Wildlife Encounters by Lewis and Clark
... along the edges of wolf territories; wolves avoided those zones to reduce encounters with the neighboring packs (Mech 1977). Researchers studying trophic cascades hypothesized that wolves could positively influence plant growth through a predation-risk effect by changing elk movement and browsing pa ...
... along the edges of wolf territories; wolves avoided those zones to reduce encounters with the neighboring packs (Mech 1977). Researchers studying trophic cascades hypothesized that wolves could positively influence plant growth through a predation-risk effect by changing elk movement and browsing pa ...
Stochastic competitive exclusion leads to a cascade of
... Recently, we focused on the influence of ecological drift on the similarity of coexisting species via the competitive exclusion principle (Capitán et al., 2015). In that contribution we showed that, in the presence of ecological drift, the maximum degree of similarity that ensures stable coexistenc ...
... Recently, we focused on the influence of ecological drift on the similarity of coexisting species via the competitive exclusion principle (Capitán et al., 2015). In that contribution we showed that, in the presence of ecological drift, the maximum degree of similarity that ensures stable coexistenc ...
HUMAN FACTORS PHYSICAL FACTORS CASE STUDY
... degrees C and adequate sunlight so turbidity level are low. The Great Barrier reef is home to 5,000 species of molluscs, 1,800 species of fish, 125 species of sharks. The age and size of an ecosystem is important in supporting high levels of biodiversity. On the island of Borneo, a biodiversity hots ...
... degrees C and adequate sunlight so turbidity level are low. The Great Barrier reef is home to 5,000 species of molluscs, 1,800 species of fish, 125 species of sharks. The age and size of an ecosystem is important in supporting high levels of biodiversity. On the island of Borneo, a biodiversity hots ...
Population size and the risk of local extinction: empirical evidence
... actual numbers of plants, but used substitutes like species area (Ouborg 1993) or cover (Fischer and Stöcklin 1997) for population size, have also reported negative effects of small population size on survival. In contrast, Husband and Barrett (1996) found no such relationship in Eichhornia panicul ...
... actual numbers of plants, but used substitutes like species area (Ouborg 1993) or cover (Fischer and Stöcklin 1997) for population size, have also reported negative effects of small population size on survival. In contrast, Husband and Barrett (1996) found no such relationship in Eichhornia panicul ...
Chapter 11
... The effect of population increase or environmental resistance is not felt instantly in most cases. Available resources may allow a population to overshoot the carrying capacity or equilibrium point. Unable to sustain itself, the population declines to a point below the carrying capacity but not befo ...
... The effect of population increase or environmental resistance is not felt instantly in most cases. Available resources may allow a population to overshoot the carrying capacity or equilibrium point. Unable to sustain itself, the population declines to a point below the carrying capacity but not befo ...
NotesChapter7
... A metapopulation is made up of a number of spatially separated, extinction-prone local populations (or subpopulations) that are linked by migration (Groombridge 1992, Barbault & Sastrapradja 1995, Wikipedia Contributors 2006b). It may be described as a ‘population of populations’ with two levels of ...
... A metapopulation is made up of a number of spatially separated, extinction-prone local populations (or subpopulations) that are linked by migration (Groombridge 1992, Barbault & Sastrapradja 1995, Wikipedia Contributors 2006b). It may be described as a ‘population of populations’ with two levels of ...
NotesChapter7
... Mechanisms of Chance Extinction in Single Populations Population extinction is certain if, in the long term, the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate (Barbault and Sastrapradja 1995) in the absence of migration. If migration is present, extinction is certain if, in the long term, the combine ...
... Mechanisms of Chance Extinction in Single Populations Population extinction is certain if, in the long term, the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate (Barbault and Sastrapradja 1995) in the absence of migration. If migration is present, extinction is certain if, in the long term, the combine ...
ESM 201
... human impacts on the functioning, productivity and sustainability of ecosystems at local to global scales The course is presented as a series of lectures and discussion sections. The subjects of lectures are listed in this syllabus. Unless you have already learned about the mathematics of basic ecol ...
... human impacts on the functioning, productivity and sustainability of ecosystems at local to global scales The course is presented as a series of lectures and discussion sections. The subjects of lectures are listed in this syllabus. Unless you have already learned about the mathematics of basic ecol ...
