7.1 The lac Operon
... cAMP footprint lies adjacent to the polymerase footprint. Thus, the DNA binding sites for these two proteins are close enough that the proteins could interact with each other as they bind to their DNA sites. Fourth, several CAP mutations decrease activation without affecting DNA binding (or bending) ...
... cAMP footprint lies adjacent to the polymerase footprint. Thus, the DNA binding sites for these two proteins are close enough that the proteins could interact with each other as they bind to their DNA sites. Fourth, several CAP mutations decrease activation without affecting DNA binding (or bending) ...
Brooker Chapter 15
... Transcription factor proteins contain regions, called domains, that have specific functions ...
... Transcription factor proteins contain regions, called domains, that have specific functions ...
The novel genome organization of the insect picorna
... sequences in ORF-2 (SKPTVQ and VMGEDL). The third Nterminal sequence (ANFQTN) was found to be situated upstream of the first methionine of ORF-2 (see Fig. 1). This sequence is encoded in the same frame ; thus if there were another initiation codon which was recognized 5« of this sequence then all th ...
... sequences in ORF-2 (SKPTVQ and VMGEDL). The third Nterminal sequence (ANFQTN) was found to be situated upstream of the first methionine of ORF-2 (see Fig. 1). This sequence is encoded in the same frame ; thus if there were another initiation codon which was recognized 5« of this sequence then all th ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Xiamen University
... or without (lane 1) lac repressor (LacR). After repressor-operator binding had occurred, they added RNA polymerase. After allowing 20 minutes for open promoter complexes to form, they added heparin to block any further complex formation, along with all the other reaction components except CTP. Final ...
... or without (lane 1) lac repressor (LacR). After repressor-operator binding had occurred, they added RNA polymerase. After allowing 20 minutes for open promoter complexes to form, they added heparin to block any further complex formation, along with all the other reaction components except CTP. Final ...
PPT
... One or two SECIS elements in the 3´-UTR of a eukaryotic mRNA can mediate selenocysteine incorporation at many UGA codons in the mRNA. For example, expression of selenoprotein P in zebrafish requires the reassignment of 17 UGA codons (!). This suggests that selenocysteine ...
... One or two SECIS elements in the 3´-UTR of a eukaryotic mRNA can mediate selenocysteine incorporation at many UGA codons in the mRNA. For example, expression of selenoprotein P in zebrafish requires the reassignment of 17 UGA codons (!). This suggests that selenocysteine ...
Studies on the structure and function of 16S ribosomal RNA using
... universally conserved nucleotides. No reproducible effects are seen elsewhere in the molecule, suggesting that the active-inactive transition is a result of the observed conformational change. Keywords. Ribosomes; RNA; chemical probes. ...
... universally conserved nucleotides. No reproducible effects are seen elsewhere in the molecule, suggesting that the active-inactive transition is a result of the observed conformational change. Keywords. Ribosomes; RNA; chemical probes. ...
Chapter 8 Introduction to Enzymes and Metabolism
... groups’ (non-protein components of a protein). This is also true of enzymes. Many enzymes require non-protein components to do their jobs. These components include metal ions and vitamins. (This is why it’s essential for humans to have adequate vitamins and minerals in their diets. Many vitamins and ...
... groups’ (non-protein components of a protein). This is also true of enzymes. Many enzymes require non-protein components to do their jobs. These components include metal ions and vitamins. (This is why it’s essential for humans to have adequate vitamins and minerals in their diets. Many vitamins and ...
EMAIL PIGEON GENETICS NEWSLETTER APRIL 2011
... A group of frill stencil Fantails in Ralph Smith’s loft. The Toy Stencil complex produces white bar, check, and T-pattern markings, even printing these through both spread and recessive red genomes as well as printing those feathers marked with the sooty. The hetero Toy Stencils print these areas wi ...
... A group of frill stencil Fantails in Ralph Smith’s loft. The Toy Stencil complex produces white bar, check, and T-pattern markings, even printing these through both spread and recessive red genomes as well as printing those feathers marked with the sooty. The hetero Toy Stencils print these areas wi ...
Characterization of a cDNA Clone Encoding Multiple Copies of the
... of cDNA clone 1 (1054 bp), as obtained by sequence analysis, corresponds well with the length of - 1100 nucleotides of the transcript as determined by Northern blotting (Fig. 3). In addition to the Northern blot that indicates that we have cloned an almost full-length cDNA, a signal for polyadenylat ...
