III. Exponential growth
... mussels filter plankton from the surrounding water. This filtering can increase water clarity, which might cause more aquatic vegetation to grow at deeper depths and more dense stands. If a lake has high numbers of mussels over large areas, this filter feeding could impact the food chain, reducing f ...
... mussels filter plankton from the surrounding water. This filtering can increase water clarity, which might cause more aquatic vegetation to grow at deeper depths and more dense stands. If a lake has high numbers of mussels over large areas, this filter feeding could impact the food chain, reducing f ...
Enquiry 4 Almost Armageddon!
... deep time. Both the chronology and significance of geologic time are often quite challenging for young people to comprehend, given the enormity of a 4.6 billion year timeline. To help pupils engage with geological time, the investigation begins with defining and exploring the extent of history and p ...
... deep time. Both the chronology and significance of geologic time are often quite challenging for young people to comprehend, given the enormity of a 4.6 billion year timeline. To help pupils engage with geological time, the investigation begins with defining and exploring the extent of history and p ...
EXTINCTION IS FOREVER: When the last members of a species die
... world changed too much for them to survive. Natural changes have reshaped the Earth many times before, removing some old species and replacing them with new ones. Unnatural changes caused by humans have sped up the rate of extinction by nearly 1000 times. Each day about 137 different species of anim ...
... world changed too much for them to survive. Natural changes have reshaped the Earth many times before, removing some old species and replacing them with new ones. Unnatural changes caused by humans have sped up the rate of extinction by nearly 1000 times. Each day about 137 different species of anim ...
Is human culture carcinogenic for uncontrolled population growth
... There is a choice of perspectives in viewing the ecological changes and species extinctions that have accompanied human population expansion. One may adopt a neoDarwinian perspective that this progression of events is natural, but that perspective has the potential hazard of being both teleological ...
... There is a choice of perspectives in viewing the ecological changes and species extinctions that have accompanied human population expansion. One may adopt a neoDarwinian perspective that this progression of events is natural, but that perspective has the potential hazard of being both teleological ...
Fall Final Exam SG
... Identify a population growth pyramid that is increasing, decreasing & stable. ...
... Identify a population growth pyramid that is increasing, decreasing & stable. ...
Biodiversity of Life
... 3. Many plants could not exist w/out animals to pollinate for them and carry their seeds. ...
... 3. Many plants could not exist w/out animals to pollinate for them and carry their seeds. ...
Modern lessons from ancient food webs
... Recent investigations into the structure and dynamics of past and contemporary food webs has shown that there is a certain fixedness in the patterns of species interactions, independent of species identity, habitat, and time. However, this fixed structure appears to be sensitive to external disturba ...
... Recent investigations into the structure and dynamics of past and contemporary food webs has shown that there is a certain fixedness in the patterns of species interactions, independent of species identity, habitat, and time. However, this fixed structure appears to be sensitive to external disturba ...
Towards the Sustainable Production and Consumption of
... Elevated rates of extinction are being driven by human consumption of organic resources, especially related to tropical forest destruction[7]. While most of the species that are becoming extinct are not food species, their biomass is converted into human food when their habitat is transformed into p ...
... Elevated rates of extinction are being driven by human consumption of organic resources, especially related to tropical forest destruction[7]. While most of the species that are becoming extinct are not food species, their biomass is converted into human food when their habitat is transformed into p ...
Lecture Outlines Natural Disasters, 5th edition
... Madagascar and New Zealand • When humans arrived, largest animals were flightless birds – elephant birds in Madagascar and moas in New Zealand • Humans killed birds and stole eggs until populations were low enough that random extinction finished them off • Rate of human-induced or –related extinctio ...
... Madagascar and New Zealand • When humans arrived, largest animals were flightless birds – elephant birds in Madagascar and moas in New Zealand • Humans killed birds and stole eggs until populations were low enough that random extinction finished them off • Rate of human-induced or –related extinctio ...
Biodiversity – Threats
... punctuated by extinction episodes, the five most devastating of which are termed mass extinctions. Over 99% of all species that have existed on this planet are now extinct. Present biodiversity is nonetheless impressive, with over 1.75 million species described and at least an order of magnitude more ...
... punctuated by extinction episodes, the five most devastating of which are termed mass extinctions. Over 99% of all species that have existed on this planet are now extinct. Present biodiversity is nonetheless impressive, with over 1.75 million species described and at least an order of magnitude more ...
AP Environmental Science Student Sample Question 1
... One point was earned in part (a) for providing an explanation that demonstrates how disease seldom causes extinction “because of genetic diversity.” Those individuals that “are genetically resistant” will be able to “survive and pass on their resistance” to the next generation. Two points were earne ...
... One point was earned in part (a) for providing an explanation that demonstrates how disease seldom causes extinction “because of genetic diversity.” Those individuals that “are genetically resistant” will be able to “survive and pass on their resistance” to the next generation. Two points were earne ...
THE AMPHIBIAN DECLINE LESSON PLAN
... “We suggest that single-factor explanations for am phibian declines are likely the exception rather t han the rule,” the researchers wrote in their repo ...
... “We suggest that single-factor explanations for am phibian declines are likely the exception rather t han the rule,” the researchers wrote in their repo ...
On the Origin of Species
... The changes seen in the fossil record occur at speciation behavior physiology cryptic species The changes are rapid, but not instantaneous--’successive bedding planes’ time scale differences The time interval over which change occurs is small relative to the ‘lifespan’ of the species or group. ...
