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Genetic Disorders as Models for Evolution
Genetic Disorders as Models for Evolution

... f) The sickle-cell gene would eventually disappear, since there would no longer be any advantage in being a carrier. However, this would take a number of generations. [1] g) The mosquito that carriers the disorder is being controlled. Also, many North American Blacks may have migrated to areas where ...
Name
Name

... DNA. When mitochondrial DNA from around the world was analyzed, by far the most diversity was found only in Africa-- 3 of the 4 major lineages. All other areas were more or less related to one of the lineages, spreading outward from their common origin. ...
Evolution of Populations
Evolution of Populations

... Disruptive Selection is a form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two! This occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle resulting in a population splitting into two sub groups. ...
3000_2013_2b
3000_2013_2b

... they may interact to show dominance or epistasis, respectively.” – Hill et al. (2008) PLOS Genetics, showing that additive genetic variance comprises the largest component of genetic variance that contributes to phenotype, much more than gene interactions or allelic interactions ...
slides - Dorman external link
slides - Dorman external link

... While the Markov chain can provide us with many useful results about this process we are modeling it fails to give us a closed form solution for the distribution of future allele frequencies. In fact, there is no known solution to this complete specification of the process. Instead, we must rely on ...
Ch 9
Ch 9

File - Biology with Radjewski
File - Biology with Radjewski

... of Ldh in this newly founded population? Allele frequency of A = 10/20 = 0.5 = p Allele frequency of a = 10/20 = 0.5 = q AA Genotype frequency = 4/10 = 0.4 = P2 Aa Genotype frequency = 2/10 = 0.2 = 2pq aa Genotype frequency = 4/10 = 0.4 = q2 ...
Name: Period: ____ Date: ______ Population Genetics and
Name: Period: ____ Date: ______ Population Genetics and

... the intermediate phenotypes increase. This form of selection is called _______________________ ___________________________. 35. Evolution that occurs at the genetic level is called ____________________________. 36. The _______________________ _______________________ is determined by dividing the num ...
013368718X_CH11_159
013368718X_CH11_159

... Fertilization is the process in which reproductive cells (egg from the female and sperm from the male) join to produce a new cell. A trait is a specific characteristic, such as (in peas) seed color or plant height. Mendel prevented self-pollination in the peas. He controlled fertilization so he coul ...
L111 Exam II, FRIDAY, October 14, Fall Semester of 2005
L111 Exam II, FRIDAY, October 14, Fall Semester of 2005

... 5] The exam consists of 27 questions each question is worth 4 points. 6] Questions number 26 and 27 are BONUS questions. If you answer them correctly, each is worth the equivalent of 1 regular question. If you answer them incorrectly, they will not be counted at all. 7] Exams must be turned in by 9: ...
The Human Genome
The Human Genome

... circadian rhythm problems • Death due to health complications in 15-20 yrs ...
11.1 Mendel and the Garden Pea 11.1 Mendel and the
11.1 Mendel and the Garden Pea 11.1 Mendel and the

... #23 pair are the sex chromosomes females are designated XX while males are designated XY the genes on the Y chromosome determine “maleness” Sometimes er rors occur during meiosis Nondisjunction: failure of chromosome to separate during meiosis I or meiosis II leads to aneuploidy: abnl chromosome # m ...
Class Agenda Week of 8-13 Oct 2007
Class Agenda Week of 8-13 Oct 2007

... 16th president had the defective gene would require that his DNA be taken from historical artifacts and tested, an issue that has been debated over the years. The new findings on the ataxia gene were reported this week in the online edition of the journal Nature Genetics. Since 1992, the Minnesota r ...
most - Salamander Genome Project
most - Salamander Genome Project

... The difference in heterozygosity is a measure of the inbreeding coefficient of a taxon. Computer projections show inbreeding depression adversely affects extinction risk even when all other factors are operating. ...
Quantitative Genetics of Natural Variation: some questions
Quantitative Genetics of Natural Variation: some questions

... If LD is detectable, indicates that an allele is young. Expect magnitude of LD is proportional to the age of an allele. If LD is not detectable, indicates that an allele is old. Expect old and frequent alleles, or old and rare alleles, But do not expect young, high frequency alleles. Indicates allel ...
notes chap. 9 : genetics - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
notes chap. 9 : genetics - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

... 4. Test Cross – used to determine the genotype of a dominant phenotype. In mice red eyes are recessive to blue. A mouse has blue eyes and you want to know if red eyes “run in the family line”, how can you determine this ? --- Perform a test cross – cross the mouse with a homozygous recessive (one w ...
Ch. 23 - ltcconline.net
Ch. 23 - ltcconline.net

... A. Populations are units of evolution 1. population 2. smallest unit 3. evolution 4. individuals do not evolve 5. blending hypothesis B. Genetic Variation 1. some variation is not heritable 2. Phenotype 3. Variation within a population a. avg. heterozygosity 4. Variation between populations 5. Sourc ...
CHAPTER 25
CHAPTER 25

... This may make it more difficult for the species to respond in a positive way to changes in the environment. Species that are approaching extinction also face a bottleneck as their numbers decrease. The loss of genetic diversity may make it even more difficult for the species to rebound. C21. Answer: ...
1 - Moodle
1 - Moodle

... only found in water between 1 and 5 meters deep. One m2 of this sea floor yields adult clams at the rate of 5 clams per day. There are 120,000 m2 of water this depth on Andy's Walrus Refuge. How many walruses can this refuge support? ...
CHAPTER 25
CHAPTER 25

... Answer: Inbreeding increasing the likelihood of homozygosity, and therefore tends to increase the likelihood that an individual will exhibit a recessive trait. This occurs because an individual can inherit both copies of the same allele from a common ancestor. FIGURE 25.21 Concept check: What are tw ...
Genetics II: Mendelian Genetics
Genetics II: Mendelian Genetics

... thumb, thumb fold right. ...
Practice the genetic problems!!! Gamete formation was in the last lab
Practice the genetic problems!!! Gamete formation was in the last lab

Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: A gene pool is all of the genes
Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: A gene pool is all of the genes

... make it more difficult for the species to respond in a positive way to changes in the environment. Species that are approaching extinction also face a bottleneck as their numbers decrease. The loss of genetic diversity may make it even more difficult for the species to rebound. C21. Answer: When two ...
Intro to Genetics
Intro to Genetics

... information for a trait from each parent. Hybrid – receives different genetic information for a trait from each parent. ...
19-Evolution-of
19-Evolution-of

... Genetic Drift - Bottle neck effect northern elephant seals of the coast of Mexico During the 1890’s, their population was reduced due to hunting to about 20 individuals. (It is also likely that one male would have fathered the offspring of the entire group.) ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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