Minireview Alpha Satellite and the Quest for the Human Centromere
... The best-characterized centromere is found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this unicellular eukaryote, centromere function is conferred by a small (125 bp) DNA sequence whose overall organization and sequence composition are highly conserved among the 16 different centromeres. The apparent ...
... The best-characterized centromere is found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this unicellular eukaryote, centromere function is conferred by a small (125 bp) DNA sequence whose overall organization and sequence composition are highly conserved among the 16 different centromeres. The apparent ...
Answer Appendix B - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... sequence of DNA within that polymer; the sequence of bases creates a gene and distinguishes it from other genes. Genes are located in chromosomes, which are found within living cells. C4. At the molecular level, a gene (a sequence of DNA) is first transcribed into RNA. The genetic code within the RN ...
... sequence of DNA within that polymer; the sequence of bases creates a gene and distinguishes it from other genes. Genes are located in chromosomes, which are found within living cells. C4. At the molecular level, a gene (a sequence of DNA) is first transcribed into RNA. The genetic code within the RN ...
Exercise 11 - Understanding the Output for a blastn Search
... search. In addition, there are several optional parameters (such as the ‘expect’ threshold and other scoring parameters) that we can use to modify the behavior of BLAST. Detecting sequence homology to mRNA using blastn: One strategy to finding protein-coding genes is to search for sequence similarit ...
... search. In addition, there are several optional parameters (such as the ‘expect’ threshold and other scoring parameters) that we can use to modify the behavior of BLAST. Detecting sequence homology to mRNA using blastn: One strategy to finding protein-coding genes is to search for sequence similarit ...
TaDAD2, a Negative Regulator of Programmed Cell
... Defender against cell death (DAD) genes are known to function as negative regulators of cell death in animals. In plants, DAD orthologs are conserved but their role in cell death regulation is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat. The predicted amino ...
... Defender against cell death (DAD) genes are known to function as negative regulators of cell death in animals. In plants, DAD orthologs are conserved but their role in cell death regulation is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of the TaDAD2 gene in wheat. The predicted amino ...
The surface-located YopN protein is involved in calcium signal
... specific induction of virulence-plasmid-encoded yop genes. Regulation of yop expression is exerted at transcriptional level by a temperature-regulated activator and by Ca^'-regulated negative elements. The yopN gene was shown to encode a protein (formerly also designated Yop4b) which is surface-loca ...
... specific induction of virulence-plasmid-encoded yop genes. Regulation of yop expression is exerted at transcriptional level by a temperature-regulated activator and by Ca^'-regulated negative elements. The yopN gene was shown to encode a protein (formerly also designated Yop4b) which is surface-loca ...
Replication Protein A (RPA1a) Is Required for Meiotic and Somatic
... and chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. In addition, the osrpa1a mutant was hypersensitive to ultraviolet-C irradiation and the DNA-damaging agents mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate. Thus, our data suggest that OsRPA1a plays an essential role in DNA repair but may not participate i ...
... and chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. In addition, the osrpa1a mutant was hypersensitive to ultraviolet-C irradiation and the DNA-damaging agents mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate. Thus, our data suggest that OsRPA1a plays an essential role in DNA repair but may not participate i ...
Learning objectives for Sequence Analysis 1
... other sequence data, there is an ample information as to the biological function of particular sequences in model organisms that may be exploited to predict the function of similar genes in other organisms. 31. In the database searches, the sequence of the gene or protein of interest is compared to ...
... other sequence data, there is an ample information as to the biological function of particular sequences in model organisms that may be exploited to predict the function of similar genes in other organisms. 31. In the database searches, the sequence of the gene or protein of interest is compared to ...
Tweak to molecular scissors cuts path to turn on genes —
... The types of resident bacteria also vary between people and mice. Both microbiomes are dominated by two major bacterial groups: bacteroidetes and firmicutes. But their precise composition is difficult to compare because researchers have usually used different methods to study them. There are at leas ...
... The types of resident bacteria also vary between people and mice. Both microbiomes are dominated by two major bacterial groups: bacteroidetes and firmicutes. But their precise composition is difficult to compare because researchers have usually used different methods to study them. There are at leas ...
