MICROBIAL GENETICS-III UGc - E
... differs from uracil only in having a methyl group at the 5-position, that is thymine is 5methyluracil. Nucleosides In nucleic acids, the bases are covalently attached to the 1_position of a pentose sugar ring, to form a nucleoside (Fig. 2). In RNA, the sugar is ribose, and in DNA, it is 2_-deoxyribo ...
... differs from uracil only in having a methyl group at the 5-position, that is thymine is 5methyluracil. Nucleosides In nucleic acids, the bases are covalently attached to the 1_position of a pentose sugar ring, to form a nucleoside (Fig. 2). In RNA, the sugar is ribose, and in DNA, it is 2_-deoxyribo ...
1 Defining the epigenetic mechanism of asymmetric cell division of
... KLAR 1997). The donors are used as source of genetic information and a copy of one of the donor locus is transposed to substitute the mat1 allele resulting in a cell-type switch. The mat1-P allele encodes two mating-type genes, Pc and Pi, and the mat1-M cassette encodes Mc and Mi genes (KELLY ET AL. ...
... KLAR 1997). The donors are used as source of genetic information and a copy of one of the donor locus is transposed to substitute the mat1 allele resulting in a cell-type switch. The mat1-P allele encodes two mating-type genes, Pc and Pi, and the mat1-M cassette encodes Mc and Mi genes (KELLY ET AL. ...
The physics behind the larger scale organization of DNA in eukaryotes
... in the model that start to matter at such small fiber diameters. 2.3. Energetics: elasticity and electrostatics One important property we need to address is the energetics involved in the models. It is usually inferred from experiments that the linker histones are crucial [20, 19]. For example, Rout ...
... in the model that start to matter at such small fiber diameters. 2.3. Energetics: elasticity and electrostatics One important property we need to address is the energetics involved in the models. It is usually inferred from experiments that the linker histones are crucial [20, 19]. For example, Rout ...
network - bioinf leipzig
... Kernels are the initial modules of the network that impact most other parts of the net-work. They are, for instance, involved in the initiation of the development of certain body parts. Differentiation batteries may play a role in terminal steps of the differentiation of body parts and do generally ...
... Kernels are the initial modules of the network that impact most other parts of the net-work. They are, for instance, involved in the initiation of the development of certain body parts. Differentiation batteries may play a role in terminal steps of the differentiation of body parts and do generally ...
Restriction Enzyme Digest and Plasmid mapping
... restriction enzyme is then used to cut out the targeted gene from the rest of the chromosome. This same enzyme is also used to cut the DNA of the recipient into which the fragment will be inserted. Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sites. Restriction enzymes, also known as re ...
... restriction enzyme is then used to cut out the targeted gene from the rest of the chromosome. This same enzyme is also used to cut the DNA of the recipient into which the fragment will be inserted. Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sites. Restriction enzymes, also known as re ...
Cutting Edge: DNA Polymerases and Are Dispensable for Ig Gene
... excluded its participation in the mutation process (5). Over the past 4 years, nine additional DNA polymerases (if one includes Rev1, a deoxycytidyl transferase) have been identified (reviewed in Ref. 2). Although many of these enzymes have bacterial or yeast homologs with known repair function, the ...
... excluded its participation in the mutation process (5). Over the past 4 years, nine additional DNA polymerases (if one includes Rev1, a deoxycytidyl transferase) have been identified (reviewed in Ref. 2). Although many of these enzymes have bacterial or yeast homologs with known repair function, the ...
Extrachromosomal DNA Transformationof Caenorhabditis elegans
... and cultured mammalian cells (for a review, see reference 41). Isolated and defined DNA sequences can be introduced, and their effects on the in vivo physiology of the cell can be assessed. For instance, DNA transformation has played a paramount role in the isolation and analysis of genes that alter ...
... and cultured mammalian cells (for a review, see reference 41). Isolated and defined DNA sequences can be introduced, and their effects on the in vivo physiology of the cell can be assessed. For instance, DNA transformation has played a paramount role in the isolation and analysis of genes that alter ...
Epigenetic Regulation ofbdnfGene Transcription in the
... is in a highly methylated or unmethylated basal state, the two different primer sets will be preferentially sensitive to alterations in methylation (Li and Dahiya, 2002). For example, a specific CpG island that is highly methylated in the basal state is much more likely to reveal demethylation chang ...
... is in a highly methylated or unmethylated basal state, the two different primer sets will be preferentially sensitive to alterations in methylation (Li and Dahiya, 2002). For example, a specific CpG island that is highly methylated in the basal state is much more likely to reveal demethylation chang ...
187-192. Control of transcription by Pontin and Reptin
... Pontin and Reptin are two closely related members of the AAA+ family of DNA helicases. They play roles in diverse cellular processes, including the response to DNA double-strand breaks and the control of gene expression. The two proteins share residence in different multi-protein complexes, such as ...
