• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Pioneer DC Engineering
Pioneer DC Engineering

... This report has been prepared using the same level of competency for professional structural engineering services presently maintained by other practicing professional consultants performing similar work in the region. This report has been prepared to meet the needs of the Salmon School District and ...
Building Archaeology of the Secular Architecture of the 10th – 11th
Building Archaeology of the Secular Architecture of the 10th – 11th

... Remains (elements) of previous buildings filled with soil used as foundations of a new building. ...
BLOCK HCPM.101 CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND MATERIALS
BLOCK HCPM.101 CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND MATERIALS

... also continued. Flat roofs were of timber or concrete, felt or asphalt-covered, with parapet walls to the edges, and an example is shown in Plate 5. Apart from the roof, the rest of the construction and fittings was identical to that of the pitched roof dwellings built in this period but many mainte ...
Full text PDF
Full text PDF

... they shrink and swell constantly with their changing water content. Their strength also fluctuates with their water content: the higher the water content, the lower the strength. A mixture of mud and straw is pressed into a mold to form an adobe brick. After the adobe brick is removed from the mold, ...
Desert Castles of Ancient Khorezm
Desert Castles of Ancient Khorezm

... Rectangular form of the fortress (200х170 m.) is focused on the sides of the world. Unlike of all other fortresses of Khorezm, Djanbas-Qala differs by the absence of towers. The gate is located from the northwest part and protected by the rectangular front gate construction with the length of 65,2 m ...
Early cavity walls
Early cavity walls

... moisture readily with the indoor and outdoor environment. Where insulation is introduced it is important for the durability and long-term performance of the building that this ‘breathability’ is taken into consideration. Materials used in repair and maintenance must be selected with care. Modern imp ...
Thermal Properties of Log Homes
Thermal Properties of Log Homes

... • the window/door–to-wall log interfaces • the log-corner interface. It is very important to pay attention to these structural details during design and construction, as they make a large difference in overall energy efficiency of a log structure. It was shown that gasketed walls with tightened thro ...
Maintenance and Repair of Older Buildings in
Maintenance and Repair of Older Buildings in

... cleaning can potentially lead to far more serious problems, both in the extent of damage and the cost of repairs. And in the case of historic buildings, there is the added risk of a permanent loss of integrity in the historic fabric of the place. A number of observations should be kept in mind when ...
building materials in south building materials in south
building materials in south building materials in south

... disadvantages, however, were that the blocks were relatively heavy, and building construction required a certain amount of masonry skills. Furthermore, the mortar joints consumed a considerable amount of cement and construction time was relatively long. (Steve 98) ...
Issues paper for the IHBC 30 January 2017
Issues paper for the IHBC 30 January 2017

... IHBC, English Heritage, SPAB and others and others then successfully argued the case for special consideration of all older traditional and breathable buildings. Our aim then, and now, was and continues to be to ensure that older buildings are part of the solution to climate change challenges, with ...
Maintenance and repair of older buildings in South Australia
Maintenance and repair of older buildings in South Australia

... cleaning can potentially lead to far more serious problems, both in the extent of damage and the cost of repairs. And in the case of historic buildings, there is the added risk of a permanent loss of integrity in the historic fabric of the place. A number of observations should be kept in mind when ...
building materials
building materials

... disadvantages, however, were that the blocks were relatively heavy, and building construction required a certain amount of masonry skills. Furthermore, the mortar joints consumed a considerable amount of cement and construction time was relatively long. (Steve 98) ...
Glue laminated timber – The material application for free
Glue laminated timber – The material application for free

... is interesting to note that R30 and R60 can be obtained on glulam components without the need for additional flameretardant treatments. In structures where steel is used for connecting glulam elements the performance of the steel in fire has to be taken into account and the connection methodology re ...
chapter 12: conversion and refurbishment
chapter 12: conversion and refurbishment

... Areas which have not been inspected should be clearly identified to enable a subsequent ...
Ronan Point Apartment Tower Collapse and its Effect on Building
Ronan Point Apartment Tower Collapse and its Effect on Building

... tested. Results indicated that these objects had been exposed to pressures of less than 70 kPa (10 psi). The Building Research Station and Imperial College of Lon­ don performed an extensive battery of tests to discover how much internal force Ronan Point could withstand. The results indicated that ...
Reconsidering the Approach towards Determining Overall Building
Reconsidering the Approach towards Determining Overall Building

... all cases, these walls are sheathed with gypsum board on both the interior and exterior and insulated in one of three ways: (1) stud cavity insulation only, (2) combination of stud cavity insulation and continuous exterior insulation, or (3) empty stud cavity and only continuous exterior insulation. ...
article - Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and
article - Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and

