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2010 HSC Exam Paper - Biology
2010 HSC Exam Paper - Biology

... An experiment was conducted to test the effect of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) on the pH of water. It was found that the pH of water decreased as CO2 was added. How do these findings relate to the acidity of blood as it circulates in the body? (A) Blood in the veins of muscles becomes less acidic ...
computation for chIP-seq and rNA-seq studies
computation for chIP-seq and rNA-seq studies

... these criteria are met, successful ChIP-seq datasets typically consist of 2–20 million mapped reads. In addition to the degree of success of the immunoprecipitation, the number of occupied sites in the genome, the size of the enriched regions and the range of ChIP signal intensities all affect the r ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

... DNA DOUBLE HELIX In the 1950s, a young American biologist, James Watson, teamed up with British graduate student Francis Crick at Cambridge University in England to try to determine the structure of DNA. By 1953, they had put together a model for the structure of DNA as shown in Figure 10-4. They pr ...
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

... organization and the ability of CEN to impart chromosomal stability. The chromatin components involved in the structural integrity of this chromosomal domain are therefore requisite for function. Isolation and characterization of the CEN DNA-binding proteins will be essential in a description of the ...
Minireview Alpha Satellite and the Quest for the Human Centromere
Minireview Alpha Satellite and the Quest for the Human Centromere

... suggests that the alpha satellite arrays are mostly homogeneous, but some interspersed sequences are present. These include LINEs, Alu repeats, and other satellites (Lee et al., 1997), which are predominantly present in other parts of the genome that never associate with kinetochores, suggesting tha ...
RNA StructureHerndon
RNA StructureHerndon

... RNA is the principle molecule that carries out the instructions coded in DNA RNA is considered a macromolecule RNA has three different types: – 1. mRNA (messenger RNA- mailman) – 2. rRNA (ribosomal RNA- the factory) – 3. tRNA (transfer RNA- deliveryman) ...
Lab Meeting, Oct 16 2003
Lab Meeting, Oct 16 2003

... – 1st against asterids (e.g. tobacco). – If no match was found then against all eudicotyledons (e.g. arabidopsis) ...
Comparative In silico Study of Sex
Comparative In silico Study of Sex

... and 4) classified the species into two groups. Group 1 contains of four species (Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Rattusnorvegicus, and Musmusculus) with the lowest genetic distances, Group 2 contains11 species (Canis lupus, Tursiopsaduncus, Susscrofa, ...
Class XII biology Worksheet genetics and evolution
Class XII biology Worksheet genetics and evolution

... b) Mention the consequences of such binding. c) What will prevent the binding of the molecule “M’ with the operator gene? Mention the event that follows. F’09 Differentiate between a template strand and a coding strand of DNA. F’09 How is Darwin’s concept of evolution different from de Vries? F’09 H ...
Function of E. coli RNA Polymerase Factor 70 in
Function of E. coli RNA Polymerase Factor 70 in

... changed to bring the pausing sequences to full extended 210 consensus; in contrast to X10#1, it supports efficient pausing at the displaced position (see also Figure 6). s70 Is Required for Pausing The apparent equivalence of the pause-inducing and s70 210 consensus sequences naturally suggests, but ...
The silence of genes
The silence of genes

... encountered the phenomenon three millennia ago, when they observed that a female horse crossed with a male donkey yielded a mule, whereas a male horse crossed with a female donkey gave a ‘hinny’. The mule has longer ears, whereas the hinny has stronger legs and a thicker mane. The differences betwee ...
Chromatin Structure Is a Focus for Regulation 30.2
Chromatin Structure Is a Focus for Regulation 30.2

... – Results in alteration of the position of a particular sequence on the nucleosomal suface ...
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND GENERAL GENETICS
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND GENERAL GENETICS

... – structural (membranes are components of all cell organelles except ribosomes and centrosomes); – barrier (protects the cell from external factors and sustains its composition); – metabolic (many enzymes are located on membranes); receptor (receives signals, recognizes substances). 4 Methods of pas ...
File - Bengt Hansson
File - Bengt Hansson

