Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF): Neurotrophic Functions and
... Abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which was originally identified and molecularly cloned as a potent mitogen for primary hepatocytes, exhibits multiple biological effects, such as mitogenic, motogenic, morphogenic, and antiapoptotic activities, in the liver and other organs throughout the bo ...
... Abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which was originally identified and molecularly cloned as a potent mitogen for primary hepatocytes, exhibits multiple biological effects, such as mitogenic, motogenic, morphogenic, and antiapoptotic activities, in the liver and other organs throughout the bo ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... show that spinal motoneurons and interneurons can also receive inhibition at the same phase in the swimming cycle as the inhibition of sensory pathway interneurons (Tunstall and Roberts, 1994). This raised the possibility that aINs have two inhibitory roles during locomotion: gating sensory transmis ...
... show that spinal motoneurons and interneurons can also receive inhibition at the same phase in the swimming cycle as the inhibition of sensory pathway interneurons (Tunstall and Roberts, 1994). This raised the possibility that aINs have two inhibitory roles during locomotion: gating sensory transmis ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... al., 1996). Thereby, it is explicitly or implicitly assumed that the individual axons of OSNs project to one glomerulus each. These features are considered the morphological basis of chemosensory maps connecting receptor specificities to the neuronal network of the OB. However, for the latter feature ...
... al., 1996). Thereby, it is explicitly or implicitly assumed that the individual axons of OSNs project to one glomerulus each. These features are considered the morphological basis of chemosensory maps connecting receptor specificities to the neuronal network of the OB. However, for the latter feature ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... vertebrate preparations. Finally, our observations can provide an illustrated guide to complex behavior of neurons and glia in cell culture as well as their dependence upon various trophic factors and responses to neuronal injury. ...
... vertebrate preparations. Finally, our observations can provide an illustrated guide to complex behavior of neurons and glia in cell culture as well as their dependence upon various trophic factors and responses to neuronal injury. ...
Traumatic Injuries to the Spinal Cord
... levels as discussed above on page 4. The resulting fracture or fractures may be unilateral or bilateral. Such disruption of the spinal architecture allows for displacement of one vertebral body upon the adjacent one with compression of the cord between the laminae of the lower vertebra and the body ...
... levels as discussed above on page 4. The resulting fracture or fractures may be unilateral or bilateral. Such disruption of the spinal architecture allows for displacement of one vertebral body upon the adjacent one with compression of the cord between the laminae of the lower vertebra and the body ...
Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... 100 W (rf) at 13.6 Mhz to give an etch rate of approximately 50 nm/minute. After removal of the remaining resist/chrome using acetone/chrome etch the substrates were blanket etched in CHF3 for 30 seconds using the parameters outlined above. Finally the mask plate was cut into 8 individual microscope ...
... 100 W (rf) at 13.6 Mhz to give an etch rate of approximately 50 nm/minute. After removal of the remaining resist/chrome using acetone/chrome etch the substrates were blanket etched in CHF3 for 30 seconds using the parameters outlined above. Finally the mask plate was cut into 8 individual microscope ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... Bath-applied AVP or OXT produced a dose-dependent increase in population bursting activity recorded from ventral roots (Fig. 2). Response latency varied from 30 sec to 3 min, depending on the preparation and the concentration of bath-applied peptide. Responses were quantified by calculating the inte ...
... Bath-applied AVP or OXT produced a dose-dependent increase in population bursting activity recorded from ventral roots (Fig. 2). Response latency varied from 30 sec to 3 min, depending on the preparation and the concentration of bath-applied peptide. Responses were quantified by calculating the inte ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... yielded one single most parsimonious tree that suggests a position of the Chaetognatha as a sister group to the Protostomia [50]. Papillon et al. [51] also analysed the mitochondrial genome of a member of the Spadellidae (Spadella cephaloptera). Contrary to the analysis of Helfenbein et al. [51], th ...
... yielded one single most parsimonious tree that suggests a position of the Chaetognatha as a sister group to the Protostomia [50]. Papillon et al. [51] also analysed the mitochondrial genome of a member of the Spadellidae (Spadella cephaloptera). Contrary to the analysis of Helfenbein et al. [51], th ...
Region-specific requirement for cholesterol
... lipidated Shh secretion (Li et al., 2006; Tian et al., 2005). Lipidmodified Shh has also been shown to form a large multimeric complex in vitro (Chen et al., 2004a; Zeng et al., 2001). It has been suggested that the lipid moieties are embedded in the core of these complexes, analogous to micelles, t ...
... lipidated Shh secretion (Li et al., 2006; Tian et al., 2005). Lipidmodified Shh has also been shown to form a large multimeric complex in vitro (Chen et al., 2004a; Zeng et al., 2001). It has been suggested that the lipid moieties are embedded in the core of these complexes, analogous to micelles, t ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
Coordinate Roles for LIM Homeobox Genes in Directing the
... early lethality of Lim1tlz mutants, we generated ES cells in which both copies of the Lim1 gene carried the Lim1tlz insertion and used these ES cells to generate mutant ↔ wild-type chimeric embryos. ES cells contribute selectively to definitive embryonic tissues (Beddington and Robertson, 1989), and ...
... early lethality of Lim1tlz mutants, we generated ES cells in which both copies of the Lim1 gene carried the Lim1tlz insertion and used these ES cells to generate mutant ↔ wild-type chimeric embryos. ES cells contribute selectively to definitive embryonic tissues (Beddington and Robertson, 1989), and ...
Netrin
Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. They are named after the Sanskrit word ""netr"", which means ""one who guides."" Netrins are genetically conserved across nematode worms, fruit flies, frogs, mice, and humans. Structurally, netrin resembles the extracellular matrix protein laminin.Netrins are chemotropic; a growing axon will either move towards or away from a higher concentration of netrin. Though the detailed mechanism of axon guidance is not fully understood, it is known that netrin attraction is mediated through UNC-40/DCC cell surface receptors and repulsion is mediated through UNC-5 receptors. Netrins also act as growth factors, encouraging cell growth activities in target cells. Mice deficient in netrin fail to form the hippocampal comissure or the corpus callosum.A proposed model for netrin activity in the spinal column of developing human embryos is that netrins are released by the floor plate and then are picked up by receptor proteins embedded in the growth cones of axons belonging to neurons in the developing spinal column. The bodies of these neurons remain stationary while the axons follow a path defined by netrins, eventually connecting to neurons inside the embryonic brain by developing synapses. Research supports that new axons tend to follow previously traced pathways, rather than being guided by netrins or related chemotropic factors.