Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... temperatures. Second, unlike the case with vernalization, the early-flowering phenotype was inherited in sexual progeny, even when the antisense transgene was lost by segregation. Thus, the demethylation caused by a MET1 antisense gene does not mimic all aspects of vernalization. Perhaps the use of ...
... temperatures. Second, unlike the case with vernalization, the early-flowering phenotype was inherited in sexual progeny, even when the antisense transgene was lost by segregation. Thus, the demethylation caused by a MET1 antisense gene does not mimic all aspects of vernalization. Perhaps the use of ...
Is HP1 an RNA detector that functions both in repression and
... gene mRNA and protein levels in this study are complex and may suggest roles for HP1 in regulating gene expression after the initiation of transcription. At 3 h after heat shock induction, transcript and protein levels were decreased in loss of function mutants but increased in gain of function muta ...
... gene mRNA and protein levels in this study are complex and may suggest roles for HP1 in regulating gene expression after the initiation of transcription. At 3 h after heat shock induction, transcript and protein levels were decreased in loss of function mutants but increased in gain of function muta ...
lecture - Berkeley MCB
... What democracy, I mean, gene regulation, is really like • Trans-acting factors do not distribute in the nucleus based on the primary sequence of the genome: some factors fail to bind most genes that have sequences waiting for them, and other factors bind a large number of genes that do NOT have seq ...
... What democracy, I mean, gene regulation, is really like • Trans-acting factors do not distribute in the nucleus based on the primary sequence of the genome: some factors fail to bind most genes that have sequences waiting for them, and other factors bind a large number of genes that do NOT have seq ...
Topologically Non-linked Circular Duplex DNA
... inverted in aqueous methanol solutions. They suggested that this was best explained as an R → L transition, although there are other possible explanations. Similar inversions were demonstrated in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of DNA at high salt concentration (Zimmer and Luck, 1974), and follo ...
... inverted in aqueous methanol solutions. They suggested that this was best explained as an R → L transition, although there are other possible explanations. Similar inversions were demonstrated in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of DNA at high salt concentration (Zimmer and Luck, 1974), and follo ...
Plant centromeres: structure and control Eric J Richards and R Kelly
... controlling sister chromatid adhesion and driving chromosome movement. Despite their importance, centromeres remain poorly understood, especially in multicellular eukaryotes with large chromosomes. One of the themes developing from work on centromeres in humans and Drosophila is that the centromeric ...
... controlling sister chromatid adhesion and driving chromosome movement. Despite their importance, centromeres remain poorly understood, especially in multicellular eukaryotes with large chromosomes. One of the themes developing from work on centromeres in humans and Drosophila is that the centromeric ...
Effects of Salt Concentrations and Bending Energy on the Extent of
... concentration cDNA (spacing dðoÞ ). As a consequence, even if the DNA were allowed the opportunity to ‘‘escape’’ from its confinement, it would not because there is no thermodynamic driving force for this process. For any lower value of cPEG there is a pressure difference and hence a net force (outw ...
... concentration cDNA (spacing dðoÞ ). As a consequence, even if the DNA were allowed the opportunity to ‘‘escape’’ from its confinement, it would not because there is no thermodynamic driving force for this process. For any lower value of cPEG there is a pressure difference and hence a net force (outw ...
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis
... thesis examination committee, Dr. Anne Bowcock. It is difficult to overstate my gratitude to Anne. It was such a great honor and pleasant to work with Anne and during the past 6 years, she has been giving me enthusiastic supervision in ensuring my academic, professional, financial, and moral well-be ...
... thesis examination committee, Dr. Anne Bowcock. It is difficult to overstate my gratitude to Anne. It was such a great honor and pleasant to work with Anne and during the past 6 years, she has been giving me enthusiastic supervision in ensuring my academic, professional, financial, and moral well-be ...
Regulation of 6sg expression site transcription and switching in
... There are several situations in which eukaryotic cells repress, or silence, the expression of multiple alleles. The parallel that has been most frequently drawn, for trypanosomes, is mating-type switching in yeast. Another phenomenon that has been well described in yeast, which shares several compon ...
... There are several situations in which eukaryotic cells repress, or silence, the expression of multiple alleles. The parallel that has been most frequently drawn, for trypanosomes, is mating-type switching in yeast. Another phenomenon that has been well described in yeast, which shares several compon ...
PDF
... induce a change in higher-order chromatin structure from a condensed heterochromatin-like state to a more open, euchromatic state, and that these changes are not associated with enhanced transcriptional activity (Deng et al., 2008). Thus, these findings are incompatible with the transcriptional elon ...
... induce a change in higher-order chromatin structure from a condensed heterochromatin-like state to a more open, euchromatic state, and that these changes are not associated with enhanced transcriptional activity (Deng et al., 2008). Thus, these findings are incompatible with the transcriptional elon ...
