splicing
... • MicroRNAs do not serve solely as modulators of cellular gene activity • Evidence suggests that they also act as antiviral agents by targeting viral mRNAs • David and colleagues demonstrated in 2008 that interferon- stimulates the production of many miRNAs and that several were complementary to pa ...
... • MicroRNAs do not serve solely as modulators of cellular gene activity • Evidence suggests that they also act as antiviral agents by targeting viral mRNAs • David and colleagues demonstrated in 2008 that interferon- stimulates the production of many miRNAs and that several were complementary to pa ...
Chapter 4. Studying DNA Learning outcomes 4.1. Enzymes for DNA
... 1. Give outline descriptions of the events involved in DNA cloning and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and state the applications and limitations of these techniques 2. Describe the activities and main applications of the different types of enzyme used in recombinant DNA research 3. Identify th ...
... 1. Give outline descriptions of the events involved in DNA cloning and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and state the applications and limitations of these techniques 2. Describe the activities and main applications of the different types of enzyme used in recombinant DNA research 3. Identify th ...
Replication timing as an epigenetic mark
... Developmental regulation is a key hallmark of an epigenetic mark.7 While the aforementioned observations make a strong case for the mitotic inheritance of replication timing profiles in a given cell type, evidence for developmental regulation has been primarily anecdotal.12 As described, the first a ...
... Developmental regulation is a key hallmark of an epigenetic mark.7 While the aforementioned observations make a strong case for the mitotic inheritance of replication timing profiles in a given cell type, evidence for developmental regulation has been primarily anecdotal.12 As described, the first a ...
functional analysis of chromatin assembly genes in tetrahymena
... The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome composed of ~147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. Post-translational modifications such as histone acetylation or the substitution of histone variants in place of core histones have been implicated in various ch ...
... The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome composed of ~147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. Post-translational modifications such as histone acetylation or the substitution of histone variants in place of core histones have been implicated in various ch ...
ELMER: An R/Bioconductor Tool Inferring Regulatory Element
... comprehensive list of putative enhancer and TSS annotated by GENCODE V15 and UCSC-gene will be used to select distal enhancer probes. But user can use their own TSS annotation or features such as H3K27ac ChIP-seq in a certain cell line. #get distal enhancer probes that are 2kb away from TSS and over ...
... comprehensive list of putative enhancer and TSS annotated by GENCODE V15 and UCSC-gene will be used to select distal enhancer probes. But user can use their own TSS annotation or features such as H3K27ac ChIP-seq in a certain cell line. #get distal enhancer probes that are 2kb away from TSS and over ...
A novel DNA modification by sulphur
... cluster could be introduced into Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226 (ZX67, Fig. 4), Streptomyces parvulus ATCC12434 (ZX68, Fig. 4) and Micromonospora sp. 40027 (Li et al., 2003), all with DNA that is stable during electrophoresis and lacks DNA modification. Significantly, upon integration, DNA of all ...
... cluster could be introduced into Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226 (ZX67, Fig. 4), Streptomyces parvulus ATCC12434 (ZX68, Fig. 4) and Micromonospora sp. 40027 (Li et al., 2003), all with DNA that is stable during electrophoresis and lacks DNA modification. Significantly, upon integration, DNA of all ...
LECTURE 13: EPIGENETICS – IMPRINTING Reading: Ch. 18, p
... pronucleus and a paternally-derived pronucleus developed normally, but embryos from the fusion of two maternally-derived pronuclei or two maternally-derived pronuclei did not develop normally. The only possible genetic difference between males and females in this experiment was the sex chromosomes, ...
... pronucleus and a paternally-derived pronucleus developed normally, but embryos from the fusion of two maternally-derived pronuclei or two maternally-derived pronuclei did not develop normally. The only possible genetic difference between males and females in this experiment was the sex chromosomes, ...
Transition bias and substitution models
... about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the state of Science, ...
... about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the state of Science, ...
Package `rDNA`
... Specify a list of persons to be included in the statistics. For example, c("person 1", "person 2"). Note that the names must appear exactly as they are used on the dataset. Alternatively, the string value all will include all persons in the .dna file. include.organizations Specify a list of organiza ...
... Specify a list of persons to be included in the statistics. For example, c("person 1", "person 2"). Note that the names must appear exactly as they are used on the dataset. Alternatively, the string value all will include all persons in the .dna file. include.organizations Specify a list of organiza ...
Imprinting and Seed Development
... Lin (1982) also distinguished specific maize chromosome arms that had a parent-specific effect on seed size. Seeds with endosperm that lacked part of a chromosome or contained it in duplicate were created by reciprocal translocations between standard chromosomes and the accessory B chromosomes, whic ...
