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Plasmid modeling Use beads to demonstrate how a gene is
Plasmid modeling Use beads to demonstrate how a gene is

... to the insulin produced in a human pancreas. How is this possible? ...
Document
Document

... • The Huntington's disease gene was localized to chromosome 4 by RFLP analysis. • One gene within the isolated chromosomal region that was abnormal in people with Huntington's disease had an unusual number of CAG codons at the 5' end of the coding region. Healthy individuals have about 11–25 of ...
1. DNA Extraction from a tomato
1. DNA Extraction from a tomato

... Introduction: As you know all living organisms consist of cells. In almost every cell information is stored as DNA. Scientists routinely investigate and manipulate DNA in their laboratories. For many years it was unclear if a person‟s heritage was due to DNA or proteins. ...
S3 Cells, cell uses and DNA Revision summary Fill in any spaces
S3 Cells, cell uses and DNA Revision summary Fill in any spaces

... Organisms pass on some of their genetic information to their offspring Adult cells have _____ copies of every ______. Sperm and egg cells have ____ copy of every gene. Each parent will pass on a copy of each gene to their ___________. The differences between organisms are called __________. There ar ...
DNA Recombination
DNA Recombination

... In order to remove a gene from one cell and insert it into another cell, the gene must be cut from the original chromosome and implanted into the one in the recipient cell. This is accomplished by using special chemicals called restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize a specific sequence of nucl ...
Chapter 14 Transposons, Plasmids, and Bacteriophage
Chapter 14 Transposons, Plasmids, and Bacteriophage

... divides to form a mixture of purple & white cells ...
Things to Know for the Test – Honors
Things to Know for the Test – Honors

... your answer, the process of transcription, translation, what occurs during each, why the processes are read the way they are, where they occur in the cell, etc. DNA is the blueprint of life. It is made of nucleotides that contain the code to make proteins. Proteins control everything that an organis ...
Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... Certain disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, are linked to speci c genes. Some scientists would like to use gene therapy to cure such disorders. Gene therapy involves replacing the nonworking cells with cells that have been genetically altered. Which of these is a logical argument against gene the ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY - Bishop Amat Memorial High School
BIOTECHNOLOGY - Bishop Amat Memorial High School

... n-flash/geneticeng.cfm ...
Transformation
Transformation

... which initiates DNA transfer. Also contains genes for hair-like cell surface (F-pili or sexpili), which aid in contact between cells. 6. No conjugation can occur between cells of the same mating type. 7. Conjugation begins when the F plasmid is nicked at the origin, and a single strand is transferre ...
Diversity
Diversity

... The size of a genome may change rapidly due to horizontal transfer or fusing of genomes. The cost of replicating additional DNA must be balanced with the benefit of having genes that may lend a selective advantage. If the cell evolves to fill a new niche, losing unused genes may be advantageous. Mos ...
Mutation and DNA Repair
Mutation and DNA Repair

... the “p” is the connecting phosphate) gets methylated: a CH3 group is attached to the 5 position on the ring. When 5-methyl cytosine is spontaneously deaminated, it is converted to thymine, a standard DNA base. Replication leads to a base change: one daughter stays a C-G base pair while the other is ...
Replication Transcription Translation
Replication Transcription Translation

... • Occurs in the nucleus of the cell • 1 Strand DNA  2 Strands RNA • The primary enzyme involved in this process is RNA Polymerase ...
Rationale of Genetic Studies Some goals of genetic studies include
Rationale of Genetic Studies Some goals of genetic studies include

... I recommend Chapter 1 of the Sham text for a quick introduction to these fundamental concepts. Biologists distinguish two types of cells, eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells contain many membrane bound organelles, small memb ...
Rosa blanda
Rosa blanda

... Biodiversity, in the simplest terms, means variation in living systems and that is extremely important to any habitat that wants to continue to survive and grow. Biodiversity is important because it boosts ecosystem productivity. Examples of this include how if there are more variety of a certain sp ...
投影片 1
投影片 1

... 1. H2A.z histone inhibits nucleosome from forming repressive chromatin structures, creating regions of easily accessible chromatin that are more compatible with transcription ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 06. Higher concentration of auxin and lower concentration of cytokinin induces shoot formation. 07. Sodium alginate is used as a medium for synthetic seed production. 08. Mitochondrial DNA is a circular and single stranded molecule. 09. Maxam and Gilbert’s sequencing method involves chain terminatio ...
DNA Mutations - U
DNA Mutations - U

... copied, the altered base will pair with an incorrect base and cause a MUTATION!  Environmental ...
Chromosomes
Chromosomes

... • gene = a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule • As a eukaryotic cell prepares to divide the DNA and proteins associated with the DNA coil into a structure called a chromosome. • Before DNA coils, the DNA is copied. • The two exact copies of DNA that make up the chromosome are ca ...
DNA
DNA

Chapter 12: Genetic Engineering
Chapter 12: Genetic Engineering

... DNA fragment and a plasmid consists of parts from different kinds of organisms In genetic engineering, molecules of combined DNA are known as chimeras because they are produced by combining DNA from different species Combined DNA is also known as recombinant DNA, since DNA from two sources have been ...
presentation source
presentation source

... – Operator is second regulatory site, adjacent to promoter fig 16.12 – lac repressor binds to operator, only when lactose absent – Repressor covers part of promoter when bound to operator ...
GenTech Unit 2 DNA
GenTech Unit 2 DNA

... there are 50 types of genetically engineered plants that resist insects, viruses, and herbicides. ...
Molecular Genetics
Molecular Genetics

...  The difference in the size of genome is mainly due to a different number of identical sequence of various size arranged in sequence  The gene for ribosomal RNAs occur as repetitive sequence and together with the genes for some transfer RNAs in several thousand of copies  Structural genes are pre ...
DNA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
DNA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

... IDENTICLE DNA WILL FRAGMENT IN THE SAME LOCATION WHICH WILL PRODUCE THE SAME FRAGMENT PATTERNS ON A GEL  DNA FROM DIFFERENT PEOPLE WILL FRAGMENT AT DIFFERENT PLACES AND THE FRAGMENT PATTERNS WILL BE DIFFERENT ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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