Molecule of the Month: AgrA DNA Binding Domain AgrA is the
... contains both a histidine kinase (AgrC) and a response regulator (AgrA) (Figure 1). The other components of the system (AgrB and AgrD) function to generate the active form of Autoinducing Peptid (AIP). AgrD is the precursor to AIP and upon being synthesized binds to AgrB (a transmembrane protein). A ...
... contains both a histidine kinase (AgrC) and a response regulator (AgrA) (Figure 1). The other components of the system (AgrB and AgrD) function to generate the active form of Autoinducing Peptid (AIP). AgrD is the precursor to AIP and upon being synthesized binds to AgrB (a transmembrane protein). A ...
Book Review Layout
... of the book RNA structure and function is that it goes beyond the required descriptions of the structure and function of stable RNAs, with chapters on structural requirements of messenger RNAs, in regulating translation and transcription. This book conveys the message that RNA structure is relevant ...
... of the book RNA structure and function is that it goes beyond the required descriptions of the structure and function of stable RNAs, with chapters on structural requirements of messenger RNAs, in regulating translation and transcription. This book conveys the message that RNA structure is relevant ...
The world of proteases Diversity and function
... OCCURRENCE AND FUNCTIONALITY Analysis of complete genomes has shown that about 2% of proteins in all kinds of organisms are proteases Proteases have many different functions: processing of proteins, protein turnover, cell division, metabolism, toxins… ...
... OCCURRENCE AND FUNCTIONALITY Analysis of complete genomes has shown that about 2% of proteins in all kinds of organisms are proteases Proteases have many different functions: processing of proteins, protein turnover, cell division, metabolism, toxins… ...
The activity and kinetic properties of cellulases in substrates
... by natrium at the determined concentrations. The effect of Na+ on cellulase was weak. The activity of cellulase were reduced only to 2% when the concentration of Na+ was varied from 1 mmol/L to 1 mol/L. Cobalt ions had significant positive effects on the CMCase for the purified cellulase (cellulaseⅡ ...
... by natrium at the determined concentrations. The effect of Na+ on cellulase was weak. The activity of cellulase were reduced only to 2% when the concentration of Na+ was varied from 1 mmol/L to 1 mol/L. Cobalt ions had significant positive effects on the CMCase for the purified cellulase (cellulaseⅡ ...
Functional analysis of an interspecies chimera of acyl carrier
... The nod genes nodF and nodE are the only specialized genes required for the production of these unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids. NodF and NodE are homologous to acyl carrier proteins and b-keto-acyl-ACP synthase (KAS) enzymes, respectively (Shearman et al. 1986; Bibb et al. 1989). KAS enzymes ar ...
... The nod genes nodF and nodE are the only specialized genes required for the production of these unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids. NodF and NodE are homologous to acyl carrier proteins and b-keto-acyl-ACP synthase (KAS) enzymes, respectively (Shearman et al. 1986; Bibb et al. 1989). KAS enzymes ar ...
ExamplePoster3 - Bridgewater College
... Matthew B. Persinger, Matthew Shull, and Stephen F. Baron, Biology Dept., Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA 22812 ...
... Matthew B. Persinger, Matthew Shull, and Stephen F. Baron, Biology Dept., Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA 22812 ...
6. Protein Folding
... • A simple reaction profile for two state reaction. The reaction can be described in terms entirely analogous to reaction kinetics where G is the conformational stability of the folded protein (GU − GF). For folding to occur the change in free energy must be negative ...
... • A simple reaction profile for two state reaction. The reaction can be described in terms entirely analogous to reaction kinetics where G is the conformational stability of the folded protein (GU − GF). For folding to occur the change in free energy must be negative ...
Incomplete citric acid cycle obliges aminolevulinic
... formation of oxaloacetate in 20 mwpotassium phosphate (pH 7 . 9 , 0.5 mM-NAD+ or 0.2 mM-NADP', 0.2 mM-acetyl-CoA, 0.1 m ~ - 5 , 5 ' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), 5.8 U porcine-heart citrate synthase and 1 mwmalate. 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase was monitored by coupling the thiamin pyrophosphate an ...
... formation of oxaloacetate in 20 mwpotassium phosphate (pH 7 . 9 , 0.5 mM-NAD+ or 0.2 mM-NADP', 0.2 mM-acetyl-CoA, 0.1 m ~ - 5 , 5 ' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), 5.8 U porcine-heart citrate synthase and 1 mwmalate. 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase was monitored by coupling the thiamin pyrophosphate an ...
Coenzyme A and Acyl Carrier Protein
... the 3’-phosphate group on the ribose moiety have been detected in tissues, their function is unknown. Not only is CoA intimately associated with most reactions of fatty acids, but it is also a key molecule in the catabolism of carbohydrates via the citric acid cycle in which acetyl-CoA is a major en ...
... the 3’-phosphate group on the ribose moiety have been detected in tissues, their function is unknown. Not only is CoA intimately associated with most reactions of fatty acids, but it is also a key molecule in the catabolism of carbohydrates via the citric acid cycle in which acetyl-CoA is a major en ...
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... As can be gathered from the above discussion, the flavonoid pathway is immensely complex and delicately intertwined with the surrounding conditions inside the cell. Some parts of the pathway, such as the formation of co-pigments and the modification of anthocyanins, are still known in only the bares ...
... As can be gathered from the above discussion, the flavonoid pathway is immensely complex and delicately intertwined with the surrounding conditions inside the cell. Some parts of the pathway, such as the formation of co-pigments and the modification of anthocyanins, are still known in only the bares ...
Biology 13A Lab #13: Nutrition and Digestion
... molecules to their basic components. Several organs produce enzymes that break down specific food molecules. The mouth contains amylase, an enzyme from saliva that breaks starches (polysaccharides) into disaccharides. Cells in the lining of the stomach produce pepsin, which in the presence of hydroc ...
