Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.3 Examples of an associative node that is trained on two feature vectors with a Hebbiantype learning algorithm that increases the synaptic strength by δw = 0.1 each time a presynaptic spike occurs in the same temporal window as a postsynaptic spike (C) 2010 SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab, http:/ ...
... Fig. 4.3 Examples of an associative node that is trained on two feature vectors with a Hebbiantype learning algorithm that increases the synaptic strength by δw = 0.1 each time a presynaptic spike occurs in the same temporal window as a postsynaptic spike (C) 2010 SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab, http:/ ...
Dendritic Signal Integration
... approaches. Basic anatomical methods define the architecture of dendritic trees, while electron microscopic analysis provides detailed information about the fine structure of dendrites, spines, and synapses, as well as organelles that influence the function of dendrites. Antibodies against ion chann ...
... approaches. Basic anatomical methods define the architecture of dendritic trees, while electron microscopic analysis provides detailed information about the fine structure of dendrites, spines, and synapses, as well as organelles that influence the function of dendrites. Antibodies against ion chann ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... have investigated the temporal course of changes in synaptic density in primates, revealing the following picture. Beginning at early stages of the fetus development, synaptic density rises at a constant rate, until a peak level is attained (at 2-3 years of age in humans). Then, after a relatively s ...
... have investigated the temporal course of changes in synaptic density in primates, revealing the following picture. Beginning at early stages of the fetus development, synaptic density rises at a constant rate, until a peak level is attained (at 2-3 years of age in humans). Then, after a relatively s ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... power computing solutions. In this work we discuss the role that different emerging non-volatile resistive memory technologies (RRAM), specifically (i) Phase Change Memory (PCM), (ii) Conductive-Bridge Memory (CBRAM) and Metal-Oxide based Memory (OXRAM) can play in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. W ...
... power computing solutions. In this work we discuss the role that different emerging non-volatile resistive memory technologies (RRAM), specifically (i) Phase Change Memory (PCM), (ii) Conductive-Bridge Memory (CBRAM) and Metal-Oxide based Memory (OXRAM) can play in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. W ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on plasticity of excitatory neurons, specifically focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of ...
... examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on plasticity of excitatory neurons, specifically focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of ...
Neurotransmitter Release
... Quantitatively, synaptic transmission is the dominant form of communication between neurons. A single look at an electron micrograph reveals that synapses with their appendant organelles, especially synaptic vesicles, are abundant in brain, whereas LDCVs are only observed occasionally (Figure 2). Ho ...
... Quantitatively, synaptic transmission is the dominant form of communication between neurons. A single look at an electron micrograph reveals that synapses with their appendant organelles, especially synaptic vesicles, are abundant in brain, whereas LDCVs are only observed occasionally (Figure 2). Ho ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... Switzerland). Individual stacks were spatially filtered by an edgepreserving algorithm, rescaled, and baseline subtracted. To facilitate overview and for display in the figures, the 3D stacks were volume ren- ...
... Switzerland). Individual stacks were spatially filtered by an edgepreserving algorithm, rescaled, and baseline subtracted. To facilitate overview and for display in the figures, the 3D stacks were volume ren- ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... PKA demonstrated to be crucial for the late, protein synthesisdependent phase (6, 24–26). One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a consti ...
... PKA demonstrated to be crucial for the late, protein synthesisdependent phase (6, 24–26). One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a consti ...
3-Morpholinylsydnonimine Inhibits Glutamatergic Transmission in
... coupled signaling pathways. Because SIN-1 produces both NO and superoxide anion upon decomposition (Feelisch et al., 1989; Holm et al., 1998) and biological tissues contain oxidants that are potentially capable of eliciting NO formation during the decomposition of SIN-1 (Trackey et al., 2001), it is ...
... coupled signaling pathways. Because SIN-1 produces both NO and superoxide anion upon decomposition (Feelisch et al., 1989; Holm et al., 1998) and biological tissues contain oxidants that are potentially capable of eliciting NO formation during the decomposition of SIN-1 (Trackey et al., 2001), it is ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... Recent experiments have addressed the question of how a change in the duration of the delay period is reflected in the time-varying delay activity (Kojima and Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Komura et al., 2001; Brody et al., 2003b). In these experiments the build-up of activity is stretched in time, rather th ...
... Recent experiments have addressed the question of how a change in the duration of the delay period is reflected in the time-varying delay activity (Kojima and Goldman-Rakic, 1982; Komura et al., 2001; Brody et al., 2003b). In these experiments the build-up of activity is stretched in time, rather th ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based ...
... modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... (Box 5A). These have led to the identification of more than 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. ...
... (Box 5A). These have led to the identification of more than 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. ...
The Matrix Protein Hikaru genki Localizes to Cholinergic Synaptic
... Figure 1. Hig localizes in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses in the brain. A, Distribution of Hig in the brain. Frontal sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disap ...
... Figure 1. Hig localizes in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses in the brain. A, Distribution of Hig in the brain. Frontal sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disap ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... paralleled by increased size of synaptic vesicle pools and faster vesicle recycling kinetics in these animals. These results suggest that FXS is associated with abnormal STP and information processing in excitatory hippocampal synapses. Auditory nerve: converging synapses develop matched release pro ...