... of cDNA clone 1 (1054 bp), as obtained by sequence analysis, corresponds well with the length of - 1100 nucleotides of the transcript as determined by Northern blotting (Fig. 3). In addition to the Northern blot that indicates that we have cloned an almost full-length cDNA, a signal for polyadenylat ...
Full-Text PDF
... taxonomic groupings. These gene clusters, scattered throughout very large genomes, are unlikely to be accidental or the result of convergence. Lateral gene cluster transfer can also be excluded. It would cause an overwhelming proportion of hybrid machineries of transcription and translation with mul ...
... taxonomic groupings. These gene clusters, scattered throughout very large genomes, are unlikely to be accidental or the result of convergence. Lateral gene cluster transfer can also be excluded. It would cause an overwhelming proportion of hybrid machineries of transcription and translation with mul ...
life - MDPI
... taxonomic groupings. These gene clusters, scattered throughout very large genomes, are unlikely to be accidental or the result of convergence. Lateral gene cluster transfer can also be excluded. It would cause an overwhelming proportion of hybrid machineries of transcription and translation with mul ...
... taxonomic groupings. These gene clusters, scattered throughout very large genomes, are unlikely to be accidental or the result of convergence. Lateral gene cluster transfer can also be excluded. It would cause an overwhelming proportion of hybrid machineries of transcription and translation with mul ...
Cell and Molecular Biology
... • U1 binds to the GU sequence at the 5' splice site, along with accessory proteins/enzymes, • U2 binds to the branch site, and ATP is hydrolyzed; • U5/U4/U6 trimer binds, and the U5 binds exons at the 5' site, with U6 binding to U2; • U1 is released, U5 shifts from exon to intron and the U6 binds at ...
... • U1 binds to the GU sequence at the 5' splice site, along with accessory proteins/enzymes, • U2 binds to the branch site, and ATP is hydrolyzed; • U5/U4/U6 trimer binds, and the U5 binds exons at the 5' site, with U6 binding to U2; • U1 is released, U5 shifts from exon to intron and the U6 binds at ...
The Euglena gracilis chloroplast rpoB gene
... the rpoB locus were characterized by Northern hybridization. Fully-spliced, monocistronic rpoB mRNA, as well as rpoB-rpoC1 and rpoB1-rpoC1-rpoC2 mRNAs were identified. INTRODUCTION Chloroplast genes are transcribed, and the resulting mRNAs are translated via plastid-specific RNA polymerase(s) and ri ...
... the rpoB locus were characterized by Northern hybridization. Fully-spliced, monocistronic rpoB mRNA, as well as rpoB-rpoC1 and rpoB1-rpoC1-rpoC2 mRNAs were identified. INTRODUCTION Chloroplast genes are transcribed, and the resulting mRNAs are translated via plastid-specific RNA polymerase(s) and ri ...
The Topology of the Possible
... does not involve a direct intervention at the phenotypic level, but proceeds indirectly through change at the genetic level (Figure 1). This forces the processes that link genotype to phenotype into the picture. In biology, these processes are known as development. Evolutionary trajectories, or hist ...
... does not involve a direct intervention at the phenotypic level, but proceeds indirectly through change at the genetic level (Figure 1). This forces the processes that link genotype to phenotype into the picture. In biology, these processes are known as development. Evolutionary trajectories, or hist ...
October 9, 2009 - Northwestern University
... which is commonly used to produce IVT RNAs, possess an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in addition to being a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (18, 19). Therefore, RNA with self-complementarity at the 3⬘-end generated from a DNAtemplate can serve as a self-primed RNA-template that is elongated in ...
... which is commonly used to produce IVT RNAs, possess an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in addition to being a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (18, 19). Therefore, RNA with self-complementarity at the 3⬘-end generated from a DNAtemplate can serve as a self-primed RNA-template that is elongated in ...
The E-Class PPR Protein MEF3 of Arabidopsis
... several plastid RNA editing factors are PPR proteins with solely an E region, while others continue into a DYW domain (Kotera et al. 2005, Shikanai 2006, Okuda et al. 2007, Chateigner-Boutin et al. 2008, Hammani et al. 2009, Robbins et al. 2009, Yu et al. 2009, Zhou et al. 2009). The DYW regions are ...
... several plastid RNA editing factors are PPR proteins with solely an E region, while others continue into a DYW domain (Kotera et al. 2005, Shikanai 2006, Okuda et al. 2007, Chateigner-Boutin et al. 2008, Hammani et al. 2009, Robbins et al. 2009, Yu et al. 2009, Zhou et al. 2009). The DYW regions are ...
