Neuronal cytoskeleton in synaptic plasticity and regeneration
... are formed by small, actin-rich protrusions called dendritic spines that emerge from the shafts of dendrites. Neuronal activity, particularly synaptic activity, regulates the density, size, and morphology of dendritic spines in developing and adult brain. The synapses on dendritic spines are capable ...
... are formed by small, actin-rich protrusions called dendritic spines that emerge from the shafts of dendrites. Neuronal activity, particularly synaptic activity, regulates the density, size, and morphology of dendritic spines in developing and adult brain. The synapses on dendritic spines are capable ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... Abstract. Recent experimental observations of spiketiming-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) have revitalized the study of synaptic learning rules. The most surprising aspect of these experiments lies in the observation that synapses activated shortly after the occurrence of a postsynaptic spike a ...
... Abstract. Recent experimental observations of spiketiming-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) have revitalized the study of synaptic learning rules. The most surprising aspect of these experiments lies in the observation that synapses activated shortly after the occurrence of a postsynaptic spike a ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... clefts. These regions might be important for the trans-synaptic activation of glutamate receptors20. Association of synapses and astrocyte processes might be a dynamic process. In agreement with this possibility, astrocyte coverage can be altered during development in response to injury and in vario ...
... clefts. These regions might be important for the trans-synaptic activation of glutamate receptors20. Association of synapses and astrocyte processes might be a dynamic process. In agreement with this possibility, astrocyte coverage can be altered during development in response to injury and in vario ...
The Physics of the Brain
... b. Implement using an ODE a model to calculate the average current, compare to a. and to analytical curve ...
... b. Implement using an ODE a model to calculate the average current, compare to a. and to analytical curve ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... By studying NR-driven synaptic modification in the framework of associative memory networks, we show that NR prunes the weaker synapses and modifies the remaining synapses in a sigmoidal manner. The critical variables that govern the pruning process are the degradation dimension and the upper synapt ...
... By studying NR-driven synaptic modification in the framework of associative memory networks, we show that NR prunes the weaker synapses and modifies the remaining synapses in a sigmoidal manner. The critical variables that govern the pruning process are the degradation dimension and the upper synapt ...
11 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Repeated use of synapse increases ability of presynaptic cell to excite postsynaptic neuron – Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic neuron ...
... • Repeated use of synapse increases ability of presynaptic cell to excite postsynaptic neuron – Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic neuron ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... 1.1 Long-Term Potentiaton Long-term potentiation (LTP) was discovered in Oslo, Norway by Bliss and Lomo (1973) in the hippocampus, although the term LTP was introduced two years later by Douglas and Goddard (1975). Initially, Terje Lomo observed that single pulse stimulation of fibers in the perfora ...
... 1.1 Long-Term Potentiaton Long-term potentiation (LTP) was discovered in Oslo, Norway by Bliss and Lomo (1973) in the hippocampus, although the term LTP was introduced two years later by Douglas and Goddard (1975). Initially, Terje Lomo observed that single pulse stimulation of fibers in the perfora ...
Synapse formation in developing neural circuits.
... developing embryo. Neural precursor cells respond to this positional information by expressing a specific set of transcription factors. The combinatorial expression of these transcription factors confers the neural precursor cells with an identity that can then be inherited by its descendants (O’Lea ...
... developing embryo. Neural precursor cells respond to this positional information by expressing a specific set of transcription factors. The combinatorial expression of these transcription factors confers the neural precursor cells with an identity that can then be inherited by its descendants (O’Lea ...
Synaptic Transmission 1
... for the muscle AChR, a = 700 s-1 and b = 30,000 s-1 In the absence of transmitter, the rate of closing will be governed by a. The time constant describing the fall in current will be 1/a, which is 1-2 ms, which outlasts the waveform of [ACh] when acetylcholinesterase is present. The decay time ...
... for the muscle AChR, a = 700 s-1 and b = 30,000 s-1 In the absence of transmitter, the rate of closing will be governed by a. The time constant describing the fall in current will be 1/a, which is 1-2 ms, which outlasts the waveform of [ACh] when acetylcholinesterase is present. The decay time ...
