Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... A prior step in demonstrating that deviations from Poissonian firing can modulate the structure formation in recurrent networks based on neuronal plasticity like STDP, is to show first that different variations of non-Poissonian presynaptic activity impact the postsynaptic spiking activity of a neur ...
... A prior step in demonstrating that deviations from Poissonian firing can modulate the structure formation in recurrent networks based on neuronal plasticity like STDP, is to show first that different variations of non-Poissonian presynaptic activity impact the postsynaptic spiking activity of a neur ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... in the encoding and consolidation of TFC. For instance, pretraining infusions of an NMDAR antagonist into either region impairs TFC, as evidenced by reduced freezing behavior during context and CS retention testing (Gilmartin and Helmstetter, 2010; Quinn et al., 2005). DuPont and colleagues (2014) a ...
... in the encoding and consolidation of TFC. For instance, pretraining infusions of an NMDAR antagonist into either region impairs TFC, as evidenced by reduced freezing behavior during context and CS retention testing (Gilmartin and Helmstetter, 2010; Quinn et al., 2005). DuPont and colleagues (2014) a ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... chemical that tells the heart to slow its rate of beating. Loewi subsequently identified that chemical as acetylcholine (ACh). In further experiments, Loewi stimulated another nerve, called the accelerator nerve, and obtained a speeding-up of heart rate. Moreover, the fluid that bathed the accelerat ...
... chemical that tells the heart to slow its rate of beating. Loewi subsequently identified that chemical as acetylcholine (ACh). In further experiments, Loewi stimulated another nerve, called the accelerator nerve, and obtained a speeding-up of heart rate. Moreover, the fluid that bathed the accelerat ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... Important features of synapses - location, location, location – but how is this determined ...
... Important features of synapses - location, location, location – but how is this determined ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... synaptic strength (Beique et al., 2011; Hou and Man, 2012). It is worth considering whether this later observation undermines the model of synaptic scaling as a global mechanism that scales synaptic weights in response to changes in postsynaptic firing. I would argue instead that these global and l ...
... synaptic strength (Beique et al., 2011; Hou and Man, 2012). It is worth considering whether this later observation undermines the model of synaptic scaling as a global mechanism that scales synaptic weights in response to changes in postsynaptic firing. I would argue instead that these global and l ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... suitable framework for investigating possible computational consequences of changes in specific parameters of a biological synapse. After the presentation of this model in section 2, we analyze the computational consequences of this model in section 3. We focus here on computations on short spike tr ...
... suitable framework for investigating possible computational consequences of changes in specific parameters of a biological synapse. After the presentation of this model in section 2, we analyze the computational consequences of this model in section 3. We focus here on computations on short spike tr ...
Role of Slitrk Family Members in
... 5.2. Slitrks expression in the olfactory system ............................................................... 72 5.3. Slitrks expression in the developing cerebral cortex ............................................. 74 5.4. Slitrks expression in the hippocampal region ............................ ...
... 5.2. Slitrks expression in the olfactory system ............................................................... 72 5.3. Slitrks expression in the developing cerebral cortex ............................................. 74 5.4. Slitrks expression in the hippocampal region ............................ ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... mature domain, what is the role of the pro-domain in secretion? The results of recent experiments indicate that the interaction of the pro-domain of BDNF with sortilin BOX 1, a receptor that is localized mainly intracellularly34,35, controls the mode of BDNF secretion36. Sortilin is co-localized w ...
... mature domain, what is the role of the pro-domain in secretion? The results of recent experiments indicate that the interaction of the pro-domain of BDNF with sortilin BOX 1, a receptor that is localized mainly intracellularly34,35, controls the mode of BDNF secretion36. Sortilin is co-localized w ...
Anatomy Review
... • At a chemical synapse, neuronal membranes are separated by a gap called the synaptic cleft. • Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. •A chemical, called a neurotransmitter, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron. • Chemical synap ...
