HONORS BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2016
... 9. Describe the human activities that may be contributing to changes in atmospheric CO2 levels. Describe the effect that increasing CO2 levels may have on the environment. 10. Describe and explain changes that could be made to make the Greenwich High School campus more environmentally friendly. 11. ...
... 9. Describe the human activities that may be contributing to changes in atmospheric CO2 levels. Describe the effect that increasing CO2 levels may have on the environment. 10. Describe and explain changes that could be made to make the Greenwich High School campus more environmentally friendly. 11. ...
Datasheet for T4 RNA Ligase 1 (ssRNA Ligase), High Concentration
... • Inter- and intramolecular joining of RNA and DNA molecules (4,5) • Synthesis of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides (6) • Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins (7) Supplied in: 50 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT and 50% glycerol. Reagents Supplied with E ...
... • Inter- and intramolecular joining of RNA and DNA molecules (4,5) • Synthesis of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides (6) • Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins (7) Supplied in: 50 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT and 50% glycerol. Reagents Supplied with E ...
Лекция 2. Структура и функция белка
... Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in living cells, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds may be found in a single cell. Moreover, proteins exhibit great diversity in their biological function. Their central role ...
... Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in living cells, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds may be found in a single cell. Moreover, proteins exhibit great diversity in their biological function. Their central role ...
Metabolism: Introduction
... metabolism of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate, fatty acids, and amino acids acetyl oxidized to CO2 operates under aerobic conditions reduction of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD; energy used to produce ATP ...
... metabolism of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate, fatty acids, and amino acids acetyl oxidized to CO2 operates under aerobic conditions reduction of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD; energy used to produce ATP ...
WP4 - Hamish Collin
... There is evidence in the literature that some purified cysteine synthase type enzymes are multifunctional and amongst other reactions can take allyl thiol and attach it to an amino acid skeleton to make Allyl cysteine Some other ß-substituted alanines (secondary plant products such as mimosine) are ...
... There is evidence in the literature that some purified cysteine synthase type enzymes are multifunctional and amongst other reactions can take allyl thiol and attach it to an amino acid skeleton to make Allyl cysteine Some other ß-substituted alanines (secondary plant products such as mimosine) are ...
Novel DNA Polymerase Increases Efficiency of Multiple PCR
... displacement activity, but only SD polymerase was able to carry out the amplification with the predenaturation step. Next, Ignatov and colleagues synthesized a 135-bp artificial DNA template containing a hairpin structure with 30 complementary base pairs, and compared SD and Taq DNA polymerase effic ...
... displacement activity, but only SD polymerase was able to carry out the amplification with the predenaturation step. Next, Ignatov and colleagues synthesized a 135-bp artificial DNA template containing a hairpin structure with 30 complementary base pairs, and compared SD and Taq DNA polymerase effic ...
Polypeptide and protein structure
... Consists of three polypeptide chains wrapped around each other in a ropelike twist, or triple helix Has a repeating sequence of the amino acids; X1—X2(Pro, ProOH)—Gly Hydroxy-lysine also occurs in collagen The triple helix (tropocollagen) is 300 nm long and 1.5 nm in diameter Held together ...
... Consists of three polypeptide chains wrapped around each other in a ropelike twist, or triple helix Has a repeating sequence of the amino acids; X1—X2(Pro, ProOH)—Gly Hydroxy-lysine also occurs in collagen The triple helix (tropocollagen) is 300 nm long and 1.5 nm in diameter Held together ...
Importance of Amino Acid Side Groups for Biologic
... Both urea and araininle in high concentrations inhibit the oxytocic activity of angiotensin almost completely. The inhibition is reversible. We have suggested that the reagents are changing the conformation of angiotensin and thereby reducing its biologic activity. From these data, it appears that b ...
... Both urea and araininle in high concentrations inhibit the oxytocic activity of angiotensin almost completely. The inhibition is reversible. We have suggested that the reagents are changing the conformation of angiotensin and thereby reducing its biologic activity. From these data, it appears that b ...
