Emotion: Cellular Level
... Emotions can be defined as 'states elicited by reinforcing stimuli' (Rolls 1986), whereby the association (innately, through conditioning or learning) of reinforcer stimuli with a behavior is responsible for its emotional coloring. At the cellular level, learning has been hypothetize to reply on syn ...
... Emotions can be defined as 'states elicited by reinforcing stimuli' (Rolls 1986), whereby the association (innately, through conditioning or learning) of reinforcer stimuli with a behavior is responsible for its emotional coloring. At the cellular level, learning has been hypothetize to reply on syn ...
Modification of brain circuits as a result of experience
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. • Correlated activity between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells strengthens synaptic connections between ...
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. • Correlated activity between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells strengthens synaptic connections between ...
Signal learning
... Axiety can be seen as a conditioned emotion and strategies of Pawlow´s theory can be applied: Behavior Therapy ...
... Axiety can be seen as a conditioned emotion and strategies of Pawlow´s theory can be applied: Behavior Therapy ...
Exam 3 suggested answers
... [Total on this part of the exam was 62, but it is counted as being out of 60, i.e. there were 2 free points.] (1) What general question about visual system plasticity are these experiments designed to answer? [4 points; 1 sentence] Is LTP the cellular mechanism that undelies ocular dominance plastic ...
... [Total on this part of the exam was 62, but it is counted as being out of 60, i.e. there were 2 free points.] (1) What general question about visual system plasticity are these experiments designed to answer? [4 points; 1 sentence] Is LTP the cellular mechanism that undelies ocular dominance plastic ...
LTP
... Hebbian Learning • "when an axon of cell A ... excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased" (Hebb, 1949) • Cells that fire togeth ...
... Hebbian Learning • "when an axon of cell A ... excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased" (Hebb, 1949) • Cells that fire togeth ...
Slide
... kinases (which are enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation, the addition of phosphate groups to protein molecules). 2. One of the kinase, Calcium-calmodulin kinase (CaM kinase) remains activated once it is put into that state by Ca2+, even if the level of Ca2+ subsequently falls 3. The activated prote ...
... kinases (which are enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation, the addition of phosphate groups to protein molecules). 2. One of the kinase, Calcium-calmodulin kinase (CaM kinase) remains activated once it is put into that state by Ca2+, even if the level of Ca2+ subsequently falls 3. The activated prote ...
Synaptic Plasticity
... Hebb (1949) hypothesized that “ if one neuron frequently takes part in exciting another, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells and the strength of their connection increases ” ...
... Hebb (1949) hypothesized that “ if one neuron frequently takes part in exciting another, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells and the strength of their connection increases ” ...
Learning at the Cellular Level
... How this be modeled and simulated quickly using the Izhikevich model? ...
... How this be modeled and simulated quickly using the Izhikevich model? ...
LTP
... Synaptic efficacy (strength) is changing with time. Many of these changes are activity-dependent, i.e. the magnitude and direction of change depend on the activity of pre- and post-synaptic neuron. Some of the mechanisms involved: ...
... Synaptic efficacy (strength) is changing with time. Many of these changes are activity-dependent, i.e. the magnitude and direction of change depend on the activity of pre- and post-synaptic neuron. Some of the mechanisms involved: ...
Final Review
... • LTP requires some sort of additive effect of highfrequency stimulation, •Activation of synapses and depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron must occur at the same time •Types of glutamate receptors •NMDA receptors •Non-NMDA receptors ...
... • LTP requires some sort of additive effect of highfrequency stimulation, •Activation of synapses and depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron must occur at the same time •Types of glutamate receptors •NMDA receptors •Non-NMDA receptors ...
Slide ()
... Different neural mechanisms underlie long-term potentiation at each of the three synapses in the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is present at synapses throughout the hippocampus but depends to differing degrees on activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. A. ...
... Different neural mechanisms underlie long-term potentiation at each of the three synapses in the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is present at synapses throughout the hippocampus but depends to differing degrees on activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. A. ...
Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.It is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity, the ability of chemical synapses to change their strength. As memories are thought to be encoded by modification of synaptic strength, LTP is widely considered one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlies learning and memory.LTP was discovered in the rabbit hippocampus by Terje Lømo in 1966 and has remained a popular subject of research since. Many modern LTP studies seek to better understand its basic biology, while others aim to draw a causal link between LTP and behavioral learning. Still others try to develop methods, pharmacologic or otherwise, of enhancing LTP to improve learning and memory. LTP is also a subject of clinical research, for example, in the areas of Alzheimer's disease and addiction medicine.