... • At a chemical synapse, neuronal membranes are separated by a gap called the synaptic cleft. • Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. •A chemical, called a neurotransmitter, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron. • Chemical synap ...
J Darnell, KH2 domain I304N RGG G
... Long-term facilitation: assoc w increase in synaptic sites, new transcription and translation—5-HT induces facilitation Sensorin: increased only under conditions that elicit LTF Increase can occur without cell body of sensory neuron—local regulation of synthesis PI3K inhibitor blocks LTF and sensori ...
... Long-term facilitation: assoc w increase in synaptic sites, new transcription and translation—5-HT induces facilitation Sensorin: increased only under conditions that elicit LTF Increase can occur without cell body of sensory neuron—local regulation of synthesis PI3K inhibitor blocks LTF and sensori ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... plasticity will be treated in a separate subsection (1.1.2.), which will include both classic studies from Aplysia and LTP literature, and also recent views about other possible pathways underlying activity-dependent modifications of synapses. How synapses form, disassemble and remodel will be the s ...
... plasticity will be treated in a separate subsection (1.1.2.), which will include both classic studies from Aplysia and LTP literature, and also recent views about other possible pathways underlying activity-dependent modifications of synapses. How synapses form, disassemble and remodel will be the s ...
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and
... tion cannot account for the reduced NMDAR-mediated EPSCs in lactating rats. If the reduction in NMDAR-mediated EPSCs responses in lactating rats reflects lower concentrations of the endogenous coagonist around synapses, then application of D-serine at saturating concentrations should have a weaker e ...
... tion cannot account for the reduced NMDAR-mediated EPSCs in lactating rats. If the reduction in NMDAR-mediated EPSCs responses in lactating rats reflects lower concentrations of the endogenous coagonist around synapses, then application of D-serine at saturating concentrations should have a weaker e ...
Activity-dependent editing of neuromuscular synaptic connections
... part by competitive interactions among different inputs innervating the same target cell that profoundly influence synaptic strength and structure. While competition plays out among presynaptic inputs that anterogradely influence their targets, postsynaptic target cells also modulate competition, in ...
... part by competitive interactions among different inputs innervating the same target cell that profoundly influence synaptic strength and structure. While competition plays out among presynaptic inputs that anterogradely influence their targets, postsynaptic target cells also modulate competition, in ...
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... dopamine D2 receptors, Gq-coupled group I mGluRs, L-type calcium channels, and CB1 receptor activation, but notably, not NMDA receptors or mAChRs (Calabresi et al., 1992a, 1997; Choi and Lovinger, 1997; Gerdeman et al., 2002; Kreitzer and Malenka, 2005; Sung et al., 2001). The basic model that has e ...
... dopamine D2 receptors, Gq-coupled group I mGluRs, L-type calcium channels, and CB1 receptor activation, but notably, not NMDA receptors or mAChRs (Calabresi et al., 1992a, 1997; Choi and Lovinger, 1997; Gerdeman et al., 2002; Kreitzer and Malenka, 2005; Sung et al., 2001). The basic model that has e ...
Anatomy Review - Interactive Physiology
... a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory 29. (Page 7.) Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most complex human behaviors, including __________ and ____________. a. synapse, learning and memory b. j ...
... a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory 29. (Page 7.) Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most complex human behaviors, including __________ and ____________. a. synapse, learning and memory b. j ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... both LTP and LTD of synapses: Firing of a presynaptic neuron immediately before a postsynaptic neuron results in LTP of synaptic transmission, and the reverse order of firing results in LTD, as shown in Figure 1a,b (Levy and Steward 1983; Markram et al. 1997; Bi and Poo 1998; see also theoretical pap ...
... both LTP and LTD of synapses: Firing of a presynaptic neuron immediately before a postsynaptic neuron results in LTP of synaptic transmission, and the reverse order of firing results in LTD, as shown in Figure 1a,b (Levy and Steward 1983; Markram et al. 1997; Bi and Poo 1998; see also theoretical pap ...