Nancy A. O`Rourke Nicholas C. Weiler Kristina D
... local intracortical axons, but express GluN2A+ NMDARs at long-distance callosal inputs. GluN2B+ NMDARs have slower activation and decay kinetics and pass more current, which may allow more time for integration across the local inputs 47. In contrast, the more precise kinetics of GluN2A+ NMDARs could ...
... local intracortical axons, but express GluN2A+ NMDARs at long-distance callosal inputs. GluN2B+ NMDARs have slower activation and decay kinetics and pass more current, which may allow more time for integration across the local inputs 47. In contrast, the more precise kinetics of GluN2A+ NMDARs could ...
Modeling goal-directed spatial navigation in the rat based on physiological
... effective LTP is less than 40 ms (Levy & Stewart, 1983) and LTP elicited by the single initial spike input is not reliable enough to produce strong Hebbian learning. Repetition of the ordered presentation of neighbouring place cell spikes is needed within the LTP window. A STM buffer can accomplish ...
... effective LTP is less than 40 ms (Levy & Stewart, 1983) and LTP elicited by the single initial spike input is not reliable enough to produce strong Hebbian learning. Repetition of the ordered presentation of neighbouring place cell spikes is needed within the LTP window. A STM buffer can accomplish ...
Full-Text PDF
... circuit formation and refinement remain incompletely understood. While it is well established that sensory and neuronal activities induce structural remodeling of postsynaptic spines, axonal boutons also undergo activity-dependent growth and remodeling. Less is known about this process, but recent s ...
... circuit formation and refinement remain incompletely understood. While it is well established that sensory and neuronal activities induce structural remodeling of postsynaptic spines, axonal boutons also undergo activity-dependent growth and remodeling. Less is known about this process, but recent s ...
Divided by Cytochrome Oxidase: A Map of the Projections from V1 to
... the induction of associative LTP. Such a role is also supported by recent experiments with a caged function– blocking antibody to BDNF (36), although the site of BDNF release is not clear yet. Although an autocrine action of postsynaptically released neurotrophin-4/5 has been proposed for the neurom ...
... the induction of associative LTP. Such a role is also supported by recent experiments with a caged function– blocking antibody to BDNF (36), although the site of BDNF release is not clear yet. Although an autocrine action of postsynaptically released neurotrophin-4/5 has been proposed for the neurom ...
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION I Tim Murphy NRSC 500, 2011
... in the RRP, but Pr high undergoes depression. ...
... in the RRP, but Pr high undergoes depression. ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... toward the cell body (2). Once in the soma the active receptors may change gene expression and mRNA translation, and newly synthesized proteins may be then transported along the axon together with preexisting proteins (3). The BDNF-TrkB complex may also induce postsynaptic responses (4), including t ...
... toward the cell body (2). Once in the soma the active receptors may change gene expression and mRNA translation, and newly synthesized proteins may be then transported along the axon together with preexisting proteins (3). The BDNF-TrkB complex may also induce postsynaptic responses (4), including t ...
Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
... Ca~ + to enter the cell, triggering a series of events that leads to a lasting potentiation of synaptic efficacy in the formerly weak input. If glutamate is prevented from binding to the NMDA receptor by administration of a competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist, such as APY, shortly before pairing th ...
... Ca~ + to enter the cell, triggering a series of events that leads to a lasting potentiation of synaptic efficacy in the formerly weak input. If glutamate is prevented from binding to the NMDA receptor by administration of a competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist, such as APY, shortly before pairing th ...
mRNA at the Synapse - Journal of Neuroscience
... synaptosomal RNA and total hippocampal RNA to a synaptophysin probe. Synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle protein, is synthesized on RER and directed down the axon selectively. As expected, no mRNA for synaptophysin was detected in the synaptosomes. Yet this mRNA was abundant in RNA isolated from the e ...
... synaptosomal RNA and total hippocampal RNA to a synaptophysin probe. Synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle protein, is synthesized on RER and directed down the axon selectively. As expected, no mRNA for synaptophysin was detected in the synaptosomes. Yet this mRNA was abundant in RNA isolated from the e ...
