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Building Performance in the Taiwan Earthquake
Building Performance in the Taiwan Earthquake

... County and the City of Taipei. With the qualification of our team having two members who were in fact chairs of subcommittees of the Structural Engineers Association of Southern California, we were impressed with the knowledge and ability of the professionals we met. It is obvious that there are man ...
High-Rise Buildings
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... reduce mass of a structure, thus decreasing the impact of an earthquake on a building. COST EFFECTIVE: It reduces operating cost by 30% to 40%. It also reduces overall construction cost by 2.5% as it requires less jointing and reduces need for cement and steel. FASTER CONSTRUCTION: It reduces constr ...
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automatic construction quantity calculation system
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... proposed system reduces the errors produced by manual input, increases the accuracy of calculated quantities, and reduces the calculation time. A comparison of the manually calculated quantities and those calculated by the proposed system confirms the accuracy of the proposed system. ...
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... The two major components of concrete are a cement paste and inert materials. The cement paste consists of Portland cement, water, and some air. The inert materials are usually composed of fine aggregate, which is a material such as sand, and coarse aggregate (as gravel, crushed stone, or slag). Unde ...
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... Basilica of Maxentius, also known as Basilica of Constantin, is the pearl of Roman engineering work. At the time of construction, it was not only the largest structure to be built and but also very unique since it took both aspects from Roman baths as well as typical Roman basilicas. The Basilica wa ...
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The Building Arts
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... southern areas of Syria, thanks to the availability of basalt, which is used in roofing. This construction type is unique in the area and this technique has reached a sophisticated level, clearly observable in the major monuments in Bosra, Shabaa and other areas. The basalt rocks are cut to the righ ...
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ancient solutions for future sustainability: building with adobe

... materials sucb as adobe (sun dried mud brick), rammed earth, and compressed earth block, are especially weil suited for sustainable construction. Not only do they reduce the use of scarce and energy intensive products such as lumber and cement in construction; they also possess optimal thennal stora ...
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Traditional Translations - Association of Collegiate Schools of

... earth and grass. The roof is typically finished with a final layer of waterproof clay. The project leader, Jonathan Rose, emphasizes the influence that the region’s monasteries had on Arup’s design of the school: “We have learned to abandon many of the construction details we devised in London and h ...
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Projects Doxiadis Office Building Doxiadis Associates employed

... September 1958. By December of the same year, the building was complete in every respect. Four architects, eight civil engineers, two mechanical and electrical engineers and a large number of the firm's technical staff worked on the project. The basic idea in the conception of the building was to cr ...
Seismic Rehabilitation Study in Turkey for Existing
Seismic Rehabilitation Study in Turkey for Existing

... Abstract: Earthen architecture shows diversity according to cultural and geographical environment. Earthen masonry building and hımış (hımısh) are the main types of earthen architecture in Turkey. A hımış building is a wood-framed structure filled with earthen blocks; an earthen building is a load-b ...
The World of Construction
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Construction Technology
Construction Technology

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Earthbag construction

Earthbag construction is an inexpensive method to create structures which are both strong and can be quickly built. It is a natural building technique that evolved from historic military bunker construction techniques and temporary flood-control dike building methods. The technique requires very basic construction materials: sturdy sacks, filled with inorganic material usually available on site. Standard earthbag fill material has internal stability. Either moist subsoil that contains enough clay to become cohesive when tamped, or an angular gravel or crushed volcanic rock is used. (Sandbag structures with sand fills are an alternative technology and require very different construction details). Walls are gradually built up by laying the bags in courses — forming a staggered pattern similar to bricklaying.The walls can be curved or straight, domed with earth or topped with conventional roofs. Curved walls provide good lateral stability, forming round rooms and/ or domed ceilings like an igloo. Buildings with straight walls longer than 5 m (16.4 ft) in length need either intersecting walls or bracing buttresses or piers added. International standards exist for bracing wall size and spacing for earthen construction in different types of seismic risk areas, most notably the performance-based standards of New Zealand recommended by the ASTM International in their Standard Guide for Design of Earthen Wall Building Systems E2392 / E2392M – 10e1). Until more complete structural testing is available to correlate earthbag bracing need and performance to adobe, cement-stabilized buttresses and mortar anchors to hold barbed wire at stress points can be used for public buildings in high seismic risk areas.To improve both friction between each row of bags and finished wall tensile strength barbed wire is often placed between the courses. Twine is also sometimes wrapped around the bags to tie one course to the next, serving to hold the in-progress structure together and add strength. Rebar can easily be hammered into walls to strengthen corners and opening edges and provide more resistance against overturning. The structure is typically finished with plaster, stucco or adobe both to shed water and to prevent any degradation from solar radiation. This construction technique can be used for emergency shelters, temporary or permanent housing and barns. It is frequently chosen for many small-to-medium-sized institutional structures in the developing world.
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