... molecules to their basic components. Several organs produce enzymes that break down specific food molecules. The mouth contains amylase, an enzyme from saliva that breaks starches (polysaccharides) into disaccharides. Cells in the lining of the stomach produce pepsin, which in the presence of hydroc ...
lecture2
... enolase and pyruvate decarboxylase can be classified into (1) Kinases which catalyse the transfer of a ‘PO’4 group from ATP to some acceptor molecule. ...
... enolase and pyruvate decarboxylase can be classified into (1) Kinases which catalyse the transfer of a ‘PO’4 group from ATP to some acceptor molecule. ...
Severe factor XI deficiency caused by a Gly555 to Glu mutation
... Gly193 in chymotrypsin, the prototype used to compare trypsin-like proteases [6], and is highly conserved among serine proteases [7–9]. Mutations at the corresponding residues in FIX [10] and FVII [11] cause CRM + hemophilia B and FVII deficiency, respectively. The amido nitrogen of Gly193 forms part ...
... Gly193 in chymotrypsin, the prototype used to compare trypsin-like proteases [6], and is highly conserved among serine proteases [7–9]. Mutations at the corresponding residues in FIX [10] and FVII [11] cause CRM + hemophilia B and FVII deficiency, respectively. The amido nitrogen of Gly193 forms part ...
CHAPTER 1 SAMPLE TEST
... ____ 11. The production of a large molecule from smaller subunits is referred to as a catabolic reaction. _________________________ ____ 12. The pH of vinegar is lower than the pH of pure water ____ 13. Compounds that contain amino groups are called organic acids ____ 14. A pH of 13 would indicate a ...
... ____ 11. The production of a large molecule from smaller subunits is referred to as a catabolic reaction. _________________________ ____ 12. The pH of vinegar is lower than the pH of pure water ____ 13. Compounds that contain amino groups are called organic acids ____ 14. A pH of 13 would indicate a ...
Lecture 32: Protein (Part-I)
... attached to the central α-carbon atom (Figure 33.1). The side chain attached to the αcentral carbon atom determines the chemical nature of different amino acids. Peptide bonds connect individual amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Each amino acid is linked to the neighboring amino acid through a aci ...
... attached to the central α-carbon atom (Figure 33.1). The side chain attached to the αcentral carbon atom determines the chemical nature of different amino acids. Peptide bonds connect individual amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Each amino acid is linked to the neighboring amino acid through a aci ...
Slide 1
... Most cases Glc-6-P is end product---used in other pathways - glycogen, starch, pentose, hexose synthesis Enzyme only found in liver, kidney, small intestines Bound to ER with active site towards lumen Hydrolysis of phosphate irreversibly forms glucose Secretory pathway exports to blood stream for ot ...
... Most cases Glc-6-P is end product---used in other pathways - glycogen, starch, pentose, hexose synthesis Enzyme only found in liver, kidney, small intestines Bound to ER with active site towards lumen Hydrolysis of phosphate irreversibly forms glucose Secretory pathway exports to blood stream for ot ...
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD COMPOUNDS WITH COBRA VENOM NEUTRALISING ACTIVITY IN
... combination of drugs acting at a number of targets simultaneously is likely to be more effective than drugs acting at one target. Snake venom is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds, including enzymatic and non enzymatic proteins as well as low molecular weight components including peptides, lip ...
... combination of drugs acting at a number of targets simultaneously is likely to be more effective than drugs acting at one target. Snake venom is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds, including enzymatic and non enzymatic proteins as well as low molecular weight components including peptides, lip ...
PDF File - Computational Biochemistry Group
... molecular mass of 101,294 Da and corroborated the value obtained for the purified protein. A PIR BLAST search produced several hits with Pfl-like proteins of unknown function indicating the decarboxylase was a member of the GRE family. As typical for GREs, an ORF coding the cognate AE (hpdA) was fou ...
... molecular mass of 101,294 Da and corroborated the value obtained for the purified protein. A PIR BLAST search produced several hits with Pfl-like proteins of unknown function indicating the decarboxylase was a member of the GRE family. As typical for GREs, an ORF coding the cognate AE (hpdA) was fou ...
No Slide Title
... • Lysozyme: like MPO, is a microbicidal enzyme. • Lysozyme digests debris from cell walls of bacteria that have already been processed by other enzymes. • Another function of lysozyme is to modulate inflammation by suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism. ...
... • Lysozyme: like MPO, is a microbicidal enzyme. • Lysozyme digests debris from cell walls of bacteria that have already been processed by other enzymes. • Another function of lysozyme is to modulate inflammation by suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism. ...
Enzyme Activities Support the Use of Liver Lipid–Derived Ketone
... to a circulating water bath. An assay temperature of 20⬚C was chosen because it approximates the mean water temperature at capture for all species studied. All assays were performed under saturating substrate concentrations to provide optimal rates of enzyme activity. Activities for all enzymes are ...
... to a circulating water bath. An assay temperature of 20⬚C was chosen because it approximates the mean water temperature at capture for all species studied. All assays were performed under saturating substrate concentrations to provide optimal rates of enzyme activity. Activities for all enzymes are ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... In anaerobic respiration, the process involves the transfer of electrons through a system of chain system in the membrane of the cell. Fermentation takes place when a co-enzyme, NADH reduces the pyruvate to form the organic compound. It is the process of getting energy by the oxidation of some compo ...
... In anaerobic respiration, the process involves the transfer of electrons through a system of chain system in the membrane of the cell. Fermentation takes place when a co-enzyme, NADH reduces the pyruvate to form the organic compound. It is the process of getting energy by the oxidation of some compo ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.