... Pontin and Reptin are two closely related members of the AAA+ family of DNA helicases. They play roles in diverse cellular processes, including the response to DNA double-strand breaks and the control of gene expression. The two proteins share residence in different multi-protein complexes, such as ...
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... The Dlk1-Gtl2 imprinting locus is located on mouse distal chromosome 12 and consists of multiple maternally expressed noncoding RNAs and several paternally expressed protein-coding genes. The imprinting of this locus plays a crucial role in embryonic development and postnatal growth. At least one ci ...
... The Dlk1-Gtl2 imprinting locus is located on mouse distal chromosome 12 and consists of multiple maternally expressed noncoding RNAs and several paternally expressed protein-coding genes. The imprinting of this locus plays a crucial role in embryonic development and postnatal growth. At least one ci ...
KAIE LOKK Comparative genome-wide DNA methylation
... CpG dinucleotides, of which approximately 70–80% are methylated throughout the genome (Busche et al., 2015). The remaining unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are mostly grouped in dense clusters called CpG islands (CGIs), and these are often found near gene promoters and other regulatory regions. Housek ...
... CpG dinucleotides, of which approximately 70–80% are methylated throughout the genome (Busche et al., 2015). The remaining unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are mostly grouped in dense clusters called CpG islands (CGIs), and these are often found near gene promoters and other regulatory regions. Housek ...
Identification of Genes Mediating Drosophila Follicle Cell Progenitor
... The general strategy for identifying genomic regions that are dosage sensitive for GAL4::UAS variegation is shown in Figure 1, B and C. We used two collections of largely isogenic strains bearing balanced heterozygous molecularly characterized deficiencies (also known as deletions). Chromosome 2 stoc ...
... The general strategy for identifying genomic regions that are dosage sensitive for GAL4::UAS variegation is shown in Figure 1, B and C. We used two collections of largely isogenic strains bearing balanced heterozygous molecularly characterized deficiencies (also known as deletions). Chromosome 2 stoc ...
DNA Testing - Who Murdered Robert Wone
... millions or billions of DNA molecules in about three hours. The PCR process is sometimes compared to a Xerox machine since many copies are made. While initially, this is a useful comparison, it doesn't communicate the true, chain-reaction nature of PCR. In PCR, the original DNA is copied, then the c ...
... millions or billions of DNA molecules in about three hours. The PCR process is sometimes compared to a Xerox machine since many copies are made. While initially, this is a useful comparison, it doesn't communicate the true, chain-reaction nature of PCR. In PCR, the original DNA is copied, then the c ...
Nutrigenomics in the Patient Care Process: Figuring Out the Puzzle
... sequence to another (switching nucleotide) • We all have SNPs • A person’s genome (and their SNPs) do not change ...
... sequence to another (switching nucleotide) • We all have SNPs • A person’s genome (and their SNPs) do not change ...
Chapter 12 Recombinant DNA Technology Key Concepts
... gene from the genome. Although it is relatively easy to isolate DNA from living tissue, DNA in a test tube looks like a glob of mucus. How could it be possible to isolate a single gene from this tangled mass of DNA threads? Recombinant DNA technology provides the techniques for doing just that, and ...
... gene from the genome. Although it is relatively easy to isolate DNA from living tissue, DNA in a test tube looks like a glob of mucus. How could it be possible to isolate a single gene from this tangled mass of DNA threads? Recombinant DNA technology provides the techniques for doing just that, and ...
Osteoclasts
... Osteoclastogenesis is tightly regulated by various transcriptional factors, which play pivotal roles by reorganizing gene networks (10). Recently, epigenetic regulations, such as histone modifications and chromatin remodeling, have been revealed as essential for the regulation of gene expression by ...
... Osteoclastogenesis is tightly regulated by various transcriptional factors, which play pivotal roles by reorganizing gene networks (10). Recently, epigenetic regulations, such as histone modifications and chromatin remodeling, have been revealed as essential for the regulation of gene expression by ...
Developmental timing in Dictyostelium is regulated by the Set1 histone methyltransferase
... genome (Eichinger et al., 2005) that encodes chromatin proteins and modifying enzymes conserved with those in higher eukaryotes. In addition, the organism is highly amenable, with powerful haploid molecular genetics (De Lozanne and Spudich, 1987). Individual Dictyostelium cells enter their program o ...
... genome (Eichinger et al., 2005) that encodes chromatin proteins and modifying enzymes conserved with those in higher eukaryotes. In addition, the organism is highly amenable, with powerful haploid molecular genetics (De Lozanne and Spudich, 1987). Individual Dictyostelium cells enter their program o ...