Presynaptic Modulation of the Retinogeniculate Synapse
... stimulation (Chen et al., 2002). In some cases, synaptic responses consisted of a large input and a small input that contributed ⬍10% of the synaptic current. Series resistance (3– 6 M⍀) was monitored to ensure constancy throughout the experiment. Constant bath perfusion (⬃3 ml/ min) was provided wi ...
... stimulation (Chen et al., 2002). In some cases, synaptic responses consisted of a large input and a small input that contributed ⬍10% of the synaptic current. Series resistance (3– 6 M⍀) was monitored to ensure constancy throughout the experiment. Constant bath perfusion (⬃3 ml/ min) was provided wi ...
RNA Trafficking and Local Protein Synthesis in Dendrites: An
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
Synapse Formation in the Absence of Cell Bodies Requires Protein
... detachment of the remaining axon from the substrate and subsequent degeneration. The cell body of L7 was removed 15–18 hr after plating. An SN was then added to the cultures 2–3 hr after dissecting the L7 cell body. By that time, a stable stump forms at the dissection site of the axon of L7. Culture ...
... detachment of the remaining axon from the substrate and subsequent degeneration. The cell body of L7 was removed 15–18 hr after plating. An SN was then added to the cultures 2–3 hr after dissecting the L7 cell body. By that time, a stable stump forms at the dissection site of the axon of L7. Culture ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... • Learn to associate a response with a meaningful stimulus, e.g., reward lever pressing for food • Complex neural circuits related to role played by ...
... • Learn to associate a response with a meaningful stimulus, e.g., reward lever pressing for food • Complex neural circuits related to role played by ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... Liittle statistical evidence for improvement on any of the cognitive tests; often tests gave good, reliability, reproducibility, Incomplete analysis at this point. Fairly non-potent ampakine. Treatment period may not have been long enough and dose should be 3X higher. Some hopeful signs in individua ...
... Liittle statistical evidence for improvement on any of the cognitive tests; often tests gave good, reliability, reproducibility, Incomplete analysis at this point. Fairly non-potent ampakine. Treatment period may not have been long enough and dose should be 3X higher. Some hopeful signs in individua ...
InterimSummary The Nature of Learning
... important one. It involves an association between two stimuli. A stimulus that previously had little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. For example, a defensive eyeblink response can be conditioned to a tone. If we direct a brief puff of air toward a rabb ...
... important one. It involves an association between two stimuli. A stimulus that previously had little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. For example, a defensive eyeblink response can be conditioned to a tone. If we direct a brief puff of air toward a rabb ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... 1998). (The level of NMDA receptor activation must be appropriate, since strong activation induces synaptic potentiation instead.) The inhibition of this LTD induction mechanism may account for why NMDA receptor antagonists prevent deprivation-induced synaptic depression. However, there is now good ...
... 1998). (The level of NMDA receptor activation must be appropriate, since strong activation induces synaptic potentiation instead.) The inhibition of this LTD induction mechanism may account for why NMDA receptor antagonists prevent deprivation-induced synaptic depression. However, there is now good ...
HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and
... Based on their mode of action, two families of E3 ligases are distinguished, i.e. the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) and the Homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT) type. Whereas RING type enzymes bring the ubiquitin-E2 complex into the molecular vicinity of the substrate and facilitate ubiquitin ...
... Based on their mode of action, two families of E3 ligases are distinguished, i.e. the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) and the Homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT) type. Whereas RING type enzymes bring the ubiquitin-E2 complex into the molecular vicinity of the substrate and facilitate ubiquitin ...
Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.It is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity, the ability of chemical synapses to change their strength. As memories are thought to be encoded by modification of synaptic strength, LTP is widely considered one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlies learning and memory.LTP was discovered in the rabbit hippocampus by Terje Lømo in 1966 and has remained a popular subject of research since. Many modern LTP studies seek to better understand its basic biology, while others aim to draw a causal link between LTP and behavioral learning. Still others try to develop methods, pharmacologic or otherwise, of enhancing LTP to improve learning and memory. LTP is also a subject of clinical research, for example, in the areas of Alzheimer's disease and addiction medicine.