Molecular Biology
... the basic structure, mode of action and functions of these complex structures should be known. Two types of nucleic acids can be found in a eukaryotic cell; deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genetic instructions needed to construct components ...
... the basic structure, mode of action and functions of these complex structures should be known. Two types of nucleic acids can be found in a eukaryotic cell; deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genetic instructions needed to construct components ...
MicroRNAs: key participants in gene regulatory networks
... Much evidence has supported that Dicer and Argonaute are crucial participants in miRNA biosynthesis and function. Dicer and Argonaute animal mutants exhibit reduction in mature miRNA accumulation, essential reiteration of cell division and delay of the switching to a later stage developmental progra ...
... Much evidence has supported that Dicer and Argonaute are crucial participants in miRNA biosynthesis and function. Dicer and Argonaute animal mutants exhibit reduction in mature miRNA accumulation, essential reiteration of cell division and delay of the switching to a later stage developmental progra ...
Identification of functional domains in Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA
... guanosine cap in mRNA is a dominant feature in competition for limited translation initiation factors, primarily eIF4E (1). Cap-independent translation mechanisms such as re-initiation and internal initiation generally lack the efficiency associated with cap-dependent translation (1). Since capping is ...
... guanosine cap in mRNA is a dominant feature in competition for limited translation initiation factors, primarily eIF4E (1). Cap-independent translation mechanisms such as re-initiation and internal initiation generally lack the efficiency associated with cap-dependent translation (1). Since capping is ...
Protein Synthesis and the Stress Response
... the fitness of E. coli in such oxidative conditions. It has also been shown that deletion of several tRNA modification enzymes affect survival of E. coli in a milder oxidative stress condition (0.5 mM H2O2) [56]. Despite these reports, it is not clear how tRNA modifications improve survival to oxida ...
... the fitness of E. coli in such oxidative conditions. It has also been shown that deletion of several tRNA modification enzymes affect survival of E. coli in a milder oxidative stress condition (0.5 mM H2O2) [56]. Despite these reports, it is not clear how tRNA modifications improve survival to oxida ...
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) genesig
... The Negative Control should be completely free of any DNA/RNA. If you see this error message it means that at some point during the setup, the Negative Control has been contaminated with DNA/RNA and has given a positive signal. This contamination has invalidated the test. The Positive Control and yo ...
... The Negative Control should be completely free of any DNA/RNA. If you see this error message it means that at some point during the setup, the Negative Control has been contaminated with DNA/RNA and has given a positive signal. This contamination has invalidated the test. The Positive Control and yo ...
not a plastid specific promoter but is also capable of
... indicated that either the psbA promoter is not plastid specific but is recognized by the RNA polymerase II transcription complex as well, or that the regions upstream from the psbA promoter located either on the T-DNA or on the plant nuclear genome, contain an RNA polymerase II transcription start s ...
... indicated that either the psbA promoter is not plastid specific but is recognized by the RNA polymerase II transcription complex as well, or that the regions upstream from the psbA promoter located either on the T-DNA or on the plant nuclear genome, contain an RNA polymerase II transcription start s ...
Plant Virology
... achieved using plant protoplasts (primary cell cultures with cell walls removed) ...
... achieved using plant protoplasts (primary cell cultures with cell walls removed) ...
Motif Finding with Gibbs Sampling
... Motif-finding by Gibbs Sampling Problem. Given p strings and a length k, find the most “mutually ...
... Motif-finding by Gibbs Sampling Problem. Given p strings and a length k, find the most “mutually ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
Human, yeast and hybrid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene
... to TCTAGA (an Xbal site) so that the 3'-flanking sequence of yPGK can be ligated to the end of the modified hPGK cDNA to make unit d. This change at the stop codon is not present in yeast PGK expression units a-c. Expression unit e was made by inserting IFN-ol into the unique Clal site of unit d. Th ...
... to TCTAGA (an Xbal site) so that the 3'-flanking sequence of yPGK can be ligated to the end of the modified hPGK cDNA to make unit d. This change at the stop codon is not present in yeast PGK expression units a-c. Expression unit e was made by inserting IFN-ol into the unique Clal site of unit d. Th ...
Supplemental File 1 - Poly(A) Tag (PAT) analysis pipeline The
... two-base anchor to place the primer at the poly(A)-mRNA junction. The primers used for this project are listed in the table at the end of this document. After sequencing, the first bases read will be the “NN”, followed by the bar code, the oligo-dT tract, and finally the cDNA sequence. A. Demultiple ...
... two-base anchor to place the primer at the poly(A)-mRNA junction. The primers used for this project are listed in the table at the end of this document. After sequencing, the first bases read will be the “NN”, followed by the bar code, the oligo-dT tract, and finally the cDNA sequence. A. Demultiple ...
Novel mutants of 23S RNA: characterization of
... lambda promoter is repressed and mutant RNAs are not significantly expressed. At 42°C the temperature-sensitive repressor CI457 is inactive and rRNA genes are transcribed from the plasmid. The plasmid pSP-65 was used as a control in the cotransformation assay. The number of colonies were the same at ...
... lambda promoter is repressed and mutant RNAs are not significantly expressed. At 42°C the temperature-sensitive repressor CI457 is inactive and rRNA genes are transcribed from the plasmid. The plasmid pSP-65 was used as a control in the cotransformation assay. The number of colonies were the same at ...
Lesson Overview
... Insertions and deletions are point mutations in which one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence. Insertions and deletions are also called frameshift mutations because they shift the “reading frame” of the genetic message. ...
... Insertions and deletions are point mutations in which one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence. Insertions and deletions are also called frameshift mutations because they shift the “reading frame” of the genetic message. ...