Rethinking heredity, again
... concerning the physical basis of heredity.’’ However, because no mechanism for genetic encoding was known or could be imagined, soft inheritance was deemed impossible. This idea was ultimately enshrined in the Central Dogma of molecular genetics, the exclusive one-way passage of information from DNA ...
... concerning the physical basis of heredity.’’ However, because no mechanism for genetic encoding was known or could be imagined, soft inheritance was deemed impossible. This idea was ultimately enshrined in the Central Dogma of molecular genetics, the exclusive one-way passage of information from DNA ...
Rethinking heredity, again
... concerning the physical basis of heredity.’’ However, because no mechanism for genetic encoding was known or could be imagined, soft inheritance was deemed impossible. This idea was ultimately enshrined in the Central Dogma of molecular genetics, the exclusive one-way passage of information from DNA ...
... concerning the physical basis of heredity.’’ However, because no mechanism for genetic encoding was known or could be imagined, soft inheritance was deemed impossible. This idea was ultimately enshrined in the Central Dogma of molecular genetics, the exclusive one-way passage of information from DNA ...
Imprinted gene expression in hybrids: perturbed
... expression status in human populations. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PARENTAL GENOMES AFFECT IMPRINTED GENE EXPRESSION IN HYBRIDS The developmental establishment and maintenance of imprinting involve complex interactions between cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors, some of which are themselv ...
... expression status in human populations. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PARENTAL GENOMES AFFECT IMPRINTED GENE EXPRESSION IN HYBRIDS The developmental establishment and maintenance of imprinting involve complex interactions between cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors, some of which are themselv ...
Conspiracy of silence among repeated transgenes
... conjecture might be correct. When vertebrates are transformed with exogenous DNA, chromosomal insertions almost always consist of long tandem arrays of the transfected transgene-containing DNA.(5) Sometimes transgene arrays can comprise hundreds or even thousands of copies. In a cytologic study of o ...
... conjecture might be correct. When vertebrates are transformed with exogenous DNA, chromosomal insertions almost always consist of long tandem arrays of the transfected transgene-containing DNA.(5) Sometimes transgene arrays can comprise hundreds or even thousands of copies. In a cytologic study of o ...
Modeling Fragile X Syndrome Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
... FMR1 remained inactive and hypermethylated in iPSCs derived from FXS fibroblasts [32,33,36,38,39]. This suggests that once the incorrect epigenetic marks are established, they are stable and irreversible, or at least resistant to the current reprogramming methods. Interestingly, when De Esch and col ...
... FMR1 remained inactive and hypermethylated in iPSCs derived from FXS fibroblasts [32,33,36,38,39]. This suggests that once the incorrect epigenetic marks are established, they are stable and irreversible, or at least resistant to the current reprogramming methods. Interestingly, when De Esch and col ...
The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign
... Figure 2. Differential impact of DpnI and DpnII R–M systems on transformation. (A) DpnI does not interfere with transformation of a pathogenicity island on me+ (closed blue circles) DNA. Transforming me+ ssDNA (red line) pairing with homologous DNA on host chromosome (black line) displaces the comp ...
... Figure 2. Differential impact of DpnI and DpnII R–M systems on transformation. (A) DpnI does not interfere with transformation of a pathogenicity island on me+ (closed blue circles) DNA. Transforming me+ ssDNA (red line) pairing with homologous DNA on host chromosome (black line) displaces the comp ...
Cleavage of a model DNA replication fork by a Type I restriction
... hemi-methylated site would generate a hemi-methylated site and an unmethylated site, which is a target for restriction cleavage. Generation of an unmethylated site should be generally rare, but it can occur in certain mutants with replication fork crowding, as described below. Therefore, it is possi ...
... hemi-methylated site would generate a hemi-methylated site and an unmethylated site, which is a target for restriction cleavage. Generation of an unmethylated site should be generally rare, but it can occur in certain mutants with replication fork crowding, as described below. Therefore, it is possi ...
Activity Name - Science4Inquiry.com
... 1. Which of the following accurately reflects the correct order of DNA replication? a. Primase creates an RNA primer, helicase unzips the DNA, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides and creates new DNA, DNA polymerase fills in the gaps, DNA ligase seals the fragments of DNA, exonuclease removes the primers ...
... 1. Which of the following accurately reflects the correct order of DNA replication? a. Primase creates an RNA primer, helicase unzips the DNA, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides and creates new DNA, DNA polymerase fills in the gaps, DNA ligase seals the fragments of DNA, exonuclease removes the primers ...
foreign
... Add part totals of the question and write the question total at the end. Count all the ticks for the entire question as a recheck and draw a circle around the question total to confirm correct addition. ...