... Find the poly-A signal (AAUAAA) in the cDNA sequence; how many such signals do you find? What is the distance in base pairs to the poly-A tail from the stop codon? ...
Vaccination with DNA Encoding a Single-Chain
Vaccination with DNA Encoding a Single-Chain

... combination of these genetic elements gives rise to Id determinants the residue right before the terminal cysteine, using the CB reverse primer, that are expressed clonotypically by the T cell. When expressed by 5⬘-GCTAGCGTCTGCTCGGCCCCAGGCC-3⬘. For V␤C␤, 5⬘-AAGCTTAGmalignant or autoreactive T-cell c ...
Section 13.1
Section 13.1

... will attach to one DNA strand Transcription will stop when: ...
A Rapid Chromosome Mapping Method for Cloned Fragments of Yeast DNA.
A Rapid Chromosome Mapping Method for Cloned Fragments of Yeast DNA.

... containing virtually any yeast gene in which mutants can be found [see BOTSTEIN and DAVIS (1982) for review]. Recombinant DNA methods have, in addition, allowed the identification of interesting DNA segments corresponding to no mapped yeast gene. T h e classical mapping methods referred to can be ap ...
Chapter 1 - Bioinformatics Research Center
Chapter 1 - Bioinformatics Research Center

... A genetic map is a description of the relative order of genetic markers in linkage groups in which the distance between markers is expressed as units of recombination. The genetic markers are most often physical attributes of the DNA (such as sequence tags, simple repeats, or restriction enzyme poly ...
Praktikum der Microarray-Datenanalyse
Praktikum der Microarray-Datenanalyse

... assumptions, the results of the these methods must be interpreted carefully. Moreover, the foundations and the validity of some approaches had been questioned in recent ...
Direct Sequence Analysis of the 14q+ and 18q
Direct Sequence Analysis of the 14q+ and 18q

... requires the presence of the 5' recombination signals next to the junctional D, exon, lack of amplification may be due to removal of the 5' recombination signal sequence by a preceding V,-D, recombination. In addition, the D, primer includes part of the intervening sequence between the heptamer and ...
An In Silico Investigation Into the Discovery of Novel Cis
An In Silico Investigation Into the Discovery of Novel Cis

... bench work. Here we employed several public online and offline programs/databases as tools to investigate the nucleotide sequences of the PAX7 gene. Results: Several potential cis-acting elements within the intronic regions of PAX7 were discovered through in silico biological methods. Transcription ...
DNA Electrophoresis of precut restriction digests – the WHODUNNIT
DNA Electrophoresis of precut restriction digests – the WHODUNNIT

... * how gel electrophoresis separates DNA molecules present in a mixture * how restriction endonucleases function * the importance of restriction enzymes to genetic engineering experiments Section B: After doing this laboratory you should be able to: * demonstrate how restrictions enzymes are used in ...
Cells: A Multiple Time Point Analysis Chronic Lymphocytic
Cells: A Multiple Time Point Analysis Chronic Lymphocytic

... includes preferential segregation of somatic point mutations yielding an amino acid replacement (R mutations) within the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), and various degrees of intraclonal diversification, as assessed by variation in the frequency and distribution of somatic point mutatio ...
AIDS Case Study Teacher Guide - URMC
AIDS Case Study Teacher Guide - URMC

...  Give each student a copy of part 1. Choose a student to read the AIDSVax letter out loud.  Use PowerPoint slides 3-10 to go over how the immune system works and how vaccines can be used to boost the immune system. This will prepare students for how to interpret the animal model data. Also go over ...
Rapid and specific determination of DNA adducts for clinical diagnosis of
Rapid and specific determination of DNA adducts for clinical diagnosis of

... leading to the formation of the corresponding DNA adducts. Therefore, such DNA adducts may serve as biomarkers of exposure and can be used to confirm ingestion of AAs. Analysis of DNA-AA adducts may support the clinical diagnosis of AA-associated poisoning and disease. Although the import and sale ...
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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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