Differential mRNA expression levels and gene sequences of a
... survived a malathion screen carried the allele for glycine, while those wasps that died did not have the allele for glycine. At position 1122 (Fig. 1), an adenine in the susceptible strain is substituted by a guanine in the resistant strain. This nucleotide difference does not lead to a change in th ...
... survived a malathion screen carried the allele for glycine, while those wasps that died did not have the allele for glycine. At position 1122 (Fig. 1), an adenine in the susceptible strain is substituted by a guanine in the resistant strain. This nucleotide difference does not lead to a change in th ...
Molecular architecture of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... unpublished work) as well as a complex formed between E3 and two molecules of E3BP-didomain (consisting of the LD and SBD; Figure 1C). Further contributing factors could be differences in buffer composition and/or the effects of crystal packing. Indeed, the solution conformations of other proteins, ...
... unpublished work) as well as a complex formed between E3 and two molecules of E3BP-didomain (consisting of the LD and SBD; Figure 1C). Further contributing factors could be differences in buffer composition and/or the effects of crystal packing. Indeed, the solution conformations of other proteins, ...
Activity 3
... Pepsin obtains optimal activity in a highly acidic medium (pH 1.8-3.5). When pH exceeds 5.0, very little or no proteolytic activity will take ...
... Pepsin obtains optimal activity in a highly acidic medium (pH 1.8-3.5). When pH exceeds 5.0, very little or no proteolytic activity will take ...
31P n.m.r. analysis of the renal response to respiratory acidosis
... confined to cytosol. Hence, pH measurements reported below reflect cytosolic pH and not that of the mitochondrion. Intracellular pH, initially 7.2 (perfusate pH 7.4), fell to 6.8 (perfusate 6.85) when acidosis was introduced. No changes in ATP or other phosphorylated intermediates were detectable by ...
... confined to cytosol. Hence, pH measurements reported below reflect cytosolic pH and not that of the mitochondrion. Intracellular pH, initially 7.2 (perfusate pH 7.4), fell to 6.8 (perfusate 6.85) when acidosis was introduced. No changes in ATP or other phosphorylated intermediates were detectable by ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... 32) Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that A) kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement. B) kinetic energy depends on the movement of atoms, whereas chemical energy depends on the movement of molecules. C) kinetic en ...
... 32) Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that A) kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement. B) kinetic energy depends on the movement of atoms, whereas chemical energy depends on the movement of molecules. C) kinetic en ...
Inhibiting Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
... sialidase,[2,3] and purifying the expressed protein. Our results from purification of sialidases show a low yield, ~10% of that expected. Although we did not obtain enough protein to set up our assay, our results have lent us more insight into the structure of sialidase, which we hope will benefit f ...
... sialidase,[2,3] and purifying the expressed protein. Our results from purification of sialidases show a low yield, ~10% of that expected. Although we did not obtain enough protein to set up our assay, our results have lent us more insight into the structure of sialidase, which we hope will benefit f ...
Cell-Free Phospholipid Biosynthesis by Gene
... and, interestingly, in the GPAT-specific buffer too (Fig 2b). The two-enzyme cascade reaction was analysed using inside-out proteoliposomes containing both synthesized GPAT and LPAAT proteins. The proteoliposomes were supplied with G3P and palmitoyl-CoA and incubated in the GPAT activity buffer. In ...
... and, interestingly, in the GPAT-specific buffer too (Fig 2b). The two-enzyme cascade reaction was analysed using inside-out proteoliposomes containing both synthesized GPAT and LPAAT proteins. The proteoliposomes were supplied with G3P and palmitoyl-CoA and incubated in the GPAT activity buffer. In ...
1. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. In the small intestine, it is
... Some people are lactose intolerant because they do not produce enough lactase enzyme in the small intestine. Lactose accumulates in the intestines and either remains unhydrolysed or is converted to other soluble substances by bacteria in the intestine. Explain how this could lead to diarrhoea in a l ...