Drug-specific Sites of Topoisomerase II DNA
... topoisomerase II (Fig. 1B). Interestingly, VM-26 stimulated a very (35), and several dh-EPI sites were localized in nucleosomal DNA strong cleavage site once per repeat that appearsto be the sameas that linkers (Fig. 2), in agreementwith publisheddata(19, 36). Neverthe observed in vivo. The dh-Epi-s ...
... topoisomerase II (Fig. 1B). Interestingly, VM-26 stimulated a very (35), and several dh-EPI sites were localized in nucleosomal DNA strong cleavage site once per repeat that appearsto be the sameas that linkers (Fig. 2), in agreementwith publisheddata(19, 36). Neverthe observed in vivo. The dh-Epi-s ...
What is the Molecular Clock? Components of the Molecular Clock
... in a series of negative feedback loops. These transcription factors bind to DNA regions called promoters, which are DNA sequences found near a gene. The binding of a transcription factor to a promoter may turn the gene on or off, thereby controlling production of proteins. In some cases, a heterodim ...
... in a series of negative feedback loops. These transcription factors bind to DNA regions called promoters, which are DNA sequences found near a gene. The binding of a transcription factor to a promoter may turn the gene on or off, thereby controlling production of proteins. In some cases, a heterodim ...
The humble ancestors of almost every living thing
... There are two big questions waiting to be answered. Firstly: what are the Loki-like doing with these genes? Do these “eukaryotic” genes in archaea behave the same way they do in actual eukaryotes? Ettema: “To figure this out, you need to culture them. With the original Loki, this poses a problem”. E ...
... There are two big questions waiting to be answered. Firstly: what are the Loki-like doing with these genes? Do these “eukaryotic” genes in archaea behave the same way they do in actual eukaryotes? Ettema: “To figure this out, you need to culture them. With the original Loki, this poses a problem”. E ...
A homologue of the breast cancer associated gene BARD1 is
... To identify putative BARD1 homologues in the Arabidopsis genome, a database search was carried out in TAIR-BLASTP using hBARD1 as template (NP000456). This search resulted in two significant hits: At4g21070, which had previously been classified as the hBRCA1 homologue of Arabidopsis (Lafarge and Mon ...
... To identify putative BARD1 homologues in the Arabidopsis genome, a database search was carried out in TAIR-BLASTP using hBARD1 as template (NP000456). This search resulted in two significant hits: At4g21070, which had previously been classified as the hBRCA1 homologue of Arabidopsis (Lafarge and Mon ...
Molecular events during translocation and proofreading extracted
... primer shuttles to and from the exonuclease active site in the event of an accidental mismatch. The rest of this paper presents detailed evidences resulting from a joint analysis of the abundant structural and functional data in support of the mechanisms of translocation and proofreading outlined ab ...
... primer shuttles to and from the exonuclease active site in the event of an accidental mismatch. The rest of this paper presents detailed evidences resulting from a joint analysis of the abundant structural and functional data in support of the mechanisms of translocation and proofreading outlined ab ...
Contrasting Effects of ENU Induced Embryonic Lethal Mutations of
... alleles causing either embryonic lethality at approximately day 9 in utero, qk lethal-1 (qk l-1), qk kt1, qk k2, and qk kt3 (Shedlovsky et al., 1988; Justice and Bode, 1986, 1988), or dysmyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), resulting in a quaking pheno ...
... alleles causing either embryonic lethality at approximately day 9 in utero, qk lethal-1 (qk l-1), qk kt1, qk k2, and qk kt3 (Shedlovsky et al., 1988; Justice and Bode, 1986, 1988), or dysmyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), resulting in a quaking pheno ...
Driscoll Katee Driscoll Dr. Ely Genetics October 20, 2013 Effects of
... Optimization procedures were applied to the models in order to produce the optimal prediction model, which relied on the method of splitting the data (using some of the data as a training set to predict the HTT CAG repeat lengths for the remaining samples that comprised the other set) (Lee et al. 20 ...
... Optimization procedures were applied to the models in order to produce the optimal prediction model, which relied on the method of splitting the data (using some of the data as a training set to predict the HTT CAG repeat lengths for the remaining samples that comprised the other set) (Lee et al. 20 ...
The Topology of the Possible
... how it influences their capacity to vary. Rather, evolving entities are treated as blackboxes whose variation or “innovation” is generated by some stochastic process with simple characteristics in an isotropic phenotype space, typically motivated by the need for mathematical tractability. The questi ...
