draft cover letter to science
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna
... some species show resilience by adapting to new scenarios under certain conditions (Chapron et al. 2014), livestock production, human population growth, and cumulative land-use impacts can trigger new conflicts or exacerbate existing ones, leading to additional declines. According to the Food and A ...
... some species show resilience by adapting to new scenarios under certain conditions (Chapron et al. 2014), livestock production, human population growth, and cumulative land-use impacts can trigger new conflicts or exacerbate existing ones, leading to additional declines. According to the Food and A ...
The Phanerozoic Eon - Jutzi
... leaving no food for the large herbivorous dinosaurs that required massive amounts of energy daily • All non‐avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and marine reptiles perished along with many other species • When the ash settled, the stage was finally set for mammals to take over the earth ...
... leaving no food for the large herbivorous dinosaurs that required massive amounts of energy daily • All non‐avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and marine reptiles perished along with many other species • When the ash settled, the stage was finally set for mammals to take over the earth ...
Evolution & Biodiversity: Origins, Niches, Adaptation
... © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP ...
... © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP ...
q1 Biodiversity Study Guide - Mrs. Chick AP Environmental Systems
... Biodiversity and food: 80% of human food supply comes from 20 kinds of plants. But humans use 40,000 species for food, clothing and shelter. Biodiversity provides for variety of foods for the planet. Biodiversity and human health: The shortage of drinking water is expected to create a major glob ...
... Biodiversity and food: 80% of human food supply comes from 20 kinds of plants. But humans use 40,000 species for food, clothing and shelter. Biodiversity provides for variety of foods for the planet. Biodiversity and human health: The shortage of drinking water is expected to create a major glob ...
Population Growth
... prey: deer. There are more deer estimated in the United States than there were when Europeans arrived. Large deer populations often cause over grazing that in turn leads to starvation of the deer. Introduction of New Species Introduction of exotic or alien non-native species into new areas is perhap ...
... prey: deer. There are more deer estimated in the United States than there were when Europeans arrived. Large deer populations often cause over grazing that in turn leads to starvation of the deer. Introduction of New Species Introduction of exotic or alien non-native species into new areas is perhap ...
Population Growth
... Two modes of population growth. The Exponential curve (also known as a J-curve) occurs when there is no limit to population size. The Logistic curve (also known as an S-curve) shows the effect of a limiting factor (in this case the carrying capacity of the environment). Population Growth Potential ...
... Two modes of population growth. The Exponential curve (also known as a J-curve) occurs when there is no limit to population size. The Logistic curve (also known as an S-curve) shows the effect of a limiting factor (in this case the carrying capacity of the environment). Population Growth Potential ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER QUESTIONS
... 5. What environmental factors influence rates of primary productivity in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems? 6. Why is an ecosystem’s net primary production lower than its gross primary production? 7. On a global scale, herbivores consume only about 17% of net primary production be terrestrial plant ...
... 5. What environmental factors influence rates of primary productivity in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems? 6. Why is an ecosystem’s net primary production lower than its gross primary production? 7. On a global scale, herbivores consume only about 17% of net primary production be terrestrial plant ...
Indirect commensalism promotes persistence of secondary
... in propagating extinction cascades [9–11]. Currently, there is little empirical evidence for secondary extinctions being caused by the loss of positive indirect interactions following a primary extinction, despite evidence that indirect interactions play a dominant role in structuring ecological com ...
... in propagating extinction cascades [9–11]. Currently, there is little empirical evidence for secondary extinctions being caused by the loss of positive indirect interactions following a primary extinction, despite evidence that indirect interactions play a dominant role in structuring ecological com ...
Indirect commensalism promotes persistence of secondary consumer
... in propagating extinction cascades [9–11]. Currently, there is little empirical evidence for secondary extinctions being caused by the loss of positive indirect interactions following a primary extinction, despite evidence that indirect interactions play a dominant role in structuring ecological com ...
... in propagating extinction cascades [9–11]. Currently, there is little empirical evidence for secondary extinctions being caused by the loss of positive indirect interactions following a primary extinction, despite evidence that indirect interactions play a dominant role in structuring ecological com ...
- Island Biodiversity
... was barely in three figures, and the island had plenty of impenetrable forest and many wetlands/swamps, so overhunting is unlikely to have been a major factor for birds, though in Réunion the limited wetlands and larger human population would have made hunting a more important factor for waterbirds. ...
... was barely in three figures, and the island had plenty of impenetrable forest and many wetlands/swamps, so overhunting is unlikely to have been a major factor for birds, though in Réunion the limited wetlands and larger human population would have made hunting a more important factor for waterbirds. ...
Dinosaurs and pterosaurs diverged from early amniotes
... large-bodied anapsids and synapsids during the Permian-Triassic extinction. About 250 million years ago, archosaurs radiated into the dinosaurs and the pterosaurs. Although they are sometimes mistakenly called dinosaurs, the pterosaurs were distinct from true dinosaurs . Pterosaurs had a number of a ...
... large-bodied anapsids and synapsids during the Permian-Triassic extinction. About 250 million years ago, archosaurs radiated into the dinosaurs and the pterosaurs. Although they are sometimes mistakenly called dinosaurs, the pterosaurs were distinct from true dinosaurs . Pterosaurs had a number of a ...
Question 1: (1 point) - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
... A population of annual grasses increases in size by 12% every year. What is the approximate doubling time? answer: 6.12 years ...
