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notes - Elko Science
notes - Elko Science

... 1. In each organism, a trait (for example pigment/color) is composed of two alternative states (for example, yellow or green). These alternative states are called alleles. 2. Only one of the alleles is passed on to the offspring. Since an offspring gets an allele from each parent, it Gregor Mendel a ...
In humans, hemophilia is an X
In humans, hemophilia is an X

... It is particularly easy to spot recessive defects in genes located on the X-chromosome because the genes are expressed more commonly in males than in females. What is the reason for this? Recall that males have one X-chromosome. Thus all X-linked genes are expressed in males, even if they are recess ...
Extension of Mendelian Genetics
Extension of Mendelian Genetics

... cause the death of an organism – Resulting mutations in essential genes – Inherited in a recessive manner ...
18.5
18.5

Ch8IntrotoGenetics
Ch8IntrotoGenetics

...  some alleles are dominant, some are recessive  DOMINANT ALLELE: form of trait that will ...
Purposeful Population Genetics
Purposeful Population Genetics

... earthquakes, fires etc reducing the population size dramatically • -the new population may not represent the original gene pool – some alleles may be eliminated totally. • b. Founder effect: occurs when a few individuals from a larger population colonize an isolated island, lake or other new habitat ...
Punnett Squares PPT
Punnett Squares PPT

... exist (IA, IB, and i), which results in four different possible blood types 3. Hair Color – Too many alleles exist to count ...
Ch 23
Ch 23

... 1. Explain the statement “It is the population, not the individual, that evolves.” 2. Explain how Mendel’s particulate hypothesis of inheritance provided necessary support for Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 3. Explain how quantitative and discrete characters contribute to variati ...
CHAPTER 23
CHAPTER 23

... 1. Explain the statement “It is the population, not the individual, that evolves.” 2. Explain how Mendel’s particulate hypothesis of inheritance provided necessary support for Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 3. Explain how quantitative and discrete characters contribute to variati ...
Genetic Selection Program
Genetic Selection Program

... Ogata, H. Y., Oku, H., Murai, T., 2002. Growth performance and macronutrient retention of offspring from wild and selected red sea bream (Pagrus major). Aquaculture 206, 279–287. Wetten, M., Aasmundstad, T., Kjøglum, S., Storset, A., 2007. Genetic analysis of resistance to infectious pancreatic necr ...
Print Name: UNR I.D. Number: BIOL 191 SPRING 2005 Midterm 1
Print Name: UNR I.D. Number: BIOL 191 SPRING 2005 Midterm 1

... this latter statement but it could compensate partially for a poor definition (up to 2 points). ...
Revisedchapter12
Revisedchapter12

Genetic Inheritance
Genetic Inheritance

... ...
Mendel`s Law of Segregation states that a diploid organism passes
Mendel`s Law of Segregation states that a diploid organism passes

... When gametes are formed, each allele of one parent segregates randomly into the gametes, such that half of the parent's gametes carry each allele. ...
learning objectives
learning objectives

... 1. Explain the statement “It is the population, not the individual, that evolves.” 2. Explain how Mendel’s particulate hypothesis of inheritance provided necessary support for Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 3. Explain how quantitative and discrete characters contribute to variati ...
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Center for Statistical Genetics
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Center for Statistical Genetics

... Systematic errors in genotyping, Unexpected population structure, Presence of homologous regions in the genome, Association with trait in case-control studies. ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

Genetics 1 - MaxSkyFan
Genetics 1 - MaxSkyFan

... How many different genes are shown at ...
Human Inheritance
Human Inheritance

... Genetic Disorders are caused by defective genes. Defective genes arise from mutations in DNA. ...
ORIGIN OF GENETICS
ORIGIN OF GENETICS

... READ the word problem. Underline the parent’s phenotype. Determine the parent’s genotype Put one parent’s genotype on the top of the Punnett and other parent’s genotype down the left side. Pull letters down into the boxes to show possible genotype combinations of offspring. Determine the offspring p ...
NAME: DATE: BLOCK: Hardy Weinberg Practice Problems p2 + 2pq
NAME: DATE: BLOCK: Hardy Weinberg Practice Problems p2 + 2pq

... And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Given this simple information, which is something that is very likely to be on an exam, calculate the following: A. The percentage of butterflies in the population that are heterozygous. B. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals. 5. After graduation, ...
X-Linked
X-Linked

... autosomal dominant disorders with no abnormal clinical features Probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors Need to be taken into account when interpret family history information for autosomal dominant disorders ...
chapter10
chapter10

... X-linked genes have an unusual pattern of inheritance. Males are neither homozygous nor heterozygous for X-linked genes. They are called ...
Y-Linked Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Autosomal Dominant
Y-Linked Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Autosomal Dominant

... autosomal dominant disorders with no abnormal clinical features Probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors Need to be taken into account when interpret family history information for autosomal dominant disorders ...
SBI3C1: Genetics Test Review Part 1: Meiosis 1. Define the
SBI3C1: Genetics Test Review Part 1: Meiosis 1. Define the

... 8. What are the sex chromosomes? What are the combinations for a male? Female? 9. Why are sex-linked traits associated with the X chromosome and not the Y? 10. Complete dominance problems: a. A heterozygous, smooth pea pod, plant is crossed with a wrinkled pea pod plant. There are two alleles for pe ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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