Name: AP Biology AP Biology Major Topics Review Evolution
... Transcription is the process that converts DNA code into an mRNA message using the enzyme RNA polymerase. Eukaryotic mRNA is processed: 5’ cap, 3’ tail, and introns spliced out. Role of alternative splicing. Translation is the process of converting an mRNA message into protein using ribosomes. mRNA ...
... Transcription is the process that converts DNA code into an mRNA message using the enzyme RNA polymerase. Eukaryotic mRNA is processed: 5’ cap, 3’ tail, and introns spliced out. Role of alternative splicing. Translation is the process of converting an mRNA message into protein using ribosomes. mRNA ...
Chromosome Structure 1 - Dr. Kordula
... nucleosomes to make way for the transcription apparatus. However, recently it has been shown that expression can also rely on remodeling of nucleosomes by replacing standard histones with variant forms. D. Gene Defined as the entire DNA sequence required for the synthesis of some useful RNA (r ...
... nucleosomes to make way for the transcription apparatus. However, recently it has been shown that expression can also rely on remodeling of nucleosomes by replacing standard histones with variant forms. D. Gene Defined as the entire DNA sequence required for the synthesis of some useful RNA (r ...
Genes
... Sickle Cell Anemia: Disease occurs when a child inherits the hemoglobin (Oxygen-carrying part of blood) gene from both parents. The red blood cells develop a sickle shape and clump together obstructing blood flow and oxygen to the tissues. ~Symptoms- severe joint and abdominal pain, weakness & kidne ...
... Sickle Cell Anemia: Disease occurs when a child inherits the hemoglobin (Oxygen-carrying part of blood) gene from both parents. The red blood cells develop a sickle shape and clump together obstructing blood flow and oxygen to the tissues. ~Symptoms- severe joint and abdominal pain, weakness & kidne ...
DNA damage and repair
... Mismatch Repair in Prokaryotes •Occurs when DNA Polymerase puts in the wrong nucleotide during replication and the proofreading activity does not correct it. •Repair would ideally occur on the correct strand, the newly synthesized strand. •E. coli methylates A of GATC sequence. •There is a time la ...
... Mismatch Repair in Prokaryotes •Occurs when DNA Polymerase puts in the wrong nucleotide during replication and the proofreading activity does not correct it. •Repair would ideally occur on the correct strand, the newly synthesized strand. •E. coli methylates A of GATC sequence. •There is a time la ...
Remember when we . . Students should be able to
... 10. Describe an example where the environment affects the benefits of a variation. The most famous example is the peppered moths Before the Industrial Revolution; the trees were light colored so light colored moths have a variation that helped them survive. However, when the trees became dark becaus ...
... 10. Describe an example where the environment affects the benefits of a variation. The most famous example is the peppered moths Before the Industrial Revolution; the trees were light colored so light colored moths have a variation that helped them survive. However, when the trees became dark becaus ...
PPT2
... • When a restriction enzyme is added, SNPs result in DNA fragments with different lengths, or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ...
... • When a restriction enzyme is added, SNPs result in DNA fragments with different lengths, or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ...
Review Questions
... courtroom proceedings. They type out what everyone says during a trial. Rather than speech, the information has been transcribed into a written form. Since DNA is locked inside the nucleus, enzymes transcribe the DNA into messenger RNA. Like any good transcript, mRNA has the same recipe as the gene ...
... courtroom proceedings. They type out what everyone says during a trial. Rather than speech, the information has been transcribed into a written form. Since DNA is locked inside the nucleus, enzymes transcribe the DNA into messenger RNA. Like any good transcript, mRNA has the same recipe as the gene ...
Science 8 Topic 2 – Reflection
... tiger has the best chance of long-term survival if there is a lot of variation within the species. Without variation, the species would be unable to survive changes in the environment, and would be more vulnerable to extinction. But with so few Bengal tigers left, how can that variation be maintaine ...
... tiger has the best chance of long-term survival if there is a lot of variation within the species. Without variation, the species would be unable to survive changes in the environment, and would be more vulnerable to extinction. But with so few Bengal tigers left, how can that variation be maintaine ...
Common types of DNA damage Different types of repair fix different
... HNPCC results from mutations in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, including: • several different MutS homologs • Mut L homolog • other proteins: perhaps they play the role of MutH, but not by recognizing hemi-methylated DNA (no 6meA GATC methylation in humans, no dam methylase) ...
... HNPCC results from mutations in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, including: • several different MutS homologs • Mut L homolog • other proteins: perhaps they play the role of MutH, but not by recognizing hemi-methylated DNA (no 6meA GATC methylation in humans, no dam methylase) ...
Unit VII Study Guide KEY
... _sticky_____ ends. Following enzyme exposure and the addition of the glue, __DNA ligase____, there are three possible outcomes. Some of the bacterial DNA pieces will simply re-join in their original conformation; that will also occur with the DNA containing the gene of interest. However, some of the ...
... _sticky_____ ends. Following enzyme exposure and the addition of the glue, __DNA ligase____, there are three possible outcomes. Some of the bacterial DNA pieces will simply re-join in their original conformation; that will also occur with the DNA containing the gene of interest. However, some of the ...
