Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... without aVecting neuronal survival have been used to explore glial eVects on neuronal parameters (e.g., McBean, 1994; Robitaille, 1998). It should also be possible, in principle, to generate glia harboring mutations that aVect neuronal function but not survival. Although these approaches have proven ...
... without aVecting neuronal survival have been used to explore glial eVects on neuronal parameters (e.g., McBean, 1994; Robitaille, 1998). It should also be possible, in principle, to generate glia harboring mutations that aVect neuronal function but not survival. Although these approaches have proven ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
... By end stage of disease, their proliferation rate is 20-fold higher than in wild-type mice5, and they comprise the majority of actively dividing cells in the spinal cord5,6. However, the cause of this enhanced proliferation in ALS is unknown. To determine when and where NG2+ cells first exhibit this ...
... By end stage of disease, their proliferation rate is 20-fold higher than in wild-type mice5, and they comprise the majority of actively dividing cells in the spinal cord5,6. However, the cause of this enhanced proliferation in ALS is unknown. To determine when and where NG2+ cells first exhibit this ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... and excluded from the dense plexus of fine-caliber axonal processes (Caceres et al., 1984). When neurons from this same culture system were observed developing processes in vitro, MAP2 immunoreactivity was present in axon-like processes during the first week of neurite formation, after which time it ...
... and excluded from the dense plexus of fine-caliber axonal processes (Caceres et al., 1984). When neurons from this same culture system were observed developing processes in vitro, MAP2 immunoreactivity was present in axon-like processes during the first week of neurite formation, after which time it ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... function. In adult mice, TNFα may interfere with memory consolidation, perhaps by regulating NGF levels. ...
... function. In adult mice, TNFα may interfere with memory consolidation, perhaps by regulating NGF levels. ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
Spinal cord and simple reflex arc
... Reflexes can be consciously suppressed by the cortex. The reflex arc is a pathway, which can break down at any point in the pathway. ...
... Reflexes can be consciously suppressed by the cortex. The reflex arc is a pathway, which can break down at any point in the pathway. ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... nucleus (dLGN) [23, 24] although the cellular mechanisms, fragmentation or retraction, remains unclear. This type of timely and restricted axon fragmentation is observed in invertebrates as well. The massive stereotypic changes that occur in all tissues during metamorphosis in insects serve as an ex ...
... nucleus (dLGN) [23, 24] although the cellular mechanisms, fragmentation or retraction, remains unclear. This type of timely and restricted axon fragmentation is observed in invertebrates as well. The massive stereotypic changes that occur in all tissues during metamorphosis in insects serve as an ex ...
Common Mechanisms Underlying Growth Cone Guidance and Axon
... continues to elongate and becomes the single axon. This scenario is also consistent with development of hippocampal neurons in culture (Dotti et al., 1988). About 20 – 40 h after plating, branches begin to extend interstitially from the axon shaft (Fig. 1) and form growth cones at their tips. In con ...
... continues to elongate and becomes the single axon. This scenario is also consistent with development of hippocampal neurons in culture (Dotti et al., 1988). About 20 – 40 h after plating, branches begin to extend interstitially from the axon shaft (Fig. 1) and form growth cones at their tips. In con ...
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA VIDA
... Peripheral nervous system axons are able to regenerate following an injury through the activation of a regeneration program with transport of injury signals from the site of lesion to the cell body. These injury signals will then induce the expression of regeneration enhancers. Both the injury signa ...
... Peripheral nervous system axons are able to regenerate following an injury through the activation of a regeneration program with transport of injury signals from the site of lesion to the cell body. These injury signals will then induce the expression of regeneration enhancers. Both the injury signa ...
Netrin
Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. They are named after the Sanskrit word ""netr"", which means ""one who guides."" Netrins are genetically conserved across nematode worms, fruit flies, frogs, mice, and humans. Structurally, netrin resembles the extracellular matrix protein laminin.Netrins are chemotropic; a growing axon will either move towards or away from a higher concentration of netrin. Though the detailed mechanism of axon guidance is not fully understood, it is known that netrin attraction is mediated through UNC-40/DCC cell surface receptors and repulsion is mediated through UNC-5 receptors. Netrins also act as growth factors, encouraging cell growth activities in target cells. Mice deficient in netrin fail to form the hippocampal comissure or the corpus callosum.A proposed model for netrin activity in the spinal column of developing human embryos is that netrins are released by the floor plate and then are picked up by receptor proteins embedded in the growth cones of axons belonging to neurons in the developing spinal column. The bodies of these neurons remain stationary while the axons follow a path defined by netrins, eventually connecting to neurons inside the embryonic brain by developing synapses. Research supports that new axons tend to follow previously traced pathways, rather than being guided by netrins or related chemotropic factors.