... Add part totals of the question and write the question total at the end. Count all the ticks for the entire question as a recheck and draw a circle around the question total to confirm correct addition. ...
Protein A gene expression is regulated by DNA supercoiling which
... (Dorman, 1991; Hsieh et al., 1991). In Escherichia coli, it has been estimated that roughly 50 % of the supercoiling is constrained by proteins bound to DNA. The remaining supercoils are maintained actively at the cost of ATP hydrolysis, via topoisomerase activities (Hatfield & Benham, 2002). Thus, ...
... (Dorman, 1991; Hsieh et al., 1991). In Escherichia coli, it has been estimated that roughly 50 % of the supercoiling is constrained by proteins bound to DNA. The remaining supercoils are maintained actively at the cost of ATP hydrolysis, via topoisomerase activities (Hatfield & Benham, 2002). Thus, ...
Waddington`s Legacy in Development and
... noted, you can never be considered as the owner of an idea but words that you create follow you through life and hopefully outlive you. Some of the terms and concepts coined by Waddington—epigenetics, epigenetic landscape, genetic assimilation, canalization—have entered general usage in development, ...
... noted, you can never be considered as the owner of an idea but words that you create follow you through life and hopefully outlive you. Some of the terms and concepts coined by Waddington—epigenetics, epigenetic landscape, genetic assimilation, canalization—have entered general usage in development, ...
Gene Section HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... HDAC2 belongs to class I histone deacetylases that also comprise HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC8. HDAC2 acts as a transcriptional repressor through the desacetylation of lysine residues present at the N-terminal tail of histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). HDAC2 heterodimerise with HDAC1, but the heterodi ...
... HDAC2 belongs to class I histone deacetylases that also comprise HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC8. HDAC2 acts as a transcriptional repressor through the desacetylation of lysine residues present at the N-terminal tail of histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). HDAC2 heterodimerise with HDAC1, but the heterodi ...
Uracil in DNA – occurrence, consequences and repair
... whether mice deficient in Ung develop lymphoproliferative malignancies and have a different life span. Oncogene (2002) 21, 8935 – 8948. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ...
... whether mice deficient in Ung develop lymphoproliferative malignancies and have a different life span. Oncogene (2002) 21, 8935 – 8948. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ...
Defining the Epigenetic Mechanism of Asymmetric Cell Division of
... stem cell asymmetric cell division, in which one daughter cell behaves like the parental cell, while the other daughter cell differentiates to a different cell type. Remarkably, the asymmetric cell division is dictated by the specific daughter cell inheriting template vs. first time synthesized, plus ...
... stem cell asymmetric cell division, in which one daughter cell behaves like the parental cell, while the other daughter cell differentiates to a different cell type. Remarkably, the asymmetric cell division is dictated by the specific daughter cell inheriting template vs. first time synthesized, plus ...
Imprinting capacity of gamete lineages in C. elegans
... with DNA methylation levels, with the maternally-derived alleles generally being more methylated than the paternally-derived alleles. Although reports of parent-of-origin effects in other organisms have been abundant, accounts of parent-of-origin phenomenon in C. elegans have been very rare. A scree ...
... with DNA methylation levels, with the maternally-derived alleles generally being more methylated than the paternally-derived alleles. Although reports of parent-of-origin effects in other organisms have been abundant, accounts of parent-of-origin phenomenon in C. elegans have been very rare. A scree ...
Diversity of DNA methyltransferases that recognize asymmetric
... Multiple lines of evidence suggest that some DNA MTases function as dimers. Further, functional analysis of many restriction-modification systems showed the presence of more than one or fused MTase genes. It was proposed that presence of two MTases responsible for the recognition and methylation of ...
... Multiple lines of evidence suggest that some DNA MTases function as dimers. Further, functional analysis of many restriction-modification systems showed the presence of more than one or fused MTase genes. It was proposed that presence of two MTases responsible for the recognition and methylation of ...
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. Hence, epigenetic research seeks to describe dynamic alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell. These alterations may or may not be heritable, although the use of the term ""epigenetic"" to describe processes that are not heritable is controversial. Unlike genetics based on changes to the DNA sequence (the genotype), the changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype of epigenetics have other causes, thus use of the prefix epi- (Greek: επί- over, outside of, around).The term also refers to the changes themselves: functionally relevant changes to the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Examples of mechanisms that produce such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. These epigenetic changes may last through cell divisions for the duration of the cell's life, and may also last for multiple generations even though they do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave (or ""express themselves"") differently.One example of an epigenetic change in eukaryotic biology is the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. In other words, as a single fertilized egg cell – the zygote – continues to divide, the resulting daughter cells change into all the different cell types in an organism, including neurons, muscle cells, epithelium, endothelium of blood vessels, etc., by activating some genes while inhibiting the expression of others.