... Lin (1982) also distinguished specific maize chromosome arms that had a parent-specific effect on seed size. Seeds with endosperm that lacked part of a chromosome or contained it in duplicate were created by reciprocal translocations between standard chromosomes and the accessory B chromosomes, whic ...
From Genetics to DNA
... distinction made above between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes. In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read 5′ to 3′ along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction (still 5′ to 3′) along the other strand. In ba ...
... distinction made above between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes. In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read 5′ to 3′ along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction (still 5′ to 3′) along the other strand. In ba ...
View PDF
... genes, one from each parent. This redundancy probably evolved by selection for a ‘backup’ copy of each gene, in case one copy is mutated. Genes subject to genomic imprinting (!100 in humans and mice [1]) forgo this safety-net because they inactivate either the maternal or paternal allele, causing at ...
... genes, one from each parent. This redundancy probably evolved by selection for a ‘backup’ copy of each gene, in case one copy is mutated. Genes subject to genomic imprinting (!100 in humans and mice [1]) forgo this safety-net because they inactivate either the maternal or paternal allele, causing at ...
Force spectroscopy of single DNA and RNA molecules Mark C
... molecule to 1.7 times its contour length [2,19]. To describe this transition, a model of overstretched DNA as a new double-stranded form of DNA, referred to as S-DNA, was proposed [19]. Although models describing S-DNA did predict an overstretching transition, the predicted transition was less coope ...
... molecule to 1.7 times its contour length [2,19]. To describe this transition, a model of overstretched DNA as a new double-stranded form of DNA, referred to as S-DNA, was proposed [19]. Although models describing S-DNA did predict an overstretching transition, the predicted transition was less coope ...
Genetic Technology - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... entire genes, but it can make small fragments that can act as primers to DNA replication. If one primer is made for each end of the region of interest, they act to bracket the region to be amplified, ensuring only that region will be replicated. These are usually 15 or more bases in length, which en ...
... entire genes, but it can make small fragments that can act as primers to DNA replication. If one primer is made for each end of the region of interest, they act to bracket the region to be amplified, ensuring only that region will be replicated. These are usually 15 or more bases in length, which en ...
View Full PDF
... Recent studies [10–18] have provided molecular evidence that modification of chromatin structure by HDAC is an important mechanism in the control of gene transcription. Transcriptional repression by a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor can be mediated by the recruitment of a deacetylase to the pro ...
... Recent studies [10–18] have provided molecular evidence that modification of chromatin structure by HDAC is an important mechanism in the control of gene transcription. Transcriptional repression by a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor can be mediated by the recruitment of a deacetylase to the pro ...
cached copy
... interesting structures. Naturally occurring DNA forms a linear chain, like a long piece of twine, so that all one can envision making from it is lines or circles, perhaps snarled up or knotted in one way or another. But a linear chain is not the only form that DNA takes. During certain cellular proc ...
... interesting structures. Naturally occurring DNA forms a linear chain, like a long piece of twine, so that all one can envision making from it is lines or circles, perhaps snarled up or knotted in one way or another. But a linear chain is not the only form that DNA takes. During certain cellular proc ...
change in `ploidy`
... A. Overview B. Changes in Ploidy - These are the most dramatic changes, adding a whole SET of chromosomes 1. Mechanism #1: Complete failure of Meiosis - if meiosis fails, reduction does not occur and a diploid gamete is produced. This can occur because of failure of homologs OR sister chromatids to ...
... A. Overview B. Changes in Ploidy - These are the most dramatic changes, adding a whole SET of chromosomes 1. Mechanism #1: Complete failure of Meiosis - if meiosis fails, reduction does not occur and a diploid gamete is produced. This can occur because of failure of homologs OR sister chromatids to ...
Modeling Spatial Correlation of DNA Deformation
... At the other end of the length scale spectrum, a widely used theoretical modelthe worm-like chain (WLC) model,16 proposes to treat DNA as a semiflexible polymer chain that behaves like an elastic rod.17 In this continuous description of DNA, all of the local details of the DNA molecule are coarsegra ...
... At the other end of the length scale spectrum, a widely used theoretical modelthe worm-like chain (WLC) model,16 proposes to treat DNA as a semiflexible polymer chain that behaves like an elastic rod.17 In this continuous description of DNA, all of the local details of the DNA molecule are coarsegra ...
1 Introduction
... localization signals (NLS), spanning amino acids 1422-1489 or 14541497, have been identified in etoposide-resistant cell lines (Takano and Fojo, 1995). At present, these mutations in NLS sequences are only found in IIα isoforms, and consequently the enzyme is extra-nuclear (Feldhoff et al, 1994; Mir ...
