Species
... • Extinction is irreversible: once a species is lost, it is lost forever • Humans profoundly affect rates of extinction ...
... • Extinction is irreversible: once a species is lost, it is lost forever • Humans profoundly affect rates of extinction ...
Cytologist_an_endgered_species-BAC_13-09
... • Bill Gates drops out of Harvard and start a company… – By then he had exceeded 10,000 hours of computer programming in previous 7 years ...
... • Bill Gates drops out of Harvard and start a company… – By then he had exceeded 10,000 hours of computer programming in previous 7 years ...
Population Viability Analysis Annual Review of Ecology and
... models may yield robust results; stochastic models are often too complex to be solved analytically and thus require use of simulation methods. Usually, conclusions from stochastic models in ecology are strikingly different from deterministic ones (26). This is generally true because of (i) large var ...
... models may yield robust results; stochastic models are often too complex to be solved analytically and thus require use of simulation methods. Usually, conclusions from stochastic models in ecology are strikingly different from deterministic ones (26). This is generally true because of (i) large var ...
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Mark S. Boyce Journal Article
... models may yield robust results; stochadtic models are often too complex to be solved analytically and thus require p e of simulation methods. Usually, conclusions from stochastid models in ecology are strikingly different from deterministic ones (26). Inis is generally true because of (i) large var ...
... models may yield robust results; stochadtic models are often too complex to be solved analytically and thus require p e of simulation methods. Usually, conclusions from stochastid models in ecology are strikingly different from deterministic ones (26). Inis is generally true because of (i) large var ...
ClsI eEl eEl - Competitive Enterprise Institute
... natural environments, vast territories in several major regions of the world have become so modified as to be cleared of much of their main wildlife. The result is that the extinction rate has certainly soared, though the details mostly remain undocu mented. In 1974 a gathering of scientists concer ...
... natural environments, vast territories in several major regions of the world have become so modified as to be cleared of much of their main wildlife. The result is that the extinction rate has certainly soared, though the details mostly remain undocu mented. In 1974 a gathering of scientists concer ...
Chapter 11 power point
... Nearly all the Earth’s surface has been affected in some way by human activity. ...
... Nearly all the Earth’s surface has been affected in some way by human activity. ...
Cenozoic Era - David Bogler Home
... The Pleistocene • Pleistocene, the time period that spanned from 1.8 million to ~10,000 years ago. • Pleistocene biotas were extremely close to modern ones — many genera and even species of Pleistocene conifers, mosses, flowering plants, insects, mollusks, birds, mammals, and others survive to this ...
... The Pleistocene • Pleistocene, the time period that spanned from 1.8 million to ~10,000 years ago. • Pleistocene biotas were extremely close to modern ones — many genera and even species of Pleistocene conifers, mosses, flowering plants, insects, mollusks, birds, mammals, and others survive to this ...
Ecological Decay on Isolated Forest Fragments
... populations are assumed to be limited primarily by predation by armadillos, avoid plant species with high levels of tannins (Rao, 2000; Rao et al., 2001). Red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) are also herbivorous, feeding predominantly on canopy foliage (Milton, 1981). In a study at another site ...
... populations are assumed to be limited primarily by predation by armadillos, avoid plant species with high levels of tannins (Rao, 2000; Rao et al., 2001). Red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) are also herbivorous, feeding predominantly on canopy foliage (Milton, 1981). In a study at another site ...
How many bird extinctions have we prevented?
... population sizes, trends, threatening processes and the nature and intensity of conservation actions implemented during 1994–2004, we assessed that 16 bird species would have probably become extinct during this period if conservation programmes for them had not been undertaken. The mean minimum popu ...
... population sizes, trends, threatening processes and the nature and intensity of conservation actions implemented during 1994–2004, we assessed that 16 bird species would have probably become extinct during this period if conservation programmes for them had not been undertaken. The mean minimum popu ...
Genetic diversity
... Nearly all the Earth’s surface has been affected in some way by human activity. ...
... Nearly all the Earth’s surface has been affected in some way by human activity. ...
In Retrospect: The book that began invasion ecology
... Elton also argued that complex food webs are likely to contain predators or parasites that can control invaders, whereas simpler food webs are more vulnerable to population explosions. As evidence, he pointed to the disproportionate numbers of invaders in environments such as remote islands and bore ...
... Elton also argued that complex food webs are likely to contain predators or parasites that can control invaders, whereas simpler food webs are more vulnerable to population explosions. As evidence, he pointed to the disproportionate numbers of invaders in environments such as remote islands and bore ...
Habitat fragmentation and biodiversity collapse in neutral communities
... When native vegetation is cleared (usually for agriculture or other kinds of intensive exploitation) habitats which were once continuous become divided into separate fragments (Hanski, 1999; Pimm, 1991). After intensive clearing, the separate fragments tend to ...
... When native vegetation is cleared (usually for agriculture or other kinds of intensive exploitation) habitats which were once continuous become divided into separate fragments (Hanski, 1999; Pimm, 1991). After intensive clearing, the separate fragments tend to ...
Biodiversity: Patterns, Processes, Loss and Value
... the 1920’s, observing a linear relationship between species number (Gleason 1922), or logarithm of species number (Arrhenius 1921), and the logarithm of area. This relationship has been confirmed by numerous studies in different habitats (tropical, temperate, montane, aquatic), at different scales ( ...
... the 1920’s, observing a linear relationship between species number (Gleason 1922), or logarithm of species number (Arrhenius 1921), and the logarithm of area. This relationship has been confirmed by numerous studies in different habitats (tropical, temperate, montane, aquatic), at different scales ( ...
