Aberrant DNA methylation in cancer: potential clinical
... by a guanine (so-called CpG dinucleotides). The bulk of the genome displays a clear depletion of CpG dinucleotides, and those that are present are nearly always methylated. By contrast, small stretches of DNA, known as CpG islands, are comparatively rich in CpG nucleotides and are nearly always free ...
... by a guanine (so-called CpG dinucleotides). The bulk of the genome displays a clear depletion of CpG dinucleotides, and those that are present are nearly always methylated. By contrast, small stretches of DNA, known as CpG islands, are comparatively rich in CpG nucleotides and are nearly always free ...
Multifractal characterisation of length sequences of coding and
... in DNA sequences at this level. Li et al. [2,3] found that the spectral density of a DNA sequence containing mostly introns shows 1=f behaviour, which indicates the presence of LRC. The correlation properties of coding and noncoding DNA sequences were also studied by Peng et al. [4] in their fracta ...
... in DNA sequences at this level. Li et al. [2,3] found that the spectral density of a DNA sequence containing mostly introns shows 1=f behaviour, which indicates the presence of LRC. The correlation properties of coding and noncoding DNA sequences were also studied by Peng et al. [4] in their fracta ...
A Mutation Causing Reduced Biological Activity and Stability of
... To determine whether the new potential site of glycosylation was indeed glycosylated, we exploited the observation that isoelectric focusing (IEF) can be used to reveal microheterogeneity in serum TBG resulting from variation in sialic acid content; addition of sialic acid reduces the isoelectric po ...
... To determine whether the new potential site of glycosylation was indeed glycosylated, we exploited the observation that isoelectric focusing (IEF) can be used to reveal microheterogeneity in serum TBG resulting from variation in sialic acid content; addition of sialic acid reduces the isoelectric po ...
Unit 30C Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular
... Prophase is the first phase of mitosis. The chromosomes in the nucleus become visible under a microscope as they shorten and thicken (Figure 4). In animal cells, a small body in the cytoplasm separates and its parts move to opposite poles of the cell as the chromosomes become visible. These tiny str ...
... Prophase is the first phase of mitosis. The chromosomes in the nucleus become visible under a microscope as they shorten and thicken (Figure 4). In animal cells, a small body in the cytoplasm separates and its parts move to opposite poles of the cell as the chromosomes become visible. These tiny str ...
Homologous Recombination Generates T-Loop
... retrovirus (⫹), digested with HindIII, and separated on a CHEF gel. Telomeric signal were quantified as in Supplemental Figure S2. The band at 150 kb (*) presumably represents telomeres with subtelomeric sequences lacking HindIII sites. ...
... retrovirus (⫹), digested with HindIII, and separated on a CHEF gel. Telomeric signal were quantified as in Supplemental Figure S2. The band at 150 kb (*) presumably represents telomeres with subtelomeric sequences lacking HindIII sites. ...
Genetic or epigenetic difference causing discordance between
... with IVF.42 These findings suggest that IVF is a risk factor of abnormality in DNA methylation. Mobile elements Approximately 40% of the human genome is comprised of retroelements such as retrotransposon, transposon, and endogenous retrovirus. While retrotransposon transposes after transcribed into ...
... with IVF.42 These findings suggest that IVF is a risk factor of abnormality in DNA methylation. Mobile elements Approximately 40% of the human genome is comprised of retroelements such as retrotransposon, transposon, and endogenous retrovirus. While retrotransposon transposes after transcribed into ...
A new heavy lanthanide-dependent DNAzyme
... making magnets. It is also used in nuclear reactors due to its ability to strongly absorb neutrons. Erbium is mainly used for making lasers and thulium is used in X-ray devices as a portable source. From these selections, we identified a new class of DNAzymes with many interesting properties. For ex ...
... making magnets. It is also used in nuclear reactors due to its ability to strongly absorb neutrons. Erbium is mainly used for making lasers and thulium is used in X-ray devices as a portable source. From these selections, we identified a new class of DNAzymes with many interesting properties. For ex ...
Nucleotide
... (1) DNA Replication—a process by which DNA copies or “replicas” itself, or simply produces two identical strand replicas from a parent DNA double helix (2) RNA Transcription—a process of converting or “transcribing” the deoxyribonucleotide sequence within one strand of DNA into single-stranded RNAs ...
... (1) DNA Replication—a process by which DNA copies or “replicas” itself, or simply produces two identical strand replicas from a parent DNA double helix (2) RNA Transcription—a process of converting or “transcribing” the deoxyribonucleotide sequence within one strand of DNA into single-stranded RNAs ...
Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Nonribosomal Peptide Penicillin in
... represent a particularly attractive class of enzymes for engineering efforts as they are inherently modular with each module region recognising one amino acid and incorporating it into the Nrp product15, 23. NRPS modules incorporate both the standard 20 amino acids, as well as hundreds of non-protei ...
... represent a particularly attractive class of enzymes for engineering efforts as they are inherently modular with each module region recognising one amino acid and incorporating it into the Nrp product15, 23. NRPS modules incorporate both the standard 20 amino acids, as well as hundreds of non-protei ...
