CH 14 notes - Lincoln Park High School
... o DNA is in nucleus, but proteins are made at ribosomes, so messenger RNA is needed to deliver the code o 3 main differences w/ DNA: 1. Ribose 2. 1 strand 3. Uracil instead of thymine • Transcription: copying a gene into RNA (p.195) 1. Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to promoter on DNA & unzips it ...
... o DNA is in nucleus, but proteins are made at ribosomes, so messenger RNA is needed to deliver the code o 3 main differences w/ DNA: 1. Ribose 2. 1 strand 3. Uracil instead of thymine • Transcription: copying a gene into RNA (p.195) 1. Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to promoter on DNA & unzips it ...
Biology 430
... When a cell is carrying out its daily functions it must produce certain proteins to function. DNA serves as the blueprint for determining the order in which amino acids are placed within a protein. To do this DNA must first be transcribed into mRNA. This process is called transcription. ...
... When a cell is carrying out its daily functions it must produce certain proteins to function. DNA serves as the blueprint for determining the order in which amino acids are placed within a protein. To do this DNA must first be transcribed into mRNA. This process is called transcription. ...
Transcription and Translation Exercise
... G A U3’ A C5’ A3’ G U5’ C3’ C G5’ G3’ U G5’ G3’ A C5’ G3’ G C5’ G3’ C C5’ U3’ G A5’ ...
... G A U3’ A C5’ A3’ G U5’ C3’ C G5’ G3’ U G5’ G3’ A C5’ G3’ G C5’ G3’ C C5’ U3’ G A5’ ...
Simulating Protein Synthesis 01/04
... Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are segments of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptide chains (proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in polypep ...
... Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are segments of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptide chains (proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in polypep ...
DNA REPLICATION, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND MUTATIONS
... When a cell is carrying out its daily functions it must produce certain proteins to function. DNA serves as the blueprint for determining the order in which amino acids are placed within a protein. To do this DNA must first be transcribed into mRNA. This process is called transcription. ...
... When a cell is carrying out its daily functions it must produce certain proteins to function. DNA serves as the blueprint for determining the order in which amino acids are placed within a protein. To do this DNA must first be transcribed into mRNA. This process is called transcription. ...
CS374 - Stanford University
... “ Once the entire sequence was replicated, it was reconverted into RNA by enzymatic means. Viral propagation and replication were accomplished by throwing the virus into a predesigned protein soup that contained all the polymerases and other enzymatic ingredients necessary for RNA transcription and ...
... “ Once the entire sequence was replicated, it was reconverted into RNA by enzymatic means. Viral propagation and replication were accomplished by throwing the virus into a predesigned protein soup that contained all the polymerases and other enzymatic ingredients necessary for RNA transcription and ...
WELCOME TO BIOLOGY 2002 - University of Indianapolis
... Translation occurs in three steps: • Elongation: amino acids are joined together and the ribosome moves to the next codon. • New tRNAs enters the A site of the ribosome • A peptide bond forms between the polypeptide on the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid in the A site, which transfers the poly ...
... Translation occurs in three steps: • Elongation: amino acids are joined together and the ribosome moves to the next codon. • New tRNAs enters the A site of the ribosome • A peptide bond forms between the polypeptide on the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid in the A site, which transfers the poly ...
Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in
... we recently found to be an RNAP II CTD phosphatase with specificity for serine5-P. Interestingly, Ssu72 is an essential component of the pre-mRNA 3’-end processing machinery, although this function is independent of phosphatase activity. Current efforts are directed toward understanding the connecti ...
... we recently found to be an RNAP II CTD phosphatase with specificity for serine5-P. Interestingly, Ssu72 is an essential component of the pre-mRNA 3’-end processing machinery, although this function is independent of phosphatase activity. Current efforts are directed toward understanding the connecti ...
lecture notes-molecular biology-web
... modification of a protein after its translation. It is one of the later steps in protein biosynthesis. • It may involve the folding of a proper structure, the formation of disulfide bridges and attachment of any of a number of biochemical functional groups, such as phosphate, acetate, various lipids ...
... modification of a protein after its translation. It is one of the later steps in protein biosynthesis. • It may involve the folding of a proper structure, the formation of disulfide bridges and attachment of any of a number of biochemical functional groups, such as phosphate, acetate, various lipids ...
Biol-1406_Ch10Notes.ppt
... mRNA cooperate in protein synthesis, which begins with __________ 1. The mRNA binds to the _____________ subunit 2. The mRNA slides through the subunit until the first ____ (start codon) is exposed in the first _____ ...