Patterns of Evolution
... Sometimes organisms that are closely connected to one another by ecological interactions evolve together. The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time is called coevolution. ...
... Sometimes organisms that are closely connected to one another by ecological interactions evolve together. The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time is called coevolution. ...
Notes: This nautilus lives in waters at a depth of 600
... • More than 100 families of marine invertebrates became extinct, • and in North America alone, ...
... • More than 100 families of marine invertebrates became extinct, • and in North America alone, ...
Where The Wild Extinctions Are
... Three continental mammals have gone extinct -- one antelope hunted to extinction, and a rare rabbit and a rarer antelope gone from unknown causes. Six continental birds have gone extinct -- 3 prolific terrestrial bird species hunted to extinction, and 3 single-habitat freshwater bird species hunted, ...
... Three continental mammals have gone extinct -- one antelope hunted to extinction, and a rare rabbit and a rarer antelope gone from unknown causes. Six continental birds have gone extinct -- 3 prolific terrestrial bird species hunted to extinction, and 3 single-habitat freshwater bird species hunted, ...
Causes of extinction of vertebrates during the Holocene of mainland
... The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) had become extinct on the mainland by about 430 years ago (Archer and Baynes, 1972; Dawson, 1982). Devils are primarily feeders on carrion and depend largely on the carcasses of large-bodied species, such as wombats and the larger macropods, although they a ...
... The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) had become extinct on the mainland by about 430 years ago (Archer and Baynes, 1972; Dawson, 1982). Devils are primarily feeders on carrion and depend largely on the carcasses of large-bodied species, such as wombats and the larger macropods, although they a ...
Understanding and addressing the causes of biodiversity loss
... storage and regulation, the provision of food, medicines and materials, as well as aesthetic and cultural benefits, all vital to human well-being are being degraded or lost through human expansion and actions. Commissioned by the European Union, this report has examined the major causes of biodivers ...
... storage and regulation, the provision of food, medicines and materials, as well as aesthetic and cultural benefits, all vital to human well-being are being degraded or lost through human expansion and actions. Commissioned by the European Union, this report has examined the major causes of biodivers ...
Carrying Capacity, Exponential Growth, and Resource Wars
... and deplete certain processes of evolution, with consequences likely to persist for millions of years. This biotic crisis is the result of human activities that will be difficult to change. Tilman and Lehman (2001) believe that human-caused environmental changes are creating regional combinations of ...
... and deplete certain processes of evolution, with consequences likely to persist for millions of years. This biotic crisis is the result of human activities that will be difficult to change. Tilman and Lehman (2001) believe that human-caused environmental changes are creating regional combinations of ...
Food web structure and habitat loss
... and butter¯y±plant communities (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2000). Consequently, prey species outbreaks may be more common once their natural enemies have been driven extinct by destruction of habitat (Kruess & Tscharntke 1994). Second, habitat loss has a more severe effect on species that are bet ...
... and butter¯y±plant communities (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2000). Consequently, prey species outbreaks may be more common once their natural enemies have been driven extinct by destruction of habitat (Kruess & Tscharntke 1994). Second, habitat loss has a more severe effect on species that are bet ...
report - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
... and butterfly—plant communities (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2000). Consequently, prey species outbreaks may be more common once their natural enemies have been driven extinct by destruction of habitat (Kruess & Tscharntke 1994). Second, habitat loss has a more severe effect on species that are be ...
... and butterfly—plant communities (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2000). Consequently, prey species outbreaks may be more common once their natural enemies have been driven extinct by destruction of habitat (Kruess & Tscharntke 1994). Second, habitat loss has a more severe effect on species that are be ...
Global Biodiversity Conservation: The Critical Role of Hotspots
... of ecosystems and the human communities that depend on them. For example, more diverse coral reef communities have been found to suffer less from the diseases that plague degraded reefs elsewhere (Raymundo et al. 2009). As Earth’s climate changes, the roles of species and ecosystems will only increa ...
... of ecosystems and the human communities that depend on them. For example, more diverse coral reef communities have been found to suffer less from the diseases that plague degraded reefs elsewhere (Raymundo et al. 2009). As Earth’s climate changes, the roles of species and ecosystems will only increa ...
Mean extinction time of populations under toxicant stress and
... K2r/v21. Hence, MET increases geometrically with r and is proportionate to powers of K. Transforming both sides of the scaling law into logarithms, we get log T 5 C 1 (2s 2 1)log K, where C is a constant. Some numerical evaluations of the above-mentioned analytical solutions and the scaling law may ...
... K2r/v21. Hence, MET increases geometrically with r and is proportionate to powers of K. Transforming both sides of the scaling law into logarithms, we get log T 5 C 1 (2s 2 1)log K, where C is a constant. Some numerical evaluations of the above-mentioned analytical solutions and the scaling law may ...
Community stability and selective extinction during Earth`s
... Anthropogenically-driven global biological change is predicted to have dramatic negative effects on Earth’s ecosystems over the next centuries. Since the end of the last glaciation, climate change and the significant increase of human impacts on ecological systems have driven enough species to extin ...
... Anthropogenically-driven global biological change is predicted to have dramatic negative effects on Earth’s ecosystems over the next centuries. Since the end of the last glaciation, climate change and the significant increase of human impacts on ecological systems have driven enough species to extin ...
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the currently ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although 875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented. According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoths whose habits had maintained grasslands which became birch forests without them. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century.There is no general agreement on whether to consider this as part of the Quaternary extinction event, or as a distinct event resulting from human-caused changes. Only during the most recent parts of the extinction have plants also suffered large losses. Overall, the Holocene extinction can be characterized by the human impact on the environment.