Genetics of Organelles III GENE330
... has taken place among the mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. For example, in most plant species the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase is encoded by a nuclear gene, but in some species of algae, it is encoded by a chloroplast gene. It has been estimated that between 400 ...
... has taken place among the mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. For example, in most plant species the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase is encoded by a nuclear gene, but in some species of algae, it is encoded by a chloroplast gene. It has been estimated that between 400 ...
CSE 181 Project guidelines
... Gene expression • Human genome is ~ 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those cells • Different cell types • Different conditions ...
... Gene expression • Human genome is ~ 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those cells • Different cell types • Different conditions ...
STAAR Review 4
... a. All of their daughters will be color blind. b. The mother is a carrier of the color blindness gene. c. All of their sons will have normal color vision. d. All of their sons will be color blind. ...
... a. All of their daughters will be color blind. b. The mother is a carrier of the color blindness gene. c. All of their sons will have normal color vision. d. All of their sons will be color blind. ...
What is the hierarchy of Life? In order of increasing complexity
... 1)DNA unpacking- if DNA is tightly coiled, then RNA polymerase or other necessary transcription factors cannot access DNA to begin transcription, therefore, no gene expression 2)RNA processing-Exons are spliced together and introns removed; if the cap and tail are not added to mRNA, it cannot flow t ...
... 1)DNA unpacking- if DNA is tightly coiled, then RNA polymerase or other necessary transcription factors cannot access DNA to begin transcription, therefore, no gene expression 2)RNA processing-Exons are spliced together and introns removed; if the cap and tail are not added to mRNA, it cannot flow t ...
Methyl methanesulphonate (MMS, Fig
... strand breaks ({Schwartz, 1989 7398 /id}), one of the most toxic types of DNA damage. Faulty repair of double strand breaks represents the mechanism of inducing chromosomal aberrations by simple alkylation agents. Homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) are the two possib ...
... strand breaks ({Schwartz, 1989 7398 /id}), one of the most toxic types of DNA damage. Faulty repair of double strand breaks represents the mechanism of inducing chromosomal aberrations by simple alkylation agents. Homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) are the two possib ...
NJBCT Practice Quizzes
... Multiple Choice. Select the best answer. _____1.Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice? (a) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer (b) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice ...
... Multiple Choice. Select the best answer. _____1.Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice? (a) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer (b) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice ...
Genetic Engineering
... • Tandem repeats within a gene: Huntingtons • Tandem repeats at ends: Telomeres ...
... • Tandem repeats within a gene: Huntingtons • Tandem repeats at ends: Telomeres ...
Chapter 6 Microbial Genetics
... Basic Units of Genetics • Genomes – the total of the genetic material in a cell. • Gene - The unit of heredity for a given genetic trait. The site on a DNA molecule that carries the code for a certain cell ...
... Basic Units of Genetics • Genomes – the total of the genetic material in a cell. • Gene - The unit of heredity for a given genetic trait. The site on a DNA molecule that carries the code for a certain cell ...
Types of RNA
... Put the following steps in the correct order: _______You should be able to change to the next objective lenses with only slight focusing adjustment. Use the fine adjustment, if available. If you cannot focus on your specimen, repeat steps 4 through 7 with the higher power objective lens in place. DO ...
... Put the following steps in the correct order: _______You should be able to change to the next objective lenses with only slight focusing adjustment. Use the fine adjustment, if available. If you cannot focus on your specimen, repeat steps 4 through 7 with the higher power objective lens in place. DO ...
About Genetic Diseases
... Genetic diseases are defined as diseases caused by aberrations of genetic material. Therefore, these diseases can potentially be passed from generation to generation. However, not every patient has a family history of a similar problem. This is because new mutations can occur when an individual inhe ...
... Genetic diseases are defined as diseases caused by aberrations of genetic material. Therefore, these diseases can potentially be passed from generation to generation. However, not every patient has a family history of a similar problem. This is because new mutations can occur when an individual inhe ...
mutation - UMDBIO101SUMMER2012
... always result in recessive alleles • not eliminated from the population because they are not usually expressed in most individuals (heterozygotes) • in some cases, particular mutant alleles have become more common in human populations and produce harmful effects called genetic disorders ...
... always result in recessive alleles • not eliminated from the population because they are not usually expressed in most individuals (heterozygotes) • in some cases, particular mutant alleles have become more common in human populations and produce harmful effects called genetic disorders ...
Study Guide: Meiosis and Genetics
... 7.2.3 What is a replication bubble? How doe these bubbles speed the rate of DNA replication? 7.3.1 In what direction is transcription carried out? 7.3.2 Which strand of DNA is used for RNA transcription, the sense or the anti-sense strand? 7.3.3. Explain the process of transcription including: The p ...
... 7.2.3 What is a replication bubble? How doe these bubbles speed the rate of DNA replication? 7.3.1 In what direction is transcription carried out? 7.3.2 Which strand of DNA is used for RNA transcription, the sense or the anti-sense strand? 7.3.3. Explain the process of transcription including: The p ...
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.