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October 25, 2012
October 25, 2012

... c) A pea plant with round seeds has the genotype Rr. You cross this plant with a wrinkled-seed plant, genotype rr. What is the probability that the offspring will have wrinkled seeds? 50%; Punnett square should show two Rr and two rr possibilities. 2. a) Define genotype and phenotype. Genotype: an o ...
alleles
alleles

... In our studies of modern-day genetics, we know that cells contain units of heredity known as genes on chromosomes. Different genes influence different characteristics. For example in pea plants, one gene may determine seed colour, while another determines stem length. In humans, genes determine char ...
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity - Zion Central Middle School
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity - Zion Central Middle School

Darwin`s Theory of Evolution
Darwin`s Theory of Evolution

... Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutations could each result in microevolution, but only by chance could these events improve a population’s fit to its environment Natural selection is a blend of o Chance o And sorting Because of this sorting, only natural selection consistently leads to adaptive evolu ...
populations_lecture
populations_lecture

... chance as a result of non-random carry-over (sampling error) from generation to generation. - leads to: loss of alleles, increased homozygosity, population differentiation (if no migration/gene flow between populations). Drift can increase in small populations due to: fragmentation, bottleneck = eve ...
Natural selection
Natural selection

... not the same as, species on the mainland of South America. He also realized that species varied from island to island. • This variation due to isolation from mainland and changes that occurred • He wondered what the mechanism for this change was – transmission of ...
Mendel Discovers “Genes” 9-1
Mendel Discovers “Genes” 9-1

... parent and an allele for the color white white parent. from their ______ The F1 plants ALL _____________ look PURPLE carrying an but are ___________ allele for ______. white ...
Name______________________________________
Name______________________________________

... homozygous ...
Punnett Squares - webersciencewiki
Punnett Squares - webersciencewiki

... Heredity is the process in which traits (characteristics that can be passed only from a living thing to its young) are passed from parents to offspring. A Punnett square is a grid system that can be set up and used to predict the possible outcomes that may result from the mating process between two ...
File
File

... Genetic drift causes allele frequencies to fluctuate randomly each generation. However, if the frequency of an allele ever reaches zero, it is permanently eliminated from the population. The other allele, whose frequency is now 1.0, is “fixed”, which means that all individuals in the ...
RW - My CCSD
RW - My CCSD

... produce new hybrids.  He crossed tall plants with short ones and the offspring (F1) were all tall.  Then he allowed the hybrids to self pollinate and got 3 tall and 1 short offspring (F2) ...
Section 11-1: The Work of Gregor Mendel
Section 11-1: The Work of Gregor Mendel

Chapter 14—Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14—Mendel and the Gene Idea

...  Predict the occurrence of a trait in future generations. This type of analysis is important to geneticists and physician, especially when the trait being analyzed can lead to a disabling or lethal disorder. ...
test cross
test cross

... For traits we have studies so far, the dominant allele codes for  something, but the  recessive does not.   In rabbits:  B codes for "make brown pigment" but  b codes for "I don't know how to make that" or  "absence of brown pigment" If a rabbit is a heterozygous (Bb), that rabbit  has one set of in ...
Agenda 06/12/06 1. Notes - Genetics 2. Practice Problems 3
Agenda 06/12/06 1. Notes - Genetics 2. Practice Problems 3

H-W equilforces
H-W equilforces

... populations are small. If the reproductive population only contains a few individuals it is not surprising that chance is a major factor. For example if we closed our eyes and counted out 10 jelly beans from a bowl that contained an even mix of white and black beans, we would not be surprised if we ...
Standard Lab: Penny Traits
Standard Lab: Penny Traits

... Standard Lab: Penny Traits ...
Chapter 16: Evolution of Populations
Chapter 16: Evolution of Populations

... Beak Size ...
7.5 Population Genetics
7.5 Population Genetics

... over the generations – In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of each allele in the gene pool will remain constant unless acted upon by other agents – A population in equilibrium over time is NOT evolving… ...
heredity
heredity

... • Describe the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits. (SPI 0707.4.3) • Interpret a Punnett square to predict possible genetic combinations passed from parents to offspring during sexual reproduction. (SPI0707.4.4) ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

... Something to keep in mind as we begin our discussion on genetics… • Your traits are a combination of your genetic material (DNA) and the environment around you. • For Example: Why are people from poor countries often short?  Malnutrition • Because of this… • The physical appearance of an individual ...
genetic study guide/quiz
genetic study guide/quiz

... 14. Huntington’s is inherited on ________________ chromosomes and is characterized as a __________ disorder, the only one of this type. 15. A woman heterozygous for Huntington’s marries a normal man. What percentage of their children have the disorder? 16. Hemophilia and colorblindness are _________ ...
Beef Cattle Terminology - Canadian Hereford Association
Beef Cattle Terminology - Canadian Hereford Association

... Purebred - A beef animal whose parents are of the same breed and are recorded with the registry association. Recessive Gene - Recessive genes affect the phenotype only when present in a homozygous condition. Recessive genes must be received from both parents before the phenotype caused by the recess ...
FundamentalsofGeneticsNotes
FundamentalsofGeneticsNotes

... Fundamentals of Genetics ...
Concepts in Biology, First Edition Sylvia Mader
Concepts in Biology, First Edition Sylvia Mader

...  Each individual has two factors for each trait  The factors segregate (separate) during the formation of the gametes  Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair of factors  Fertilization gives each new individual two factors for each trait ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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