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Exam 3
Exam 3

15 N
15 N

... varies from species to species  all 4 bases not in equal quantity  bases present in characteristic ratio ...
DNA Replication
DNA Replication

... and synthesis proceeds in a discontinuous manner on the lagging strand. The final replication product does not have any nicks because DNA ligase forms a covalent phosphodiester linkage between 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate groups. ...
You Light Up My Life
You Light Up My Life

... producing heritable traits are encoded in DNA. Know the parts of a nucleotide, and know how nucleotides are linked together to make DNA. Understand how DNA is replicated and what materials are needed for replication. Know how the structure and behavior of DNA determine the structure and behavior of ...
Figure 1-2
Figure 1-2

... • DNA is an antiparallel, double-stranded helix made up of the nucleotides A, C, G, and T. The sugar in its nucleotides is deoxyribose . These nucleotides form A–T and G–C base pairs across the helix (Figure 1-8). ...
genomic library
genomic library

... • Restriction enzymes cut DNA into specific fragments • Restriction enzymes recognize specific base sequences in double-stranded DNA and cleave both strands of the duplex at specific places • Characteristics of restriction enzymes: 1. Cut DNA sequence-specifically 2. Bacterial enzymes; hundreds are ...
Gourdomics - The Young Scientist Program
Gourdomics - The Young Scientist Program

... Funding by Pfizer Inc. ...
Paper Plasmid 2 - dublin.k12.ca.us
Paper Plasmid 2 - dublin.k12.ca.us

... WILL CUT THE PLASMID ONCE AND ONLY ONCE. Continue this procedure until all 8 enzymes have been tried. Everyone’s results will be different because of different plasmid sequences. If you have no enzymes that will cut your plasmid only once, thenreconstruct your plasmid. ...
nucleic acids 3115
nucleic acids 3115

Nucleic acids and chromosomes
Nucleic acids and chromosomes

... In an interphase cell, the 46 chromosomes appear as a diffuse mass called chromatin; in cell division, the replicated chromatin condenses to form two sister chromatids held together at the centromere. Describe the Human Karyotype Somatic cells are diploid and have 2 copies of each chromosome, 23 pai ...
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard

... is shaped like a long zipper that is twisted into a coil like a spring. • Because DNA is composed of two strands twisted together, its shape is called double helix. ...
DISCOVERING DNA Biology Practical—DNA extraction
DISCOVERING DNA Biology Practical—DNA extraction

... undiscovered functions. In addition to genomic DNA, mitochondria contain their own DNA which replicates independently from cell chromosomal DNA. All plant and animal cells contain DNA, but there are some interesting differences between the two which make plant genetics particularly interesting. As w ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute

... eukaryotic cell’s DNA to code for proteins  In humans, only about 3 % of DNA actually codes for the about 100,000 proteins; 50,000 in older estimates, 150,000 in more recent estimates  Non-coding DNA was once called “junk” DNA as it was thought to be the molecular debris left over from the process ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

... DNA Cloning and Its Applications: A Preview • Most methods for cloning pieces of DNA in the laboratory share general features, such as the use of bacteria and their plasmids • Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial ...
Difference between RNA and DNA
Difference between RNA and DNA

... In a real cell, how does DNA unzip? List the steps that are involved. ...
Document
Document

... Question #12 - Matching  Complete the matching section on your study guide.  Please note that some answers may be used more than once ...
Ch. 5: Presentation Slides
Ch. 5: Presentation Slides

... • The newly replicated strand is displaced from the template strand as DNA synthesis continues. • Displaced strand is template for complementary DNA strand. ...
D. - Nutley Public Schools
D. - Nutley Public Schools

... Question #12 - Matching  Complete the matching section on your study guide.  Please note that some answers may be used more than once ...
Recombinant DNA Libraries
Recombinant DNA Libraries

...  However, mRNA cannot be cut directly with restriction enzymes • So it must be converted to a double-stranded DNA molecule  A viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase (RT) is used to catalyze the synthesis of single-stranded DNA from the mRNA This enzyme is made by a class of viruses called retro ...
Genomic DNA Isolation from 1 µL – 100 µL of Whole
Genomic DNA Isolation from 1 µL – 100 µL of Whole

Activating the MSH2/MSH6 Apoptotic Pathway in Cancer Cells
Activating the MSH2/MSH6 Apoptotic Pathway in Cancer Cells

... which mismatch damage persists. It is then through these standing strand breaks that the apoptotic pathway is initiated (Roos and Kaina, 2006). Conversely, the “direct signaling” hypothesis propounds a dual functionality for at least the MutSα complex in eukaryotes. According to this hypothesis, ce ...
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation

What does DNA do?
What does DNA do?

... ___ 3) Follow the base pair rule to fill in the missing base pairs for each strand. ___ 4) Compare your strands. Are they similar? What have you done? Where did this process take place in the cell? Why is this process important? They are identical copies of each other (mirror images). This process t ...
The Unseen Genome: Beyond DNA
The Unseen Genome: Beyond DNA

... GATAGCGCGACGAGCCAGCGCTCTAGACAGACGTAGCCGCGCGGATAGCGACGAGCCAGTCCGCGGACAGTACAA M M M IDENTICAL TWINS have identical DNA sequences. Yet in most ...
6 Principles of Gene Regulation
6 Principles of Gene Regulation

... with the –35 region = acts as anti-σ factor ƒ Acts as appropriator by deploying RNAP to T4 ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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