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Chromosome Allele - GZ @ Science Class Online
Chromosome Allele - GZ @ Science Class Online

- fiveless|notes
- fiveless|notes

...  They recognize and target specific sequences of 4 – 6 base pairs.  They will cut DNA at every point at which its target sequences occurs, by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bond in each strand of DNA, producing two d-s DNA fragments. (which gives rise to many DNA fragments)  Restriction sites have tw ...
How Do You Clone a Gene?
How Do You Clone a Gene?

... have done, such as carrying oxygen to cells, metabolism, and reproduction. Proteins also can be structural, such as the parts of cells and body structures. Proteins have specific shapes called its conformation. In order for the proteins to work properly, they must have the correct conformation, which ...
Molecular biology Tools
Molecular biology Tools

... severe enough to cause the meniscal cartilage to fail and let go. Ex. Twisting injury • Degenerative meniscal tears Failure of the meniscus over time. The meniscus becomes less elastic and compliant May fail with only minimal trauma Ex. Just getting down into a squat *Degenerative meniscal tears can ...
File
File

... Draw a Punnett square diagram to determine the probability of the child having syndrome H. Identify any children with syndrome H. Use the following symbols: A = dominant allele a = recessive allele Probability = ..................................... % ...
Construction and stable transformation of Tetrahymena
Construction and stable transformation of Tetrahymena

polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction

... Knowing the sequence of a genome such as that of HIV, you can determine whether or not it is present in a blood/semen/tissue sample. ...
Name
Name

... Restriction enzymes cut DNA into smaller pieces, called restriction fragments, which are several hundred bases in length. Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a different sequence of bases. Gel electrophoresis separates different-sized DNA fragments by placing them at one end of a porous gel, then ap ...
Transformation
Transformation

... Transformation of E.coli with Plasmid DNA LABEL one microcentrifuge tube with “+DNA” and a second microcentrifuge tube with “-DNA”. TRANSFER 500 µL ice-cold CaCl2 solution into the ”– DNA” tube using a sterile 1 mL pipet. Using a toothpick, TRANSFER approx. 15 well-isolated colonies (each colony sho ...
Cryptography and Linguistics of Macromolecules Cryptography and
Cryptography and Linguistics of Macromolecules Cryptography and

... symbols of a finite alphabet. The best-known example of such modelling are DNA sequences, whose own physical constitution can be immediately translated to a sequence of letters. Applying MSA techniques to these sequences has resulted in the complete description of the human genome. However, MSA is n ...
CONTENTS DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA
CONTENTS DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA

... DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA in most organisms. In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 109 base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as the ...
Molecular Genetics
Molecular Genetics

... 1. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced from a DNA template in the nucleolus of the nucleus. 2. The rRNA is packaged with a variety of proteins into ribosomal subunits, one larger than the other. 3. Subunits move separately through nuclear envelope pores into the cytoplasm where they combine when transl ...
Genetics Notes C Molecular Genetics Vocabulary • central dogma of
Genetics Notes C Molecular Genetics Vocabulary • central dogma of

... protein synthesis can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygpqVr7_xs&feature=related (10:46). DNA DNA is the genetic material in your cells. It was passed on to you from your parents and determines your characteristics. The discovery that DNA is the genetic material was another important ...
Decoding Genetics - Flinn Scientific
Decoding Genetics - Flinn Scientific

... RNA polymerase II “reads” the DNA strand and creates a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA), which then travels out through the nuclear membrane to a ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell. The ribosome binds to the mRNA strand at the start codon. The start codon is a three base-pair nucleotide sequence—ad ...
RECOMBINANT DNA USING BACTERIAL PLASMIDS
RECOMBINANT DNA USING BACTERIAL PLASMIDS

... After you have tested all 8 enzymes, decide which ONE enzyme you would choose to cut the plasmid and the human DNA. Use the scissors to make the cut in your plasmid and cell DNA in the staggered fashion made by the actual enzymes. These are called STICKY ENDS. Use tape to splice you insulin gene int ...
1. (a) When a cell divides, the genetic material can divide by mitosis
1. (a) When a cell divides, the genetic material can divide by mitosis

... Only enough chemical is added to destroy one of the bases concerned. Destroying a base results in the strand breaking into two separate pieces. In treatment 1, for example, the strand of DNA shown below ...
BioPHP - Minitools Chaos Game Representation of DNAGraphical
BioPHP - Minitools Chaos Game Representation of DNAGraphical

... This program translates the input DNA sequence into protein sequence. Translation can be carried out in 1, 3 or all the six frames. DNA sequence may be added as shown in the example input or in any other format (number, spaces and line feeds are removed). Also, there are options to remove extra spac ...
RAP80
RAP80

A modified acidic approach for DNA extraction from
A modified acidic approach for DNA extraction from

... known concentration on an agarose gel. We expected DNA yield to be in the range of 20-100 ng/µL, which was observed following the use of our procedure. DNA quality was sufficiently high to result in successful restriction digestion with endonucleases. Digestion of DNA from 6 species using EcoRI (Fig ...
Chemistry of Life: The Four Macromolecules
Chemistry of Life: The Four Macromolecules

... • A. The sequence of bases acts as a code that determines what proteins will be made in the cell. • B. In turn, the proteins determine the nature and activities of the cell. ...
02. Molecular basis of heredity. Realization of hereditary information
02. Molecular basis of heredity. Realization of hereditary information

... Point mutations involve a change in a single nucleotide and therefore a change in a specific codon. When one base is substituted for another, the results can be variable. For example, if UAC is changed to UAU, there is no noticeable effect, because both of these codons code for tyrosine. This is cal ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline

... 1. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced from a DNA template in the nucleolus of the nucleus. 2. The rRNA is packaged with a variety of proteins into ribosomal subunits, one larger than the other. 3. Subunits move separately through nuclear envelope pores into the cytoplasm where they combine when transl ...
Phenotypic effects and variations in the genetic material (part 2)
Phenotypic effects and variations in the genetic material (part 2)

... This result in extension of the polypeptide chain until the next stop codon is reached, producing a so-called readthrough protein. ...
Preview pptx - Sweetpotato Knowledge Portal
Preview pptx - Sweetpotato Knowledge Portal

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

... molecular biology, allowing analysis of genes at the nucleotide level. For this reason, this tool has been applied to many areas of research. For example, PCR requires first knowing the flanking sequences of this piece. Another important use of DNA sequencing is identifying restriction sites in plas ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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