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3rd Quarter Biology Assessment
3rd Quarter Biology Assessment

... b. Whether a mutation is negative or beneficial is not dependent on how its DNA changes relative to the organism’s situation. c. Mutations are often thought of as negative because they always disrupt the normal function of genes. d. Mutations are not the source of genetic variability in a species. 1 ...
HIV and DNA replication answers
HIV and DNA replication answers

... The teacher should check the ideas of complementary base pairing, the use of DNA polymerase, semi-conservative methods, DNA template strands, and free nucleotides and their structure. ...
DNA, restriction enzymes
DNA, restriction enzymes

... bands) on a gel. Each fragment can then be cut out and cleaved again with TaqI, to give pieces of an appropriate length. With M. hominis genomic DNA, a three-stage procedure is called for, first using NotI, then HindIII, and finally TaqI. 4. Early efforts (c. 1994) in the human genome project were b ...
COMPARISON OF THREE DNA ISOLATION AND
COMPARISON OF THREE DNA ISOLATION AND

... The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of three methods of nucleic acids extraction from gram-positive bacteria by evaluating the quantity and purity of DNA extracts. Nucleic acids extraction of gram-positive bacteria is normally hampered by a thick and resistant cell wall. Gram p ...
sheet_29
sheet_29

...  some genes on Y chromosome and some genes on X chromosome. ●Homozygous: the same two alleles. ●Heterozygous: different alleles. ●Hemizygous: one allele only, Where can we find it?  It's found on the x-chromosome , because only one xchromosome is active while the other is inactivated. ●Genotype: t ...
Study Guide - Effingham County Schools
Study Guide - Effingham County Schools

... __________________________ (parent signature) Define the following words: 1. __________________-An organisms genetic make-up, or alleles an organism has for a trait. 2. __________________-An Organism’s physical appearance, or visible trait. 3. __________________- An organism that has two different a ...
DNA profiling - Our eclass community
DNA profiling - Our eclass community

... DNA PROFILING - SUMMARY Steps in DNA profiling 1. Collect samples of ...
Exploring Mutant Organisms Teacher Extended Background
Exploring Mutant Organisms Teacher Extended Background

... position. Cancer in humans is an excellent example of the harmful effects of mutagens. However, not all mutations are harmful, as will be discussed further. Why Study Mutations? The study of mutations is a tool used to explore the function of a gene. If a mutation in a gene elicits a phenotypic chan ...
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... Fragile X syndrome is associated with trinucleotide repeats of CGG, yet these repeats occur in the DNA upstream from the first exon. What is the suggested mechanism of its phenotypic effect? The proofreading capabilities of DNA polymerase is dependent on what?? ...
Teratogenesis
Teratogenesis

... • Substances that cause defects or abnormalities in fetal development • Defects may occur in one organ or more ...
CHAPTER18-20test
CHAPTER18-20test

... 1. The function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses is to a. hydrolyze the host cell’s DNA b. use viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis c. convert host cell RNA into viral DNA d. translate viral RNA into proteins e. use viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands 2. Viruses ...
Genetics - true or false
Genetics - true or false

... Most of your DNA is found in the cell nucleus. Mitochondria (types of cell organelle) also have a small amount of their own DNA. All human cells contain DNA (except for mature red blood cells). If students consider the statement is false, they are technically correct but be aware of the common misun ...
Mutation and DNA Repair
Mutation and DNA Repair

... Males having only 1 X, are affected more frequently and severely than females. Appears as a secondary constriction on the X, which appears in cells starved for folate. The X can actually break at that point, but this isn’t a common feature. Caused by CGG repeats in the 5’ UTR of the FMR1 gene. Norma ...
DNA Transcription / Translation
DNA Transcription / Translation

... the final outcome of gene expression? A. the environment of the cells  B. the number of amino acids in the protein ...
Biology Fall Final Review 2015
Biology Fall Final Review 2015

... c. The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged. d.The identities of more than one amino acid would change. 97. Which type of mutation usually has the most significant impact on the protein being formed?___________________ 98. In what type of cells should mutation occur to be passed on to offsprin ...
Biology Final Review
Biology Final Review

... mix of both red and white hairs. This is an example of A. multiple alleles C. sex-linked genes B. incomplete dominance D. codominance _____40. Because the gene for red-green colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, it is NOT possible to have a … A. carrier son C. colorblind son B. carrier daug ...
Molecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the
Molecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the

Unit 3 Review Guide Key Concepts Sickle cell disease is caused by
Unit 3 Review Guide Key Concepts Sickle cell disease is caused by

... Transfer RNA (tRNA)- An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA. Translation- The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule ...
How does DNA determine the traits of organisms?
How does DNA determine the traits of organisms?

... In this assessment, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism: the Snork! Snorks were discovered on the planet “Dee Enae” in a distant solar system. Snorks have only one chromosome with 7 genes on it. Your job is to analyze the genes of its DNA and determine what traits the organism ...
1.2 Genes: Answers and Questions
1.2 Genes: Answers and Questions

Blotting : Southern, Northern and Western techniques
Blotting : Southern, Northern and Western techniques

... • DNA in the gel is placed on the filter paper with wigs dipped in a reservoir containing transfer buffer. • Nitrocellulose or Nylon membrane can be used for transfer. • Nitrocellulose has a binding capacity of 100µg/cm, while nylon has a binding capacity of about 500 µg/cm. • Membrane is placed on ...
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class

... • 2) Genes are the units of hereditary and determine traits of living things • 3) Living things that reproduce sexually inherit genes in pairs, with one set being contributed by both parents • 4) Some genes are dominant, while others are recessive • 5) Dominant genes tend to mask or hide traits of r ...
Biology and Society, Exam II
Biology and Society, Exam II

... D) They can develop into any different type of cell in the body. 48. Reproductive cloning is different than therapeutic in that reproductive cloning A) Uses eggs. B) Uses fertilized embryos. C) Can produce an embryo with stem cells. D) Produces fully-developed organisms. 49. True/False: During thera ...
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class

... •I Can explain the differences, and roles involved with chromosomes, genes, and DNA ...
WELCOME TO BIOLOGY 2002 - University of Indianapolis
WELCOME TO BIOLOGY 2002 - University of Indianapolis

... Transformation occurs No transformation occurs occurs. Add R cells ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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