The RNA origin of transfer RNA aminoacylation and beyond
... acids are reassigned. Although there are several different approaches available for (i), such as semi-chemical synthetic method [12,27 – 32] or ARS-mischarging method [13,33 –37], Fxs are far superior to others in terms of flexibility of the choices of non-proteinogenic amino acids and tRNAs as well ...
... acids are reassigned. Although there are several different approaches available for (i), such as semi-chemical synthetic method [12,27 – 32] or ARS-mischarging method [13,33 –37], Fxs are far superior to others in terms of flexibility of the choices of non-proteinogenic amino acids and tRNAs as well ...
Protein synthesis meets ABC ATPases: new roles for Rli1/ABCE1
... catalysed by several translation factors. The fundamental reactions of protein synthesis, such as mRNA decoding, peptide bond formation and tRNA translocation, follow the same basic principles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, some steps are quite different and require a larger set of factors ...
... catalysed by several translation factors. The fundamental reactions of protein synthesis, such as mRNA decoding, peptide bond formation and tRNA translocation, follow the same basic principles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, some steps are quite different and require a larger set of factors ...
Directed Evolution of Polymerases To Accept Nucleotides with
... additional nucleotides that form additional nucleobase pairs independent of the standard T:A and C:G pairs. Their use in various tools to detect and analyze DNA and RNA requires polymerases that synthesize duplex DNA containing unnatural base pairs. This is especially true for nested polymerase chai ...
... additional nucleotides that form additional nucleobase pairs independent of the standard T:A and C:G pairs. Their use in various tools to detect and analyze DNA and RNA requires polymerases that synthesize duplex DNA containing unnatural base pairs. This is especially true for nested polymerase chai ...
proposal for complex variants
... 1) to reduce the necessity to submit new Genbank sequences for every small change observed within a larger change 2) to allow easy comparison between different complex changes. 3) to provide a description format, which can be generated and interpreted by dedicated software tools, such as Mutalyzer ( ...
... 1) to reduce the necessity to submit new Genbank sequences for every small change observed within a larger change 2) to allow easy comparison between different complex changes. 3) to provide a description format, which can be generated and interpreted by dedicated software tools, such as Mutalyzer ( ...
RiboT
... 5) Evolvability of RiboT to identify gain-of-function mutations that facilitate synthesis of problematic protein sequences The model: SecM polypeptide presents a classic example of an amino acid sequence for which translation is problematic for the ribosome Programmed ribosome stalling at the Pro166 ...
... 5) Evolvability of RiboT to identify gain-of-function mutations that facilitate synthesis of problematic protein sequences The model: SecM polypeptide presents a classic example of an amino acid sequence for which translation is problematic for the ribosome Programmed ribosome stalling at the Pro166 ...
Inhibition of the Particle-associated RNA
... every test as a standard reference compound. For accurate quantitative comparisons, various compounds were tested in parallel in the same experiment using a single virus preparation. Unless otherwise stated, inhibitory compounds at a range of different concentrations from o-I to o.ooi mM were added ...
... every test as a standard reference compound. For accurate quantitative comparisons, various compounds were tested in parallel in the same experiment using a single virus preparation. Unless otherwise stated, inhibitory compounds at a range of different concentrations from o-I to o.ooi mM were added ...
WSC` 06 MS Word Template
... is the hyperbolic functional form of the mRNA substrate and s030 is the fraction of the RNAase molecules that are free on average (the rest being occupied in other degradation reactions). The stochastic reaction parameter c5 for this reaction is set very low in the current model so that there is li ...
... is the hyperbolic functional form of the mRNA substrate and s030 is the fraction of the RNAase molecules that are free on average (the rest being occupied in other degradation reactions). The stochastic reaction parameter c5 for this reaction is set very low in the current model so that there is li ...
Identification of a C-terminal Poly(A)-binding Protein (PABP)
... tract mRNA family (23), which includes mRNAs encoding components of the protein synthesis machinery. Translation of these mRNAs is linked to the growth status of the cell, and this regulation strictly requires a short sequence of polypyrimidines at their 5⬘ end (reviewed in Ref. 24). Control of PABP ...
... tract mRNA family (23), which includes mRNAs encoding components of the protein synthesis machinery. Translation of these mRNAs is linked to the growth status of the cell, and this regulation strictly requires a short sequence of polypyrimidines at their 5⬘ end (reviewed in Ref. 24). Control of PABP ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.