... localization signals (NLS), spanning amino acids 1422-1489 or 14541497, have been identified in etoposide-resistant cell lines (Takano and Fojo, 1995). At present, these mutations in NLS sequences are only found in IIα isoforms, and consequently the enzyme is extra-nuclear (Feldhoff et al, 1994; Mir ...
chapter 7 mutation and repair of dna
... Without such mutations, no changes would occur in populations of species to allow them to adapt to changes in the environment. Mutations in the DNA of germline cells fall into three categories with respect to their impact on evolution. Most have no effect on phenotype; these include sequence changes ...
... Without such mutations, no changes would occur in populations of species to allow them to adapt to changes in the environment. Mutations in the DNA of germline cells fall into three categories with respect to their impact on evolution. Most have no effect on phenotype; these include sequence changes ...
Chpt7_RepairDNA.doc
... Without such mutations, no changes would occur in populations of species to allow them to adapt to changes in the environment. Mutations in the DNA of germline cells fall into three categories with respect to their impact on evolution. Most have no effect on phenotype; these include sequence changes ...
... Without such mutations, no changes would occur in populations of species to allow them to adapt to changes in the environment. Mutations in the DNA of germline cells fall into three categories with respect to their impact on evolution. Most have no effect on phenotype; these include sequence changes ...
Drug-specific Sites of Topoisomerase II DNA
... observed in vivo (16). Nevertheless, others groups have described differences in cleavage patterns in viral (20), episomal (21), and cellular chromatin (22) following cell treatments with structurally unrelated inhibitors, mAMSA and VM-26, suggesting that the in vivo site selectivity is determined, ...
... observed in vivo (16). Nevertheless, others groups have described differences in cleavage patterns in viral (20), episomal (21), and cellular chromatin (22) following cell treatments with structurally unrelated inhibitors, mAMSA and VM-26, suggesting that the in vivo site selectivity is determined, ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... facilitate the development of many tissues. For example, RNAi knockdown of 150 mouse embryonic stem cell lncRNAs identified more than 20 lncRNAs that are required for maintenance of pluripotency.16 Cyrano is a zebrafish lncRNA required for normal embryonic development, and its depletion produces centr ...
... facilitate the development of many tissues. For example, RNAi knockdown of 150 mouse embryonic stem cell lncRNAs identified more than 20 lncRNAs that are required for maintenance of pluripotency.16 Cyrano is a zebrafish lncRNA required for normal embryonic development, and its depletion produces centr ...
Reflection on Lloyd/Rhind Genetics Unit First and Foremost
... me students, but for myself as a Biology instructor as well. Mr. Rhind has been supportive in every way towards helping us all better grasp the genetics topics we attempted to cover. His knowledge and patience were key to making this unit work so successfully. I found that the Journaling and DNA ext ...
... me students, but for myself as a Biology instructor as well. Mr. Rhind has been supportive in every way towards helping us all better grasp the genetics topics we attempted to cover. His knowledge and patience were key to making this unit work so successfully. I found that the Journaling and DNA ext ...
DNA Mutation and Repair
... • All of these damage scenarios have the potential to lead to mutation if not fixed • Some of them can prevent replication from occurring so mechanisms have evolved to allow replication in spite of the problems • Most of these mechanisms are ‘last resort’ type processes and are very error prone • Th ...
... • All of these damage scenarios have the potential to lead to mutation if not fixed • Some of them can prevent replication from occurring so mechanisms have evolved to allow replication in spite of the problems • Most of these mechanisms are ‘last resort’ type processes and are very error prone • Th ...
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. Hence, epigenetic research seeks to describe dynamic alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell. These alterations may or may not be heritable, although the use of the term ""epigenetic"" to describe processes that are not heritable is controversial. Unlike genetics based on changes to the DNA sequence (the genotype), the changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype of epigenetics have other causes, thus use of the prefix epi- (Greek: επί- over, outside of, around).The term also refers to the changes themselves: functionally relevant changes to the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Examples of mechanisms that produce such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. These epigenetic changes may last through cell divisions for the duration of the cell's life, and may also last for multiple generations even though they do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave (or ""express themselves"") differently.One example of an epigenetic change in eukaryotic biology is the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. In other words, as a single fertilized egg cell – the zygote – continues to divide, the resulting daughter cells change into all the different cell types in an organism, including neurons, muscle cells, epithelium, endothelium of blood vessels, etc., by activating some genes while inhibiting the expression of others.