... Awareness of the used of compatible and sustainable material in historical building conservation has resulted in the rebirth of lime technology and application. Then again, the knowledge of the preparation and procedure influencing the final quality of lime is still limited and disagreement regardin ...
Campus Design Guidelines - Tecumseh Business and Technology
Campus Design Guidelines - Tecumseh Business and Technology

... (LEED) standards as a basis for its recommendations, the Guidelines are focused on sustainable development and the construction of buildings that will meet the standards for LEED certification. While adhering to these standards will contribute to the design quality, environmental impact, and overall ...
The facade system with ventilated channels for thermal insulation of
The facade system with ventilated channels for thermal insulation of

... high prefabrication system, suitable for thermal insulation of building walls in both newly constructed and renovated buildings. Such a facade system with ventilated panels was developed. The new facade system (see Fig. 1) is based on heat-insulating panels admitting their line production at factori ...
Architectural Styles Survey in Palestinian Territories
Architectural Styles Survey in Palestinian Territories

... a refugee camps, but all cities, villages, and refugee camps have a common elements and components forming an urban fabric. Downtowns and neighborhoods are the two main types of development for urban areas; others may include educational institutions, industrial areas or individual buildings. Downto ...
Guideline for Seismic Upgrading of Building Structures
Guideline for Seismic Upgrading of Building Structures

... Precast assembly-type structures have not performed well in recent earthquakes as a result of connection failures and relative movements at the joints between the precast elements. One remedy is to strengthen and stiffen the ties. Chords/Collectors. A chord is a continuous member placed along the ou ...
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

... Though less economic, non-load bearing constructions are more common. The walls are constructed in the same way as load- bearing walls, but merely serve as infills between the reinforced concrete frame (post and beam) structure, which supports the roof. Care must be taken to achieve a good bond betw ...
Resistance of buildings during an earthquake
Resistance of buildings during an earthquake

... earthquake specificities and on seismic design over the past 40-50 years with the birth of new technologies and the unceasing inspections and studies from the past earthquakes to evolve towards a quake-proof construction world. To get more specific, internet (articles, online courses of some univers ...
14 How Buildings Twist During Earthquakes?
14 How Buildings Twist During Earthquakes?

... against overturning. As the urban land is becoming more scarce and expensive, there is a trend to design slender buildings, which although not necessarily very high, may have a large height / depth ratio. This trend is clearly apparent in downtown Tokyo, where multistoried buildings were built on si ...
Developing a new combined structural roofing system of domes and
Developing a new combined structural roofing system of domes and

... opportunity it affords for a modern day wall raising. While it is not favoured due to the constraints that limits the openings for windows and doors so as not to exceed 50% of the wall surface area in any wall. Also the maximum unsupported (un-braced) wall length is 6m (20 ft) [1]. ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >

Earthbag construction

Earthbag construction is an inexpensive method to create structures which are both strong and can be quickly built. It is a natural building technique that evolved from historic military bunker construction techniques and temporary flood-control dike building methods. The technique requires very basic construction materials: sturdy sacks, filled with inorganic material usually available on site. Standard earthbag fill material has internal stability. Either moist subsoil that contains enough clay to become cohesive when tamped, or an angular gravel or crushed volcanic rock is used. (Sandbag structures with sand fills are an alternative technology and require very different construction details). Walls are gradually built up by laying the bags in courses — forming a staggered pattern similar to bricklaying.The walls can be curved or straight, domed with earth or topped with conventional roofs. Curved walls provide good lateral stability, forming round rooms and/ or domed ceilings like an igloo. Buildings with straight walls longer than 5 m (16.4 ft) in length need either intersecting walls or bracing buttresses or piers added. International standards exist for bracing wall size and spacing for earthen construction in different types of seismic risk areas, most notably the performance-based standards of New Zealand recommended by the ASTM International in their Standard Guide for Design of Earthen Wall Building Systems E2392 / E2392M – 10e1). Until more complete structural testing is available to correlate earthbag bracing need and performance to adobe, cement-stabilized buttresses and mortar anchors to hold barbed wire at stress points can be used for public buildings in high seismic risk areas.To improve both friction between each row of bags and finished wall tensile strength barbed wire is often placed between the courses. Twine is also sometimes wrapped around the bags to tie one course to the next, serving to hold the in-progress structure together and add strength. Rebar can easily be hammered into walls to strengthen corners and opening edges and provide more resistance against overturning. The structure is typically finished with plaster, stucco or adobe both to shed water and to prevent any degradation from solar radiation. This construction technique can be used for emergency shelters, temporary or permanent housing and barns. It is frequently chosen for many small-to-medium-sized institutional structures in the developing world.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report