Site specific insertion of a type I rDNA dement into a unique
... A physical map of MB8a, the non-rDNA DNA segment containing a type I insertion is shown in Figure 1. It is a 12.5Kb EcoRI fragment that is cleaved at eight sites by Hindlll. Two of the resulting Hindlll fragments, 8a/5 and 8a/6 are shown on the physical map. The 12.5Kb EcoRI fragment has been re-clo ...
... A physical map of MB8a, the non-rDNA DNA segment containing a type I insertion is shown in Figure 1. It is a 12.5Kb EcoRI fragment that is cleaved at eight sites by Hindlll. Two of the resulting Hindlll fragments, 8a/5 and 8a/6 are shown on the physical map. The 12.5Kb EcoRI fragment has been re-clo ...
Transcription
... to recognize different promoters. The most common s factor in E. coli is s70. 2. Binding of the s factor converts the core RNA pol into the holoenzyme. 3. s factor is critical in promoter recognition, by decreasing the affinity of the core enzyme for non-specific DNA sites (104) and increasing the a ...
... to recognize different promoters. The most common s factor in E. coli is s70. 2. Binding of the s factor converts the core RNA pol into the holoenzyme. 3. s factor is critical in promoter recognition, by decreasing the affinity of the core enzyme for non-specific DNA sites (104) and increasing the a ...
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
... copper/cell ratios in the culture favour pMMO synthesis, whereas sMMO is formed at low copper/biomass ratios (Stanley et al. 1983). When M. capsulatus is used for SCP production, pMMO formation is preferred because this enzyme allows a more efficient carbon to biomass conversion than sMMO (Jørgensen ...
... copper/cell ratios in the culture favour pMMO synthesis, whereas sMMO is formed at low copper/biomass ratios (Stanley et al. 1983). When M. capsulatus is used for SCP production, pMMO formation is preferred because this enzyme allows a more efficient carbon to biomass conversion than sMMO (Jørgensen ...
Finishing the Human Genome
... Doug Brutlag Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry & Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Doug Brutlag 2011 ...
... Doug Brutlag Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry & Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Doug Brutlag 2011 ...
1: Summary and Options
... Much of our knowledge of genetic risks to human health from exposures to environmental agents has been derived from the study of the effects of mutagens on experimental animals. These experiments are useful in manipulating various aspects of the mutagenic process, for example, to examine how mutagen ...
... Much of our knowledge of genetic risks to human health from exposures to environmental agents has been derived from the study of the effects of mutagens on experimental animals. These experiments are useful in manipulating various aspects of the mutagenic process, for example, to examine how mutagen ...
Having it both ways: transcription factors that bind DNA and RNA
... proteins that were initially categorized as DNA-binding transcription factors, but for which subsequent research has shown apparent RNA-binding activities and functions (Table 2). With the expectation that such `moonlighting' by DNA-binding proteins might be more common than previously imagined, we ...
... proteins that were initially categorized as DNA-binding transcription factors, but for which subsequent research has shown apparent RNA-binding activities and functions (Table 2). With the expectation that such `moonlighting' by DNA-binding proteins might be more common than previously imagined, we ...
Transcription
... • RNA molecules are capable of both storing information and performing metabolic activities. In present day cells, DNA stores information and proteins perform catalysis, with RNA as the intermediate between DNA and protein. One can imagine a time when there was no DNA or protein, just RNA performing ...
... • RNA molecules are capable of both storing information and performing metabolic activities. In present day cells, DNA stores information and proteins perform catalysis, with RNA as the intermediate between DNA and protein. One can imagine a time when there was no DNA or protein, just RNA performing ...
Unusual mutations in high functioning fragile X males
... mutations defined as smears of expansions extending from premutation to full mutation range. Very diffuse and therefore not easily detectable patterns of full mutations were also observed on prenatal testing using DNA from chorionic villi sampled at a time of development when full mutations were sti ...
... mutations defined as smears of expansions extending from premutation to full mutation range. Very diffuse and therefore not easily detectable patterns of full mutations were also observed on prenatal testing using DNA from chorionic villi sampled at a time of development when full mutations were sti ...
Lyons/Hewitt/Suchocki/Yeh, CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATED SCIENCE
... of the cell and a new spindle apparatus forms. • Metaphase II—chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane. • Anaphase II—sister chromatids separate. • Telophase II—sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. • Nuclear membranes then reform and cytokinesis produces four haploid daughter ...
... of the cell and a new spindle apparatus forms. • Metaphase II—chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane. • Anaphase II—sister chromatids separate. • Telophase II—sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. • Nuclear membranes then reform and cytokinesis produces four haploid daughter ...
Killing specimens
... lids work for smaller situations. Be sure to include adequate space for emerging specimens to expand their wings. Also be sure that specimens are not able to chew their way out of the container. 3. Food: If possible, host plant material should be exchanged regularly with fresh material. For internal ...
... lids work for smaller situations. Be sure to include adequate space for emerging specimens to expand their wings. Also be sure that specimens are not able to chew their way out of the container. 3. Food: If possible, host plant material should be exchanged regularly with fresh material. For internal ...
DNA supercoil
DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.