Gene Regulatory Network of Ikaros in T cell development and
... Ikaros is a master regulator of lymphogenesis, especially critical for lymphoid differentiation and maturation. Recurrent genomic lesions of Ikaros have been found associated with high risks of relapse of leukemia and poor outcome of therapy. However, it remains unclear about the gene regulatory net ...
... Ikaros is a master regulator of lymphogenesis, especially critical for lymphoid differentiation and maturation. Recurrent genomic lesions of Ikaros have been found associated with high risks of relapse of leukemia and poor outcome of therapy. However, it remains unclear about the gene regulatory net ...
Yeast whole-genome analysis of conserved regulatory motifs
... Epigenomics tools to address these challenges ...
... Epigenomics tools to address these challenges ...
De Novo Nonsense Mutations in KAT6A, a Lysine Acetyl
... Histone-modifying enzymes play key roles in transcriptional regulation and control major cellular processes such as the cell cycle,1,2 stem cell maintenance, and differentiation.3,4 These enzymes function within multisubunit protein complexes that target acetyltransferases and deacetylases to specif ...
... Histone-modifying enzymes play key roles in transcriptional regulation and control major cellular processes such as the cell cycle,1,2 stem cell maintenance, and differentiation.3,4 These enzymes function within multisubunit protein complexes that target acetyltransferases and deacetylases to specif ...
Journal Club Pack - Circulation Research
... although we have previously shown that phenotypic switching of cultured SMC is dependent on Krupplelike factor (KLF)4. Objective: The goals of the present studies were to ascertain if (1) injury-induced repression of SM22α gene after vascular injury is mediated through KLF4 binding to the G/C Repres ...
... although we have previously shown that phenotypic switching of cultured SMC is dependent on Krupplelike factor (KLF)4. Objective: The goals of the present studies were to ascertain if (1) injury-induced repression of SM22α gene after vascular injury is mediated through KLF4 binding to the G/C Repres ...
Transition Bias
... about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the state of Science, ...
... about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the state of Science, ...
Electrokinetic Stretching of Tethered DNA
... DNA in an electric field. Their data also show a large scatter, again possibly due to EOF, gel interactions, or because the molecules had not reached an equilibrium length before unhooking. Bakajin et al. (1998) studied the stretching of single molecules wrapped around microfabricated posts in thin ...
... DNA in an electric field. Their data also show a large scatter, again possibly due to EOF, gel interactions, or because the molecules had not reached an equilibrium length before unhooking. Bakajin et al. (1998) studied the stretching of single molecules wrapped around microfabricated posts in thin ...
Long Noncoding RNA as a Regulator for Transcription
... the signals. Actually, we have found that the cyclin D1-pncRNA could work as a sensor for genotoxic signal of ionizing radiation (Wang et al. 2008b). X-chromosome inactivation employs the ncRNA, the 1.6-kb RepA that is transcribed from the fragment of the Xist locus as an antisense RNA (Zhao et al. ...
... the signals. Actually, we have found that the cyclin D1-pncRNA could work as a sensor for genotoxic signal of ionizing radiation (Wang et al. 2008b). X-chromosome inactivation employs the ncRNA, the 1.6-kb RepA that is transcribed from the fragment of the Xist locus as an antisense RNA (Zhao et al. ...
The distribution of DNA translocation times in solid
... electrical driving force = Q ∗ E assuming that Q ∗ does not change as solution viscosity changes. Both Q ∗ E and Fdrag are shown in figure 2(D). This analysis suggests that the estimated electrical driving force exerted on a DNA molecule would be ∼23 pN. The drag force calculated decreased as the so ...
... electrical driving force = Q ∗ E assuming that Q ∗ does not change as solution viscosity changes. Both Q ∗ E and Fdrag are shown in figure 2(D). This analysis suggests that the estimated electrical driving force exerted on a DNA molecule would be ∼23 pN. The drag force calculated decreased as the so ...
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. Hence, epigenetic research seeks to describe dynamic alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell. These alterations may or may not be heritable, although the use of the term ""epigenetic"" to describe processes that are not heritable is controversial. Unlike genetics based on changes to the DNA sequence (the genotype), the changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype of epigenetics have other causes, thus use of the prefix epi- (Greek: επί- over, outside of, around).The term also refers to the changes themselves: functionally relevant changes to the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Examples of mechanisms that produce such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. These epigenetic changes may last through cell divisions for the duration of the cell's life, and may also last for multiple generations even though they do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave (or ""express themselves"") differently.One example of an epigenetic change in eukaryotic biology is the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. In other words, as a single fertilized egg cell – the zygote – continues to divide, the resulting daughter cells change into all the different cell types in an organism, including neurons, muscle cells, epithelium, endothelium of blood vessels, etc., by activating some genes while inhibiting the expression of others.