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Chapter 3,
Chapter 3,

... chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes living within other prokaryotes. What aspects of the eukaryotic genome support the theory? What aspects do not support the theory? In support of the endosymbiotic theory, the DNA molecules in mitochondria and chloroplasts are circular and are found free in the c ...
Introduction to Genetics and Genomics
Introduction to Genetics and Genomics

... – Example -- sickle cell anemia ...
1. Compare the organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.
1. Compare the organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.

... • Satellite DNA  highly repetitive DNA consisting of short unusual nucleotide sequences that are tandemly repeated 1000’s of times • It is found at the tips of chromosomes and the centromere • Its function is not known, perhaps it plays a structural role during chromosome replication and separation ...
1. Compare the organization of prokaryotic and
1. Compare the organization of prokaryotic and

... • Satellite DNA  highly repetitive DNA consisting of short unusual nucleotide sequences that are tandemly repeated 1000’s of times • It is found at the tips of chromosomes and the centromere • Its function is not known, perhaps it plays a structural role during chromosome replication and separation ...
Document
Document

... Question 6-7 pertains to the following. This region of the genome is known to contain a particular gene, which encodes a very large protein of 1600 amino acids. A cDNA library primed with oligo dT was made and a clone derived from that library hybridized to the 2 kb, 6 kb, and 9 kb restriction frag ...
Chapter 16 - Human Ancestry
Chapter 16 - Human Ancestry

... Modern Humans Cave art from about 14,000 years ago indicates that by that time our ancestors had achieved milestones in cultural evolution - Fine hand coordination; use of symbols A preserved man, frozen in ice from about 5,200 years ago, is genetically like us - Ötzi, the Ice Man ...
Case name Owner Website description Integrates DNA Methylation
Case name Owner Website description Integrates DNA Methylation

... tissue sample is valuable information about a person s health. By studying the language of cells, genes and proteins, researchers can better understand disease development, including how cancer progresses. DNA methylation, which helps control gene expression, and chromatin structures, protein-DNA in ...
DNA Structure and Function
DNA Structure and Function

... • Chromatin – 2 m of DNA must fit in a 1x10-5 m nucleus. DNA wrapped around proteins to organize it and allow it fit into the nucleus • Remember – it is condensed 200,000 x to fit in the nucleus • It is still loosely coiled enough that enzymes can get into the DNA to copy it and make mRNA for protei ...
CHAPTER18-20test
CHAPTER18-20test

... 1. The function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses is to a. hydrolyze the host cell’s DNA b. use viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis c. convert host cell RNA into viral DNA d. translate viral RNA into proteins e. use viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands 2. Viruses ...
Final Exam Study Guide Ms. Thomas Spring 2011
Final Exam Study Guide Ms. Thomas Spring 2011

... 11. Describe the function of the three types of ground tissue in plants. ...
Cell Cycle Quiz key
Cell Cycle Quiz key

... D. The nucleus translates the ribosomal RNA for the enzymes to be synthesized in mitochondria. 15. _____During a stage of protein synthesis, codons in mRNA molecules are used to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains. What is this process called? A. transcription B. gene expressio ...
Slide 1
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... different members in family studies. • Variations within exons (genes) – lead to observable changes (e.g. eye color) • Most variations occur within introns, have little or no effect on an organism, yet they are detectable at the DNA level and can be used as markers. ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

...  The first letter is the initial letter of the genus name of the organism from which the enzyme is isolated  The second and third letters are usually the initial letters of the organisms species name. It is written in italic  A fourth letter, if any, indicates a particular strain organism  Origi ...
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Nucleic Acid review

... 4. Name the sugar found in RNA. ...
Sir Alec Jeffreys minisatellites
Sir Alec Jeffreys minisatellites

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... They usually occur in bacteria, sometimes in eukaryotic organisms (e.g., the 2um-ring in yeast S. cerevisiae). Sizes: 1 to over 400 kb. Copy numbers: 1 - hundreds in a single cell, or even thousands of copies. Every plasmid contains at least one DNA sequence that serves as an origin of replication o ...
Big_Idea_3_Multiple_Choice_Questions-2013-03
Big_Idea_3_Multiple_Choice_Questions-2013-03

... b. The mtDNA of sperm is destroyed after fertilization of the egg c. Only eggs contain mtDNA d. The genes coding for mitochondria are located on the X chromosome 35. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by malfunctioning mitochondria. Which of the following statements is true regar ...
Spring Exam Study Guide 2015 answers
Spring Exam Study Guide 2015 answers

...  When two or more characteristics are inherited, they are inherited independently of one another 69. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called  Incomplete dominance 70. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by t ...
13-3 Cell Transformation
13-3 Cell Transformation

Student Worksheet
Student Worksheet

... Read the authors’ conclusions below, and with a partner discuss how these conclusions could be relevant for humans and summarize in your own words below. “In the present study, we observed a statistically significant shift in coat-color phenotype and adult body weight distribution among genetically ...
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File

... E. The stage when the cell prepares to divide F. Rod shaped structure of condensed chromatin that contains DNA G. Regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo H. Material in cells that contain DNA and carries genetic information I. The stage when the nucleus divides ...
Study Questions for the Second Exam in Bio 0200
Study Questions for the Second Exam in Bio 0200

... What is a ribosome? What macromolecules make up a ribosome? What is transfer RNA? What role does it play in reading the genetic code? Where are peptide bonds formed? At what point in protein synthesis is a polypeptide covalently attached to RNA? No warranty, explicit or implied, is intended that the ...
Organelle genome evolution
Organelle genome evolution

... organelles. However, their hypothesis is restricted to: (1) uniparentally inherited organelles, which is not a general case2,3; (2) anisogamous species where the gamete responsible for organelle inheritance is not the mobile one; and (3) energy-providing organelles, that is, mitochondria. Plants cou ...
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Year 10 Term 3: Genetics

... Describe structures and functions involved in gamete production in humans, ...
Chapter 20 Terms to Know
Chapter 20 Terms to Know

... Gene cloning: process by which scientists can produce multiple copies of specific segments of DNA that they can then work with in the lab ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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