... how it influences their capacity to vary. Rather, evolving entities are treated as blackboxes whose variation or “innovation” is generated by some stochastic process with simple characteristics in an isotropic phenotype space, typically motivated by the need for mathematical tractability. The questi ...
Localization of Three Genes in the Hook
... splicing of some genes and pre-mRNAs are associated [69]. Another recently identified type of structure within the nucleus with which DNA is associated is represented by the 300- 1000 discrete areas within the nucleus where DNA replication takes place, termed "replication foci" [10-12]. These domain ...
... splicing of some genes and pre-mRNAs are associated [69]. Another recently identified type of structure within the nucleus with which DNA is associated is represented by the 300- 1000 discrete areas within the nucleus where DNA replication takes place, termed "replication foci" [10-12]. These domain ...
Virus-mediated reprogramming of gene expression in plants John A
... Among the genes now known to be involved in PTGS-like activities are genes encoding proteins with similarities to an RdRP ([18•,19], a RecQ Q-like DNA helicase [20] and an RNaseD-like protein [21••]. It has been proposed that the RNAs that initiate PTGS responses in plants are in some way ‘aberrant’ ...
... Among the genes now known to be involved in PTGS-like activities are genes encoding proteins with similarities to an RdRP ([18•,19], a RecQ Q-like DNA helicase [20] and an RNaseD-like protein [21••]. It has been proposed that the RNAs that initiate PTGS responses in plants are in some way ‘aberrant’ ...
chromosomes_nice
... Each chromosome contains one molecule of DNA for the first half or so of interphase, then the DNA replicates, and the two DNA molecules remain together (as sister-chromatids) in the same chromosome for the rest of interphase. This does not happen in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have more than ...
... Each chromosome contains one molecule of DNA for the first half or so of interphase, then the DNA replicates, and the two DNA molecules remain together (as sister-chromatids) in the same chromosome for the rest of interphase. This does not happen in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have more than ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... – AraC controls its own synthesis by binding to araO1 and prevents leftward transcription of the araC gene ...
... – AraC controls its own synthesis by binding to araO1 and prevents leftward transcription of the araC gene ...
Gene Regulation
... • Among the 55 modules bound by ER, 44% were indeed selected for their ER-binding sites and among the 433 modules bound by E2F4, 54% were selected for that factor. • In addition to false positive ChIP-chip signals or the failure of the algorithm to detect some binding sites, it is likely that bindin ...
... • Among the 55 modules bound by ER, 44% were indeed selected for their ER-binding sites and among the 433 modules bound by E2F4, 54% were selected for that factor. • In addition to false positive ChIP-chip signals or the failure of the algorithm to detect some binding sites, it is likely that bindin ...
Genetics and Biotechnology
... DNA Tools An organism’s genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell. DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome. ...
... DNA Tools An organism’s genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell. DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome. ...
The DNA chromatin condensation expressed by the image optical
... central and peripheral regions might be related to different gene expression and cell differentiation (Gregoryev et al. 2006, Finlan et al. 2008, Kumaran and Spector 2008). On the other hand, the heterochromatin DNA IOD, i.e. the condensation state, was not compared with that in mitotic chromosomes ...
... central and peripheral regions might be related to different gene expression and cell differentiation (Gregoryev et al. 2006, Finlan et al. 2008, Kumaran and Spector 2008). On the other hand, the heterochromatin DNA IOD, i.e. the condensation state, was not compared with that in mitotic chromosomes ...
CHAPTER 15 Non-Mendelian Inheritance
... preexisting mitochondria (Luck, 1963). Some of their genetic information is in the mitochondrial chromosome, the rest in the nuclear DNA. a. The mtDNA map (Figure 15.3) contains information for: i. tRNAs. ii. rRNAs. iii. Some polypeptide subunits of cytochrome oxidase, NADHdehydrogenase, and ATPase. ...
... preexisting mitochondria (Luck, 1963). Some of their genetic information is in the mitochondrial chromosome, the rest in the nuclear DNA. a. The mtDNA map (Figure 15.3) contains information for: i. tRNAs. ii. rRNAs. iii. Some polypeptide subunits of cytochrome oxidase, NADHdehydrogenase, and ATPase. ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.