... A population of annual grasses increases in size by 12% every year. What is the approximate doubling time? answer: 6.12 years ...
ch5 - Otterville R-VI School District
... estimated 12% of the world’s known bird species may face premature extinction from human activities during this century. (Data from National Audubon Society) ...
... estimated 12% of the world’s known bird species may face premature extinction from human activities during this century. (Data from National Audubon Society) ...
socomun xxv
... in 3 amphibians, as well as 1/3 of the reef-building corals in the next several years. This has begun to take a heavy toll on humans as well because of the fact that that over 350 million people suffer from water scarcity brought on by pollution and the inability to have access to safe and viable dr ...
... in 3 amphibians, as well as 1/3 of the reef-building corals in the next several years. This has begun to take a heavy toll on humans as well because of the fact that that over 350 million people suffer from water scarcity brought on by pollution and the inability to have access to safe and viable dr ...
Effects of plant diversity on nutrient cycling in a California serpentine
... - type - intensity ...
... - type - intensity ...
Community stability and selective extinction during the Permian
... extinction intervals, and all other paleocommunities, including Ph0, as intervals of background extinction. Species were partitioned among guilds according to trophic ecology and body size (11) (Fig. 1A). Amniotes were divided into ten guilds, with herbivores feeding on a single producer guild, whil ...
... extinction intervals, and all other paleocommunities, including Ph0, as intervals of background extinction. Species were partitioned among guilds according to trophic ecology and body size (11) (Fig. 1A). Amniotes were divided into ten guilds, with herbivores feeding on a single producer guild, whil ...
Extinction: bad genes or bad luck?
... and surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the problem by population biologists. Cases of extermination s f species by human activities are celebrated and well known: the extinction may occur directly by human predation (hunting, etc.) or indirectly through the effects of other species in ...
... and surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the problem by population biologists. Cases of extermination s f species by human activities are celebrated and well known: the extinction may occur directly by human predation (hunting, etc.) or indirectly through the effects of other species in ...
Chapter 14: Conserving Biodiversity
... 14.1 The Sixth Extinction Habitat destruction not limited to rainforests Freshwater lakes and streams, grasslands, and temperate forests are also threatened If worldwide habitat destruction continues at present rate, as many as 25% of all world’s species could become extinct in 50 years ...
... 14.1 The Sixth Extinction Habitat destruction not limited to rainforests Freshwater lakes and streams, grasslands, and temperate forests are also threatened If worldwide habitat destruction continues at present rate, as many as 25% of all world’s species could become extinct in 50 years ...
Diversity, invasive species and extinctions in insular ecosystems
... and thus employing phylogenetic independent contrasts is difficult. All of the issues raised above call for additional and complementary approaches to phylogenetic-independent contrasts to help provide useful risk assessment tools to decision-makers, whose goal is to manage a suite of species (or po ...
... and thus employing phylogenetic independent contrasts is difficult. All of the issues raised above call for additional and complementary approaches to phylogenetic-independent contrasts to help provide useful risk assessment tools to decision-makers, whose goal is to manage a suite of species (or po ...
Environments Through Time - NagleEarthandEnvironmental
... ecosystem (niche) or by natural environmental changes. Radiation: when the survivors of the extinction radiate and flourish replacing the lost organisms Ecological Niche: the place of a plant or an animal within its ecosystem or community Distinguish between mass extinctions and smaller extinctions ...
... ecosystem (niche) or by natural environmental changes. Radiation: when the survivors of the extinction radiate and flourish replacing the lost organisms Ecological Niche: the place of a plant or an animal within its ecosystem or community Distinguish between mass extinctions and smaller extinctions ...
Tortoise Tales
... 5. Commensalism: An ecological relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is not affected. These community relationships help us to identify the niche that each organism occupies in its habitat. They also help us identify and understand the interrelationships between and ...
... 5. Commensalism: An ecological relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is not affected. These community relationships help us to identify the niche that each organism occupies in its habitat. They also help us identify and understand the interrelationships between and ...
Modelling macroevolutionary patterns: An
... throughout the Phanerozoic and any theory of macroevolution should incorporate them. The end-Cretaceous event (K/T) is particularly well known and is consistent with a high-energy asteroid impact which generated severe darkening with a temporal cesation of photosynthetic activity on a very large sca ...
... throughout the Phanerozoic and any theory of macroevolution should incorporate them. The end-Cretaceous event (K/T) is particularly well known and is consistent with a high-energy asteroid impact which generated severe darkening with a temporal cesation of photosynthetic activity on a very large sca ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna
... some species show resilience by adapting to new scenarios under certain conditions (Chapron et al. 2014), livestock production, human population growth, and cumulative land-use impacts can trigger new conflicts or exacerbate existing ones, leading to additional declines. According to the Food and A ...
... some species show resilience by adapting to new scenarios under certain conditions (Chapron et al. 2014), livestock production, human population growth, and cumulative land-use impacts can trigger new conflicts or exacerbate existing ones, leading to additional declines. According to the Food and A ...
Ecosystems and Adaptations
... Fossils are the remains or traces of things that once lived. ! Fossils and rocks show that species and ecosystems have changed through out ...
... Fossils are the remains or traces of things that once lived. ! Fossils and rocks show that species and ecosystems have changed through out ...
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the currently ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although 875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented. According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoths whose habits had maintained grasslands which became birch forests without them. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century.There is no general agreement on whether to consider this as part of the Quaternary extinction event, or as a distinct event resulting from human-caused changes. Only during the most recent parts of the extinction have plants also suffered large losses. Overall, the Holocene extinction can be characterized by the human impact on the environment.