... mRNA cooperate in protein synthesis, which begins with __________ 1. The mRNA binds to the _____________ subunit 2. The mRNA slides through the subunit until the first ____ (start codon) is exposed in the first _____ ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... polymerase from binding to the promoter to initiate transcription. • In the presence of lactose, an activator binds to the repressor so it can no longer bind to the operator. Transcription of the genes can ...
... polymerase from binding to the promoter to initiate transcription. • In the presence of lactose, an activator binds to the repressor so it can no longer bind to the operator. Transcription of the genes can ...
Introduction to Biology
... “ Once the entire sequence was replicated, it was reconverted into RNA by enzymatic means. Viral propagation and replication were accomplished by throwing the virus into a predesigned protein soup that contained all the polymerases and other enzymatic ingredients necessary for RNA transcription and ...
... “ Once the entire sequence was replicated, it was reconverted into RNA by enzymatic means. Viral propagation and replication were accomplished by throwing the virus into a predesigned protein soup that contained all the polymerases and other enzymatic ingredients necessary for RNA transcription and ...
Translation Notes
... bond between the previous amino acid and its tRNA. The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon. The first tRNA exits the ribosome, and another codon is exposed. ...
... bond between the previous amino acid and its tRNA. The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon. The first tRNA exits the ribosome, and another codon is exposed. ...
Microbial Genetics
... • Codons are complementary to a region of three nucleotides, called anticodons, on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. • Start codon is first recognized by ribosome subunits, which sandwiches the mRNA and allows the first tRNA to bind by base pair complementation between mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon. • ...
... • Codons are complementary to a region of three nucleotides, called anticodons, on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. • Start codon is first recognized by ribosome subunits, which sandwiches the mRNA and allows the first tRNA to bind by base pair complementation between mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon. • ...
RNA processing
... – mRNA modifications create an open reading frame and permit it to be translated • Splicing removes non-functional regions of the primary transcript yielding mature message • Capping and polyadenylation characterize mRNA processing ...
... – mRNA modifications create an open reading frame and permit it to be translated • Splicing removes non-functional regions of the primary transcript yielding mature message • Capping and polyadenylation characterize mRNA processing ...
A different PowerPoint that combines the
... Transfer RNA (tRNA) • An RNA molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid. • The opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon. • If there are 64 possible codons how many different tRNA molecules do you think there are? ...
... Transfer RNA (tRNA) • An RNA molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid. • The opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon. • If there are 64 possible codons how many different tRNA molecules do you think there are? ...
HG06_geneexpression
... The gene,c code is universal -‐All known organisms use the same gene/c code. (Rare organisms use one codon for an addi,onal amino acid.) The gene,c code is degenerate -‐Some codo ...
... The gene,c code is universal -‐All known organisms use the same gene/c code. (Rare organisms use one codon for an addi,onal amino acid.) The gene,c code is degenerate -‐Some codo ...
Nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids
... protein synthesis. Single stranded. - ribosomal RNA = rRNA : components of the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis (translation). rRNA forms self-complementary double-stranded regions (in RNA there is Uracil instead of Thymine as a base, it forms double hydrogen bonds with Adenine). - t ...
... protein synthesis. Single stranded. - ribosomal RNA = rRNA : components of the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis (translation). rRNA forms self-complementary double-stranded regions (in RNA there is Uracil instead of Thymine as a base, it forms double hydrogen bonds with Adenine). - t ...
Discussion Guide Chapter 15
... 7. A new form of DNA is discovered that appears to be able to replicate itself both in the 3’ → 5’ direction and in the 5’ → 3’ direction. If this is true, how would this newly discovered DNA replication differ from DNA replication as we know it? ...
... 7. A new form of DNA is discovered that appears to be able to replicate itself both in the 3’ → 5’ direction and in the 5’ → 3’ direction. If this is true, how would this newly discovered DNA replication differ from DNA replication as we know it? ...
Slide 1
... the two DNA strands. D) One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. E) One strand contains only purines and the ...
... the two DNA strands. D) One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. E) One strand contains only purines and the ...
Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS)
... – Alternative to gene knock-outs, which were/are very difficult to do in higher plants and animals • Theory: by introducing an antisense gene (or asRNA) into cells, the asRNA would “zip up” the complementary mRNA into a dsRNA that would not be translated • The “antisense effect” was highly variable, ...
... – Alternative to gene knock-outs, which were/are very difficult to do in higher plants and animals • Theory: by introducing an antisense gene (or asRNA) into cells, the asRNA would “zip up” the complementary mRNA into a dsRNA that would not be translated • The “antisense effect” was highly variable, ...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology.As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961.