The Living World Learning Targets (Ch 3, 4, Biomes, 8)
... 30. I can identify two different reasons the arctic tundra may be contributing to global warming. 31. I can identify the two biomes that have the most nutrientrich soil. 32. I can identify the two biomes that are the most prone to natural and man-made fires. 33. I can explain why coral reefs are so ...
... 30. I can identify two different reasons the arctic tundra may be contributing to global warming. 31. I can identify the two biomes that have the most nutrientrich soil. 32. I can identify the two biomes that are the most prone to natural and man-made fires. 33. I can explain why coral reefs are so ...
Ch. 5 Review PP
... Should we care whether a species goes extinct? a) Yes, because all life is important and valuable b) Yes, because we are causing this wave of extinction, so we should fix it c) We should not, because it’s natural d) I don’t care; it really does not affect me ...
... Should we care whether a species goes extinct? a) Yes, because all life is important and valuable b) Yes, because we are causing this wave of extinction, so we should fix it c) We should not, because it’s natural d) I don’t care; it really does not affect me ...
RedmanBookPPT
... • Redman (1978) and Diamond (1997) argue that the differences in the availability of draft animals had a major impact on the developmental trajectories of the Old World and New World civilizations. – Diamond argues that Eurasia had advantages such as many potentially productive wild plants and anima ...
... • Redman (1978) and Diamond (1997) argue that the differences in the availability of draft animals had a major impact on the developmental trajectories of the Old World and New World civilizations. – Diamond argues that Eurasia had advantages such as many potentially productive wild plants and anima ...
Critical Biodiversity
... E. O. Wilson said we are in “the midst of one of the great extinction spasms of geological history.” Although this mass extinction is due to human activity, the fossil record reveals several previous mass extinctions near the ends of the Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, and most recently in th ...
... E. O. Wilson said we are in “the midst of one of the great extinction spasms of geological history.” Although this mass extinction is due to human activity, the fossil record reveals several previous mass extinctions near the ends of the Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, and most recently in th ...
What Is Conservation Biology? Michael E. Soulé BioScience
... cal a n d historical ones o r t o brevail over adabtive. deterministic infrequent catastrophic events, such forces within pobulations. The stoas inundation, volcanism, and glacia- chastic factors in population extinction. In other words, ecological pro- tion have been discussed extensively cesses b ...
... cal a n d historical ones o r t o brevail over adabtive. deterministic infrequent catastrophic events, such forces within pobulations. The stoas inundation, volcanism, and glacia- chastic factors in population extinction. In other words, ecological pro- tion have been discussed extensively cesses b ...
Biodiversity - HCC Learning Web
... Nearly all the Earth’s surface has been affected in some way by human activity. ...
... Nearly all the Earth’s surface has been affected in some way by human activity. ...
Chapter 56 lecture outline
... nearly 10,000 known bird species and 20% of nearly 5,000 known mammal species are threatened with extinction. o The Center for Plant Conservation estimates that 200 of the 20,000 known plant species in the United States have become extinct since records have been kept, and another 730 are endangered ...
... nearly 10,000 known bird species and 20% of nearly 5,000 known mammal species are threatened with extinction. o The Center for Plant Conservation estimates that 200 of the 20,000 known plant species in the United States have become extinct since records have been kept, and another 730 are endangered ...
Topic 4 and Option D Sample Multiple Choice
... a. efficiency by which energy is transferred from one level to the next b. number of different organisms present at each trophic level c. size of producers and consumers d. degree of competition among members of each trophic level ...
... a. efficiency by which energy is transferred from one level to the next b. number of different organisms present at each trophic level c. size of producers and consumers d. degree of competition among members of each trophic level ...
Varanus acanthurus. Photo by Jeff Lemm.
... greenhouse effect, which has changed the climate to produce ever increasing maximum temperatures. Increased temperatures threaten some lizard species in highly biodiverse tropical and subtropical regions. Many lizards are also threatened by habitat loss and over-harvesting. Although lizards are ecto ...
... greenhouse effect, which has changed the climate to produce ever increasing maximum temperatures. Increased temperatures threaten some lizard species in highly biodiverse tropical and subtropical regions. Many lizards are also threatened by habitat loss and over-harvesting. Although lizards are ecto ...
Causes for Biodiversity Loss in Ethiopia: A Review from
... Since the advent of the Anthropogenic, humans have increased the rate of species extinction by100– 1000 times the background rates that were typical over Earth’s history (Mace et al. 2005), resulting in a current global average extinction rate of ≥100 E/MSY. Currently about 25% of species in well-st ...
