonomy and at the same time provide high variability between species with low levels of differences within the species. The first genetic marker to be de ...
AP Protein Synthesis Quiz
AP Protein Synthesis Quiz

... c. the presence of an OH group on the 2' carbon of the sugar d. nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base e. Both are found exclusively in the nucleus. 3. Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating proteins directly from the DNA is advantageous for ...
DNA_Replication 2015
DNA_Replication 2015

... Purified S “cell Extract” Proved to be DNA 1. Isolated DNA from cell Extract of S cells 2. Added DNA to live R cells= 1/104 was S colony 3. S cells and R cells remained after growth media ...
DO NOW
DO NOW

... • The purpose is to get the genetic code out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm • WHY? • So that a protein can be build which then leads to a physical trait ...
Now - Missouri State University
Now - Missouri State University

... called histones that can wind up a stretch of DNA so that the cell cannot make transcripts from it. All of the molecules that hang onto DNA, collectively known as epigenetic marks, are essential for cells to take their final form in the body. As an embryo matures, epigenetic marks in different cells ...
Forensic-identification
Forensic-identification

mb_ch10
mb_ch10

... – During translation, amino acids are assembled from information encoded in mRNA. – As the mRNA codons move through the ribosome, tRNAs add specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. – The process continues until a stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released. ...
week 13_genetic information
week 13_genetic information

... process, that allows a cell to pass copies of its genome to its descendants. Must occur before every cell division After two strands of DNA separate, each serves as template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. Biologists say that DNA replication is semiconservative replication because each ...
DNA Review Worksheet
DNA Review Worksheet

... 1. RNA polymerase (enzyme) attaches at a specific location on DNA 2. The enzyme then causes the DNA strands to separate from one another and allow one of the DNA strands to be decoded 3. mRNA nucleotides are floating around in the nucleus find their complement on the DNA stand and bond together. Thi ...
Detection of a minor contributor in a DNA sample mixture
Detection of a minor contributor in a DNA sample mixture

... the true minor donor alleles. Fig. 1 shows an example of a mixture sample in which four minor donor alleles were detected. The four donor samples used to create mixtures in this study ranged in concentration from 1 to 4 ng/Al. Thus, even when the volume of the minor donor sample was the same among m ...
Phylogenetics lab - web.biosci.utexas.edu
Phylogenetics lab - web.biosci.utexas.edu

GLP 021 - University of Newcastle
GLP 021 - University of Newcastle

... Air-dry the DNA 5 to 15 minutes in an open tube. (DO NOT DRY UNDER CENTRIFUGATION; it will be more difficult to dissolve.) Dissolve DNA in 8 mM NaOH such that the concentration of DNA is 0.2 - 0.3 µg / µl. Typically add 300 600µl of 8mM NaOH to DNA isolated from 107 cells or 50 -70 mg of tissue. Res ...
Bio40S Review
Bio40S Review

... Using the chart in the above question, answer the following question. a) If TTC is part of a sense strand of a DNA molecule what does TTC code for? b) What type of point mutation would occur in TTC was changed to TTG? c) What does TTG code for? d) If TTC was changed to TTT? What does TTT code fo ...
power pack 5 dna replication
power pack 5 dna replication

... Sequential opening of DNA duplex and its replicati on to form two DNA strands . ...
DNA Barcoding
DNA Barcoding

... The International Barcode of Life Project (iBOL) is a collaboration of 26 countries that aim to create an automated identification system of all living eukaryotes. Ultimately DNA barcoding could result in a library of genetic markers and associated physical identifiers for all species. This library ...
Quiz 22
Quiz 22

... It is a potential cure for many diseases. However, it has also raised some concerns. For example, some people think that gene therapy involving (b) are not legally acceptable because the offspring who will be affected by the therapy is not informed about the purpose, the risks and the benefits of th ...
DNA Typing
DNA Typing

Gene Cloning
Gene Cloning

Direct measurement of electrical transport through DNA molecules
Direct measurement of electrical transport through DNA molecules

... involves tunnelling from electrode to electrode8,9. This can be ruled out in our samples owing to the very large tunnelling distance that would be involved (8 nm) and the large currents observed. The second model describes sequential hopping between localized states7,8, which could, for example, be ...
Final Exam 2012 - Med Study Group
Final Exam 2012 - Med Study Group

... They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. • They generally solidify at room temperature. • They contain more hydrogen than saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. • They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. 6. The structural level of a protein leas ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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