Translation
... Once release factors occupy the A site, Peptidyl Transferase catalyzes transfer of the peptidyl group to water (hydrolysis). Hydrolysis of GTP on RF-3 causes a conformational change that results in dissociation of release factors. A ribosomal recycling factor (RRF) is required, with EF-G-GTP ...
... Once release factors occupy the A site, Peptidyl Transferase catalyzes transfer of the peptidyl group to water (hydrolysis). Hydrolysis of GTP on RF-3 causes a conformational change that results in dissociation of release factors. A ribosomal recycling factor (RRF) is required, with EF-G-GTP ...
Application of Bruchin B to pea pods results in
... appropriate treatment period, the pods were removed from the plant, placed onto ice, and split along the suture. The seeds and the untreated portions of the pod were removed. The pod samples were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored at ÿ80 8C. RNA extraction, poly(A)+ RNA selection and c ...
... appropriate treatment period, the pods were removed from the plant, placed onto ice, and split along the suture. The seeds and the untreated portions of the pod were removed. The pod samples were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored at ÿ80 8C. RNA extraction, poly(A)+ RNA selection and c ...
Pursuing DNA Catalysts for Protein Modification
... surrounding structures of unrelated proteins.7−9 At present, such approaches are untenable for nucleic acid catalysts, and their prospects are uncertain in part because of poor current understanding of active-site structure and function. One-at-atime screening approaches are inherently unlikely to s ...
... surrounding structures of unrelated proteins.7−9 At present, such approaches are untenable for nucleic acid catalysts, and their prospects are uncertain in part because of poor current understanding of active-site structure and function. One-at-atime screening approaches are inherently unlikely to s ...
Catalog No. SAMPLE: 5 preps GF-RD
... Store Proteinase K and Carrier RNA at -20°C. Kit components are guaranteed to be stable for 12 months from the date of manufacture. Buffer VL and Wash Buffer 1 may exhibit salt precipitation due to cold temperature. If this occurs, simply warm the bottle at 55°C - 65°C with occasional mixing until c ...
... Store Proteinase K and Carrier RNA at -20°C. Kit components are guaranteed to be stable for 12 months from the date of manufacture. Buffer VL and Wash Buffer 1 may exhibit salt precipitation due to cold temperature. If this occurs, simply warm the bottle at 55°C - 65°C with occasional mixing until c ...
A DEAD Box RNA Helicase Is Essential for mRNA Export and
... transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, nucleocytoplasmic transport, translation, RNA decay, and organellar gene expression (de la Cruz et al., 1999; Tanner and Linder, 2001; Lorsch, 2002). The DEAD box RNA helicases compose the largest subfamily of RNA helicases. BLAST searches with ...
... transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, nucleocytoplasmic transport, translation, RNA decay, and organellar gene expression (de la Cruz et al., 1999; Tanner and Linder, 2001; Lorsch, 2002). The DEAD box RNA helicases compose the largest subfamily of RNA helicases. BLAST searches with ...
Differential expression of vasa homologue gene in the germ cells
... tilapia vas expression in germ cells during gonadogenesis and gametogenesis of both sexes (fry 0±100 days after hatching, dah). All genetic females and males were used. To identify primordial germ cells (PGC), we also stained germ cells immunohistochemically with SGSA-1 antibody which stains gonial ...
... tilapia vas expression in germ cells during gonadogenesis and gametogenesis of both sexes (fry 0±100 days after hatching, dah). All genetic females and males were used. To identify primordial germ cells (PGC), we also stained germ cells immunohistochemically with SGSA-1 antibody which stains gonial ...
PHYS 4xx Intro 2 1 PHYS 4xx Intro 2
... groups while the sixth is double-bonded as an aldehyde. The double-bonded oxygen can be placed at one of several different positions on the chain, each corresponding to an inequivalent, yet related, molecule. The chain can be closed into a ring using one of the oxygens in a hydroxyl group (not the o ...
... groups while the sixth is double-bonded as an aldehyde. The double-bonded oxygen can be placed at one of several different positions on the chain, each corresponding to an inequivalent, yet related, molecule. The chain can be closed into a ring using one of the oxygens in a hydroxyl group (not the o ...
Brown, V, Small, K, Lakkis, L, Feng, Y, Gunter, C, Wilkinson, KD and Warren, ST: Purified recombinant Fmrp exhibits selective RNA-binding as an intrinsic property of the fragile X mental retardation protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273:15521-15527 (1998).
... Purified His6 isoform 4 Fmrp was refolded using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and b-cyclodextrin while simultaneously removing the urea as described by Rozema and Gellman (20). Protein was first slowly dialyzed from 8 M urea down to 3 M urea and then, at a concentration of 1.6 mg/ul, was refolded b ...
... Purified His6 isoform 4 Fmrp was refolded using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and b-cyclodextrin while simultaneously removing the urea as described by Rozema and Gellman (20). Protein was first slowly dialyzed from 8 M urea down to 3 M urea and then, at a concentration of 1.6 mg/ul, was refolded b ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 15 Answers 1. The
... Beadle and Tatum’s research provided new insights into the relationship between genes and proteins. The correct answer is d— B. Answer b is incorrect. The ability of X-rays to damage DNA was already known. Beadle and Tatum used this fact when they generated nutritional mutants. The correct answer is ...
... Beadle and Tatum’s research provided new insights into the relationship between genes and proteins. The correct answer is d— B. Answer b is incorrect. The ability of X-rays to damage DNA was already known. Beadle and Tatum used this fact when they generated nutritional mutants. The correct answer is ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.