... Since the advent of the Anthropogenic, humans have increased the rate of species extinction by100– 1000 times the background rates that were typical over Earth’s history (Mace et al. 2005), resulting in a current global average extinction rate of ≥100 E/MSY. Currently about 25% of species in well-st ...
Mar. 3rd - Wildlife Management I
... Great and terrible flesh-eating beasts have always shared the landscape with humans…The teeth of big predators, their claws, their ferocity and their hunger, were grim realities that could be eluded but not forgotten…Among the earliest forms of human self awareness was the awareness of being meat. - ...
... Great and terrible flesh-eating beasts have always shared the landscape with humans…The teeth of big predators, their claws, their ferocity and their hunger, were grim realities that could be eluded but not forgotten…Among the earliest forms of human self awareness was the awareness of being meat. - ...
Biodiversity - Jean-Francois Le Galliard
... when extinction rates peak higher than the background and where > 50-75% of the species richness has disappeared (Sepkoski & Raup 1982) – in marine fossils, the background extinction rate amounts to 2-5 taxa per million years ...
... when extinction rates peak higher than the background and where > 50-75% of the species richness has disappeared (Sepkoski & Raup 1982) – in marine fossils, the background extinction rate amounts to 2-5 taxa per million years ...
Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?
... of the extinction risk posed by aliens. Alien plants might be more likely to cause displacement and community change rather than causing species extinctions. This is the case, for example, for Psidium cattleianum in rainforests in Madagascar, where its presence has altered diversity patterns in comm ...
... of the extinction risk posed by aliens. Alien plants might be more likely to cause displacement and community change rather than causing species extinctions. This is the case, for example, for Psidium cattleianum in rainforests in Madagascar, where its presence has altered diversity patterns in comm ...
Chap.19 Extinction, conservation and restoration
... The second and the third mass extinction • The second occurred about 65 million years ago, at the end of the age of the dinosaurs, the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period). • Over half of all the species on earth, including the dinosaurs, went extinct during this time. • A third mass extinction is now ...
... The second and the third mass extinction • The second occurred about 65 million years ago, at the end of the age of the dinosaurs, the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period). • Over half of all the species on earth, including the dinosaurs, went extinct during this time. • A third mass extinction is now ...
Now you see them, now you don`t! – population crashes of
... contracted to encompass just greater Vancouver. The population remained about that size through 1980, but by the mid-1990s probably numbered fewer than 100 individuals. The last two known individuals died in 2003 (Self 2003). Reasons for the decline suggested by Johnson and Campbell (1995) include m ...
... contracted to encompass just greater Vancouver. The population remained about that size through 1980, but by the mid-1990s probably numbered fewer than 100 individuals. The last two known individuals died in 2003 (Self 2003). Reasons for the decline suggested by Johnson and Campbell (1995) include m ...
Lesson 5 - Human Activity and Ecosystems - Hitchcock
... • An ecosystem is all of the living and nonliving things within a given area. • Changing one thing in an ecosystem can affect many other things, because everything in an ecosystem is connected. • Humans can affect ecosystems through pollution. Pollution is caused by any material or condition that ha ...
... • An ecosystem is all of the living and nonliving things within a given area. • Changing one thing in an ecosystem can affect many other things, because everything in an ecosystem is connected. • Humans can affect ecosystems through pollution. Pollution is caused by any material or condition that ha ...
Unit 2 Lesson 5 Human Activity and Ecosystems
... • Human activities can also decrease water quality, or how good the water is. Fertilizers contain nutrients that can enter ponds and lakes as runoff. • Excess nutrients in ponds and lakes cause overgrowth of algae, using up the pond’s dissolved oxygen and causing fish to die. ...
... • Human activities can also decrease water quality, or how good the water is. Fertilizers contain nutrients that can enter ponds and lakes as runoff. • Excess nutrients in ponds and lakes cause overgrowth of algae, using up the pond’s dissolved oxygen and causing fish to die. ...
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the currently ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although 875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented. According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoths whose habits had maintained grasslands which became birch forests without them. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century.There is no general agreement on whether to consider this as part of the Quaternary extinction event, or as a distinct event resulting from human-caused changes. Only during the most recent parts of the extinction have plants also suffered large losses. Overall, the Holocene extinction can be characterized by the human impact on the environment.