... The changes seen in the fossil record occur at speciation behavior physiology cryptic species The changes are rapid, but not instantaneous--’successive bedding planes’ time scale differences The time interval over which change occurs is small relative to the ‘lifespan’ of the species or group. ...
reef-coral diversity from the late oligocene antigua fm. and
... colonies from 36 collections in 16 localities yielded 45 species from 25 genera including 1 1 species that have not been previously described. Local assemblages from the Antigua Fm. include between 1 0 and 30 species. However, these richness estimates are suspect because of uneven sampling among dif ...
... colonies from 36 collections in 16 localities yielded 45 species from 25 genera including 1 1 species that have not been previously described. Local assemblages from the Antigua Fm. include between 1 0 and 30 species. However, these richness estimates are suspect because of uneven sampling among dif ...
Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population
... (i.e. IðNt Þ ¼ 1). Perhaps the most common Allee effect occurs in species subject to predation by a generalist predator with a saturating functional response. Within such populations, an individual’s risk of predation decreases as the population’s density increases. The importance of this form of po ...
... (i.e. IðNt Þ ¼ 1). Perhaps the most common Allee effect occurs in species subject to predation by a generalist predator with a saturating functional response. Within such populations, an individual’s risk of predation decreases as the population’s density increases. The importance of this form of po ...
i3157e02
... of a species remain. In addition, extinction rates are estimated to be between 50 and 500 times higher than those observed from fossil records or the so-called “background rate”. When species which are possibly extinct are included in these estimates, the current rate of species loss increases to be ...
... of a species remain. In addition, extinction rates are estimated to be between 50 and 500 times higher than those observed from fossil records or the so-called “background rate”. When species which are possibly extinct are included in these estimates, the current rate of species loss increases to be ...
Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population
... Predator Saturation Perhaps the most common Allee effect occurs in species subject to predation by a generalist predator with a saturating functional response. Within such populations, an individual’s risk of predation decreases as the population’s density increases. The importance of this form of p ...
... Predator Saturation Perhaps the most common Allee effect occurs in species subject to predation by a generalist predator with a saturating functional response. Within such populations, an individual’s risk of predation decreases as the population’s density increases. The importance of this form of p ...
Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
... Extinctions Before the End of the Last Glaciation The extinction of late Pleistocene megafaunal species was not a singular event, but rather a process that spanned many thousands of years. It was also time-transgressive on the various continents, so it was not tied to a single global climatic change ...
... Extinctions Before the End of the Last Glaciation The extinction of late Pleistocene megafaunal species was not a singular event, but rather a process that spanned many thousands of years. It was also time-transgressive on the various continents, so it was not tied to a single global climatic change ...
Diversity1
... • If extinction rates are as high as 5% per decade, then regardless of how many species exist on Earth, more than half will be extinct within 150 years, 2164 • At the rates considered more realistic (i.e., <1% per decade) the rate of species description greatly outpaces extinction rates whether ther ...
... • If extinction rates are as high as 5% per decade, then regardless of how many species exist on Earth, more than half will be extinct within 150 years, 2164 • At the rates considered more realistic (i.e., <1% per decade) the rate of species description greatly outpaces extinction rates whether ther ...
Of all the species that have lived on the Earth since life first
... calculated from an analytic “mean field” solution of the model. This mean field solution is a generalization of the one given for the model of Bak and Sneppen. The technical details of the solution will be covered in another paper that I am planning on writing. For the moment I simply note that the ...
... calculated from an analytic “mean field” solution of the model. This mean field solution is a generalization of the one given for the model of Bak and Sneppen. The technical details of the solution will be covered in another paper that I am planning on writing. For the moment I simply note that the ...
slides - UBC Botany
... – Red Queen works best for short-term, ecosystem-scale processes, but these local patterns may be overwhelmed at larger scales where ‘random geological events’ have large effects Benton 2009 ...
... – Red Queen works best for short-term, ecosystem-scale processes, but these local patterns may be overwhelmed at larger scales where ‘random geological events’ have large effects Benton 2009 ...
The controversy space on Quaternary megafaunal extinctions
... Please cite this article in press as: Monjeau, J.A., et al., The controversy space on Quaternary megafaunal extinctions, Quaternary International ...
... Please cite this article in press as: Monjeau, J.A., et al., The controversy space on Quaternary megafaunal extinctions, Quaternary International ...
Causes of Mass Extinctions - With Special Reference to Vanishing
... extinction. Matthew (2009) argued that volcanic weathering led to draw down pCO2 and resulted in a cooling episode, which produced the well known End-Ordovician (Hirnantian) glaciation. It is remarkable that both rapid warming and glaciation might be occurred during the Permian; as stated by several ...
... extinction. Matthew (2009) argued that volcanic weathering led to draw down pCO2 and resulted in a cooling episode, which produced the well known End-Ordovician (Hirnantian) glaciation. It is remarkable that both rapid warming and glaciation might be occurred during the Permian; as stated by several ...
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the currently ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although 875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented. According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoths whose habits had maintained grasslands which became birch forests without them. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century.There is no general agreement on whether to consider this as part of the Quaternary extinction event, or as a distinct event resulting from human-caused changes. Only during the most recent parts of the extinction have plants also suffered large losses. Overall, the Holocene extinction can be characterized by the human impact on the environment.