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The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy in
The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy in

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Wings, Horns, and Butterfly Eyespots: How Do Complex Traits Evolve?
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... CREs that drive gene expression in context 1 are unable to do so in context 2 (Figure 2C). Additional CREs have to evolve de novo, probably one at a time, in order to rebuild the same network in tissue 2. In this scenario we do not expect to find pleiotropic CREs. ...
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Epigenetics in learning and memory

While the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory have long been a central focus of neuroscience, it is only in recent years that attention has turned to the epigenetic mechanisms behind the dynamic changes in gene transcription responsible for memory formation and maintenance. Epigenetic gene regulation often involves the physical marking (chemical modification) of DNA or associated proteins to cause or allow long-lasting changes in gene activity. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, and deacetylation) have been shown to play an important role in learning and memory.
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