The interplay between neurons and glia in synapse
... release and cause downstream granule cell depolarization [47]. It is still unclear how calcium signaling initiates glutamate release in this context. Astrocytes undergo global and local calcium transients and the calcium signaling properties of these glial cells have been investigated for some time ...
... release and cause downstream granule cell depolarization [47]. It is still unclear how calcium signaling initiates glutamate release in this context. Astrocytes undergo global and local calcium transients and the calcium signaling properties of these glial cells have been investigated for some time ...
NMDA and AMPA Receptors: Development and Status Epilepticus
... Vol. 62 exon 5 (Durand et al. 1993). These splice variants differ in their spatial and temporal expression patterns, they have also different properties in interaction with protein kinases (Bradley et al. 2006). In general, NR1 subunits expression begins already at embryonic day 14 (E14), reaches th ...
... Vol. 62 exon 5 (Durand et al. 1993). These splice variants differ in their spatial and temporal expression patterns, they have also different properties in interaction with protein kinases (Bradley et al. 2006). In general, NR1 subunits expression begins already at embryonic day 14 (E14), reaches th ...
Engineering new synaptic connections in the C. elegans connectome
... mechanisms is the most traditional and widely used. However, these methods mostly target the overall transmission or reception properties of neurons or neuronal populations and thus affect the total neuronal output or input, so that the effective unit of manipulation is actually the neuron rather th ...
... mechanisms is the most traditional and widely used. However, these methods mostly target the overall transmission or reception properties of neurons or neuronal populations and thus affect the total neuronal output or input, so that the effective unit of manipulation is actually the neuron rather th ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... range (0:Imax), with Imax = 12 for foreground neurons and Imax = 4.5 for background neurons. An examination of the resultant neural dynamics confirms that this form of input produces a Gaussian distribution of ISI (data not shown). In each of these simulations, all synaptic connections in the networ ...
... range (0:Imax), with Imax = 12 for foreground neurons and Imax = 4.5 for background neurons. An examination of the resultant neural dynamics confirms that this form of input produces a Gaussian distribution of ISI (data not shown). In each of these simulations, all synaptic connections in the networ ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... biosynthetic activity from dorsal and ventral regions from both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas. Moreover, the activity is higher in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and f ...
... biosynthetic activity from dorsal and ventral regions from both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas. Moreover, the activity is higher in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and f ...
Slide 1
... proximal apical and basal dendritic branch (blue) acts like a computational unit where synaptic inputs are summed (represented by sigmoidal functions in small circles) and multiple branches need to be activated to trigger an action potential (represented by sigmoidal function in large circles). Dist ...
... proximal apical and basal dendritic branch (blue) acts like a computational unit where synaptic inputs are summed (represented by sigmoidal functions in small circles) and multiple branches need to be activated to trigger an action potential (represented by sigmoidal function in large circles). Dist ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... This differential synaptic enhancement by BDNF could be affected by distinct differences in presynaptic calcium channel modulation and/or expression, as well as alterations in calcium release from internal stores, but most likely reflects overall differences in synapse maturity, in that Trk signalin ...
... This differential synaptic enhancement by BDNF could be affected by distinct differences in presynaptic calcium channel modulation and/or expression, as well as alterations in calcium release from internal stores, but most likely reflects overall differences in synapse maturity, in that Trk signalin ...
Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.It is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity, the ability of chemical synapses to change their strength. As memories are thought to be encoded by modification of synaptic strength, LTP is widely considered one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlies learning and memory.LTP was discovered in the rabbit hippocampus by Terje Lømo in 1966 and has remained a popular subject of research since. Many modern LTP studies seek to better understand its basic biology, while others aim to draw a causal link between LTP and behavioral learning. Still others try to develop methods, pharmacologic or otherwise, of enhancing LTP to improve learning and memory. LTP is also a subject of clinical research, for example, in the areas of Alzheimer's disease and addiction medicine.