... Some people are lactose intolerant because they do not produce enough lactase enzyme in the small intestine. Lactose accumulates in the intestines and either remains unhydrolysed or is converted to other soluble substances by bacteria in the intestine. Explain how this could lead to diarrhoea in a l ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... Abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a carboxylase enzyme is present in all living organisms. It catalyzes metal-nucleotide coupled reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and oxaloacetate (OAA) depending on the system and the availability of ...
... Abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a carboxylase enzyme is present in all living organisms. It catalyzes metal-nucleotide coupled reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and oxaloacetate (OAA) depending on the system and the availability of ...
Crystal structure of a membrane-bound l-amino acid
... Yu and Qiao, 2012). Structure-guided protein engineering would be helpful to decrease the product inhibition and improve biocatalytic efficiency, specificity, stability and other properties important for industrial applications (Hossain et al., 2014c; Hou et al., 2015b). In this study, we solved the ...
... Yu and Qiao, 2012). Structure-guided protein engineering would be helpful to decrease the product inhibition and improve biocatalytic efficiency, specificity, stability and other properties important for industrial applications (Hossain et al., 2014c; Hou et al., 2015b). In this study, we solved the ...
PDF
... Major proteins of low ionic strength extracts of control and partially decapitated embryos could be resolved electrophoretically into from 5 to 7 cathodal and from 17 to 20 anodal protein-staining zones. No differences as a result of 'hypophysectomy' could be seen. Some variation in the presence or ...
... Major proteins of low ionic strength extracts of control and partially decapitated embryos could be resolved electrophoretically into from 5 to 7 cathodal and from 17 to 20 anodal protein-staining zones. No differences as a result of 'hypophysectomy' could be seen. Some variation in the presence or ...
... 1. The use of glucose by my muscles has lowered the glucose levels in my blood. 2. Glucagon is secreted (by the pancreas) ( +2 pts) 3. Glucagon causes enzyme phosphorylation in the liver, activating glycogen phosphorylase, producing glucose from glycogen. (+2 pts) 4. F26P levels will be low in the l ...
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non
... Alexander at Wake Forest, studying the mechanism of E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase substrate recognition and catalysis. In the process, I found that my interests grew in the direction of biochemistry, specifically toward what I learned to be the growing field of synthetic biology. I wanted to res ...
... Alexander at Wake Forest, studying the mechanism of E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase substrate recognition and catalysis. In the process, I found that my interests grew in the direction of biochemistry, specifically toward what I learned to be the growing field of synthetic biology. I wanted to res ...
Allicin, a naturally occurring antibiotic from garlic, specifically inhibits
... solution. In view of this, allicin, as a natural antibiotic, exhibits a good potency as compared to the antibiotics, cerulenin and thiolactomycin, two other inhibitors of plant fatty acid biosynthesis [19]. Further support of the specificity of the allicin inhibition is that all investigated acetyl- ...
... solution. In view of this, allicin, as a natural antibiotic, exhibits a good potency as compared to the antibiotics, cerulenin and thiolactomycin, two other inhibitors of plant fatty acid biosynthesis [19]. Further support of the specificity of the allicin inhibition is that all investigated acetyl- ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another example of gene duplication ...
... and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another example of gene duplication ...
Glycolysis
... This phosphate transfer from PEP to ADP is spontaneous. PEP has a larger DG of phosphate hydrolysis than ATP. Removal of Pi from PEP yields an unstable enol, which spontaneously converts to the keto form of pyruvate. Required inorganic cations K+ and Mg++ bind to anionic residues at the active s ...
... This phosphate transfer from PEP to ADP is spontaneous. PEP has a larger DG of phosphate hydrolysis than ATP. Removal of Pi from PEP yields an unstable enol, which spontaneously converts to the keto form of pyruvate. Required inorganic cations K+ and Mg++ bind to anionic residues at the active s ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.