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... …sticky ends with complementary base pairs can form hydrogen bonds, …DNA ligase: an enzyme that catalyzes the reformation of the phosphodiester bonds. ...
Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1933
Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1933

... expressed individually. ...
Mutations - Hicksville Public Schools
Mutations - Hicksville Public Schools

... the nucleus 3. Translation: tRNA reads mRNA codons (3 bases) and brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome 4. Sugar: DNA= deoxribose, RNA= ribose Bases: DNA has T and RNA has U DNA: double stranded, RNA: single stranded 5. UGG CAG UGC Try Glu Cys ...
Build whatever you want - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage
Build whatever you want - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage

... the nucleus 3. Translation: tRNA reads mRNA codons (3 bases) and brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome 4. Sugar: DNA= deoxribose, RNA= ribose Bases: DNA has T and RNA has U DNA: double stranded, RNA: single stranded 5. UGG CAG UGC Try Glu Cys ...
Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 27A:
Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 27A:

... • such membrane infoldings are not considered to be true organelles such as those found in eukaryotes ...
PAN Shen Quan
PAN Shen Quan

... • DNA and protein delivery systems • Vectors for gene therapy and DNA vaccines As a natural genetic engineer of plants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens can deliver T-DNA into different eukaryotes, including plant, yeast, fungal and human cells. This DNA transfer represents the only known example of interk ...
File
File

Document
Document

... DNA damage vs. mutation •DNA damage refers to a chemical alteration of the DNA (e.g. G-C bp to methyl-G-C is DNA damage) •Mutation refers to a change in a base-pair (e.g. G-C bp to A-T bp is a mutation) •Problems arise when DNA damage is converted to mutation ...
learning_goals_objectives
learning_goals_objectives

... 1. give 3 reasons why the COI gene selected 2. explain the differences between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA 3. understand why a mitochondrial gene was selected over a nuclear one 4. list what the mitochondrial genome encodes ...
chapter 21
chapter 21

... • Invades the host cell, taking over materials necessary for protein synthesis and growth • Viral infection:  Virus inserts its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into host cell  Material is replicated into DNA form  The viral DNA is used to make viral proteins via transcription and translation  In s ...
BSCS
BSCS

... 21. Be able to discuss genomic imprinting and its effects when inherited from mom or dad. (To help you understand this phenomenon, study Figure 14.9) 22. What is methylation? How does it contribute to our understanding of genomic imprinting and X-inactivation? 23. Remember from the chemistry section ...
國立彰化師範大學100 學年度碩士班招生考試試題
國立彰化師範大學100 學年度碩士班招生考試試題

... (C) are translated to produce basic DNA binding proteins (D) A and C are correct 16. If you want to make a genomic library with DNA fragments averaging about 45 kb in length, which vector will be most appropriate to use? (A) plasmid. (B) lamda phage (C) cosmid (D) bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC ...
Part I: To Transcribe! In previous lessons, you`ve learned the
Part I: To Transcribe! In previous lessons, you`ve learned the

... stored in segments called genes. A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids. The amino acids form chains that make a certain protein depending on the order of the nitrogen bases. Just like 26 letters of the alphabet make words, 2 ...
Jeopardy
Jeopardy

... Why must the gametes only contain ½ the DNA needed for a new organism…  A) the cell size is smaller and can only hold so much  B) by only taking some of the genes from each parent it helps to ensure variation  C) Other wise the union of two gametes would cause there to be to many chromosomes, and ...
Protocol for inserting transgene using Tn7 (6/1/06) This system uses
Protocol for inserting transgene using Tn7 (6/1/06) This system uses

... Protocol for inserting transgene using Tn7 (6/1/06) This system uses Tn7 to insert transgenes at a defined neutral site in the chromosome (attTn7). The site is highly conserved and is known to work as a Tn7 attachment site in E. coli and its relatives. The attTn7 sequence is conserved in most (all) ...
From Gene To You
From Gene To You

... Begins with Operons, sequences of DNA that direct biosynthetic pathways ...
Recombinant DNA Techniques Laboratory Bi 431/531
Recombinant DNA Techniques Laboratory Bi 431/531

... • Present in many deep sea organisms and in the open ocean • Most belong to genus Photobacterium, some to Vibrio • The lux operon – 5 genes, about 8 kb – Three genes remove Acyl ACP from fatty acid biosynthesis pathway – Two genes code for the α and ß subunits of luciferase ...
Grade 9 Science - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Grade 9 Science - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... Explain the importance of using precise language in science and technology. (109-14) Illustrate and describe the basic processes of mitosis and meiosis (304-11). Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction in representative organisms (305-2) Compare sexual and asexual reproduction in terms o ...
bio-of-cells-lent-restriction-enzymes-information-for-exam
bio-of-cells-lent-restriction-enzymes-information-for-exam

... DNA marker. RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism are markers for defined regions of the genome Used to track regions of the genome or as markers to follow traits. Can be used to track diseases in a pedigree and discover regions of the gnome where mutations might be. Both to identify whethe ...
Chapter 12 Notes - Great Neck Public Schools
Chapter 12 Notes - Great Neck Public Schools

... E. In all 3 cases, the new DNA is integrated into the existing DNA by a crossover like event, replacing part of the existing DNA F. Important – these mechanisms are not reproductive, sexual reproduction does not occur in bacterial ...
document
document

... an organism. If both alleles are the same, the organism is homozygous for the trait. If both alleles are different, the organism is heterozygous for that trait. If one allele is missing, it is hemizygous, and, if both alleles are missing, it is nullizygos. Most eukaryotes have two matching sets of c ...
Biology Pretest - the Biology Scholars Program Wiki
Biology Pretest - the Biology Scholars Program Wiki

... Below are a set of questions that look into some of the major concepts you have encountered in BIO110 and BISC220. Concepts surveyed in this pretest establish the foundations for the biology component of the biochemistry course. Since for most of you it has been a while since you have taken these co ...
Genetics Study Guide Chapter 11, 13, 14
Genetics Study Guide Chapter 11, 13, 14

... How many chromosomes are found in normal human somatic (body) cells? What type(s) of chromosomes are shown in a karyotype? What type(s) of genetic disorders can be shown in a karyotype? What combinations of sex chromosomes are found in human males? What combinations of sex chromosomes are found in h ...
KEY UNIT TWO TEST – STUDY GUIDE Define primer. A short piece
KEY UNIT TWO TEST – STUDY GUIDE Define primer. A short piece

... The complement of an organism’s genes; an organisms genetic material 4. Define phenotype The physical and physiological traits of an organism 5. Define genotype The genetic makeup of an organism…Tt, tt, TT 6. Define karyotype A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape 7. ...
DNA mutations 11.3 notes
DNA mutations 11.3 notes

... A change in a body cell (like a skin cell) [would, would not ] be passed along to the offspring. ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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