... paralleled by increased size of synaptic vesicle pools and faster vesicle recycling kinetics in these animals. These results suggest that FXS is associated with abnormal STP and information processing in excitatory hippocampal synapses. Auditory nerve: converging synapses develop matched release pro ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... incorporated in the modeling of (recurrent) feedback neural networks thus far as a static prescription for synaptic efficacies, according to some chosen “learning rule.” In this way, a long and important series of results have been obtained, which have made these models candidates for an account of ...
... incorporated in the modeling of (recurrent) feedback neural networks thus far as a static prescription for synaptic efficacies, according to some chosen “learning rule.” In this way, a long and important series of results have been obtained, which have made these models candidates for an account of ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... information about sensory input from entorhinal cortex. In experimental work, current source density analysis (Brankack et al., 1993; Bragin et al., 1995) shows strong current sinks in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (s. l-m) of region CA1 at the time of the trough of the EEG recorded at the fissue (ri ...
... information about sensory input from entorhinal cortex. In experimental work, current source density analysis (Brankack et al., 1993; Bragin et al., 1995) shows strong current sinks in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (s. l-m) of region CA1 at the time of the trough of the EEG recorded at the fissue (ri ...
Inan et al., 2006
... the development and plasticity of thalamocortical afferent clustering into a barrel pattern. We localize PKARII function to postsynaptic processes in barrel cortex and show that postsynaptic PKA targets, but not presynaptic PKA targets, have decreased phosphorylation in pkar2b knock-out (PKARII⫺/⫺ ...
... the development and plasticity of thalamocortical afferent clustering into a barrel pattern. We localize PKARII function to postsynaptic processes in barrel cortex and show that postsynaptic PKA targets, but not presynaptic PKA targets, have decreased phosphorylation in pkar2b knock-out (PKARII⫺/⫺ ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... was described in hippocampal CA1 neurons. When presynaptic input from CA3 axons was paired with postsynaptic depolarization, the amplitude of the EPSPs was enhanced. This enhancement was long-lasting and is referred to as LTP (Kelso et al 1986, Malinow & Miller 1986, Sastry et al 1986, Wigström et ...
... was described in hippocampal CA1 neurons. When presynaptic input from CA3 axons was paired with postsynaptic depolarization, the amplitude of the EPSPs was enhanced. This enhancement was long-lasting and is referred to as LTP (Kelso et al 1986, Malinow & Miller 1986, Sastry et al 1986, Wigström et ...
Fut u re N
... the lateral entorhinal cortex [4,5]. Exciting recent studies have shown that tau pathology can spread between structures, but even these studies do not yet address why neurofibrillary tangles appear to spread along specific pathways, but not others [6,7]. In this article, we describe a hypothesis th ...
... the lateral entorhinal cortex [4,5]. Exciting recent studies have shown that tau pathology can spread between structures, but even these studies do not yet address why neurofibrillary tangles appear to spread along specific pathways, but not others [6,7]. In this article, we describe a hypothesis th ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... beads (TetraSpeck, Invitrogen), which are loaded with fluorescent dyes with similar absorption and emission peaks to the AF488 and AF568 used to fill neurons (Supplementary Fig. S3A,B). The size of the PSF is usually measured by the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) and increases with imaging wavelength. ...
... beads (TetraSpeck, Invitrogen), which are loaded with fluorescent dyes with similar absorption and emission peaks to the AF488 and AF568 used to fill neurons (Supplementary Fig. S3A,B). The size of the PSF is usually measured by the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) and increases with imaging wavelength. ...
Pre- or postsynaptic distribution of distinct endocannabinoid
... synapses (Katona & Freund, 2008). Upon excess presynaptic activity, it is released from the postsynaptic neuron, passes the synaptic cleft and activates presynaptic CB1 receptors, leading to the reduction of further neurotransmitter release from the axon terminals (Wilson & Nicoll, 2002). Variations ...
... synapses (Katona & Freund, 2008). Upon excess presynaptic activity, it is released from the postsynaptic neuron, passes the synaptic cleft and activates presynaptic CB1 receptors, leading to the reduction of further neurotransmitter release from the axon terminals (Wilson & Nicoll, 2002). Variations ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is known about what interactions occur within the final target. It is presumed that a cascade of complex events must take place at the target, because not only the presynaptic axons but also the postsynaptic cells must be continuously growing and re ...
... Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is known about what interactions occur within the final target. It is presumed that a cascade of complex events must take place at the target, because not only the presynaptic axons but also the postsynaptic cells must be continuously growing and re ...
13-1 CHAPTER 13 SYNAPSES The nervous system consists of
... called synaptic vesicles. All of these structures except the synaptic cleft (you’d need a higher power to see that) are visible in the electron micrograph of Figure 13-1B. It is believed that transmission from one cell to another at a synapse like the one just described (a chemical synapse, as oppos ...
... called synaptic vesicles. All of these structures except the synaptic cleft (you’d need a higher power to see that) are visible in the electron micrograph of Figure 13-1B. It is believed that transmission from one cell to another at a synapse like the one just described (a chemical synapse, as oppos ...
Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.It is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity, the ability of chemical synapses to change their strength. As memories are thought to be encoded by modification of synaptic strength, LTP is widely considered one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlies learning and memory.LTP was discovered in the rabbit hippocampus by Terje Lømo in 1966 and has remained a popular subject of research since. Many modern LTP studies seek to better understand its basic biology, while others aim to draw a causal link between LTP and behavioral learning. Still others try to develop methods, pharmacologic or otherwise, of enhancing LTP to improve learning and memory. LTP is also a subject of clinical research, for example, in the areas of Alzheimer's disease and addiction medicine.