Structural insights into the first incision reaction
... is believed to scan the DNA helix for conformational perturbations induced by DNA lesions (Theis et al, 2000). After the damage has been identified, UvrA dissociates from the protein–DNA complex, leaving UvrB bound to the DNA (Orren and Sancar, 1990) forming a stable preincision complex (Theis et al, ...
... is believed to scan the DNA helix for conformational perturbations induced by DNA lesions (Theis et al, 2000). After the damage has been identified, UvrA dissociates from the protein–DNA complex, leaving UvrB bound to the DNA (Orren and Sancar, 1990) forming a stable preincision complex (Theis et al, ...
Lecture 16- Dr. Kumar
... amputation of the feet or legs, and nerve damage Heart disease, such as hardening of the arteries, heart attack, and angina High blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss High cholesterol, which can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure Obst ...
... amputation of the feet or legs, and nerve damage Heart disease, such as hardening of the arteries, heart attack, and angina High blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss High cholesterol, which can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure Obst ...
Lecture 9 Fatty Acid Synthesis
... Biotin-Dependent Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
... Biotin-Dependent Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
LABORATORY Exercise Protein Structure
... This Secondary Structure consists of alpha helices and/or beta sheets. Proteins commonly contain a combination of alpha helices and beta sheets. In fact, proteins can be thought of as a series of alpha helices and beta sheets, joined by loops of less regular protein structure. ...
... This Secondary Structure consists of alpha helices and/or beta sheets. Proteins commonly contain a combination of alpha helices and beta sheets. In fact, proteins can be thought of as a series of alpha helices and beta sheets, joined by loops of less regular protein structure. ...
Isoenzyme Loci in Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta L.)
... example, a single invariant band found in all individuals examined might represent the products of any number of loci with the same common allele coding for the protein considered. Therefore, the exact number of loci involved cannot be determined. In such situations we have chosen to treat the prote ...
... example, a single invariant band found in all individuals examined might represent the products of any number of loci with the same common allele coding for the protein considered. Therefore, the exact number of loci involved cannot be determined. In such situations we have chosen to treat the prote ...
enzymes - Sekisui Diagnostics
... Sekisui Diagnostics has been a leader in the manufacturing of high quality enzymes and specialist biochemicals to the global healthcare market for over 40 years. We have worked with many global partners to supply high quality materials for a variety of applications, including enzymes for biotherapeu ...
... Sekisui Diagnostics has been a leader in the manufacturing of high quality enzymes and specialist biochemicals to the global healthcare market for over 40 years. We have worked with many global partners to supply high quality materials for a variety of applications, including enzymes for biotherapeu ...
A Transient Expression Assay Using Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
... response to metabolites, light, heat shock, phytohormone, redox, photooxidation, elicitor has been observed. Agents as agonists/antagonists of cellular functions and processes can be introduced into protoplasts by incubation or electroporation. Molecular genetic manipulation of cloned genes and the ...
... response to metabolites, light, heat shock, phytohormone, redox, photooxidation, elicitor has been observed. Agents as agonists/antagonists of cellular functions and processes can be introduced into protoplasts by incubation or electroporation. Molecular genetic manipulation of cloned genes and the ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... family, another layer of classification is required to get a better understanding of the evolution of diverse enzyme activities. In Paper I, a new subfamily classification of GH5 is presented in order to sort the family members into distinct groups with predictive power. In total, 51 subfamilies wer ...
... family, another layer of classification is required to get a better understanding of the evolution of diverse enzyme activities. In Paper I, a new subfamily classification of GH5 is presented in order to sort the family members into distinct groups with predictive power. In total, 51 subfamilies wer ...
The road to knowledge: from biology to databases and back again
... A metabolic reaction can be defined as the synthesis or degradation of chemical compounds, which may or may not be a reversible process. The type of reaction, e.g., an 'oxidation-reduction' reaction, is indicated by an Enzyme Commission (EC) number in all databases, although in Reactome a link to GO ...
... A metabolic reaction can be defined as the synthesis or degradation of chemical compounds, which may or may not be a reversible process. The type of reaction, e.g., an 'oxidation-reduction' reaction, is indicated by an Enzyme Commission (EC) number in all databases, although in Reactome a link to GO ...
Chapter 8
... Gluconeogenesis is the formation of new glucose molecules from precursors in the liver Precursor molecules include lactate, pyruvate, and ...
... Gluconeogenesis is the formation of new glucose molecules from precursors in the liver Precursor molecules include lactate, pyruvate, and ...
Lecture_6_TCA_Cycle
... Because the citric acid cycle provides precursors for biosynthesis, reactions to replenish the cycle components are required if the energy status of the cells changes. These replenishing reactions are called anaplerotic reactions. A prominent anaplerotic reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylas ...
... Because the citric acid cycle provides precursors for biosynthesis, reactions to replenish the cycle components are required if the energy status of the cells changes. These replenishing reactions are called anaplerotic reactions. A prominent anaplerotic reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylas ...
GENE REGULATION AT THE PROMOTER LEVEL
... All cells use only a fraction of their total number of genes (their “genome’) at a given time. Gene expression is an expensive process, it takes a lot of energy to produce mRNA and protein and also a lot of often limiting nutrients such as N and P. It would be wasteful, for example, for a bacterium ...
... All cells use only a fraction of their total number of genes (their “genome’) at a given time. Gene expression is an expensive process, it takes a lot of energy to produce mRNA and protein and also a lot of often limiting nutrients such as N and P. It would be wasteful, for example, for a bacterium ...
Chapter 1
... Begins with D-glucose as the substrate All organisms can use glucose as an energy source Requires no oxygen Occurs free in the cytoplasm Ten step pathway catalyzed by enzymes ...
... Begins with D-glucose as the substrate All organisms can use glucose as an energy source Requires no oxygen Occurs free in the cytoplasm Ten step pathway catalyzed by enzymes ...
The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the catalysis of shikimate kinase
... acid [6]. SK (EC 2.7.1.71), the fifth enzyme in the shikimate biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes phosphate transfer from ATP to the 3-hydroxy group of shikimate, forming shikimate-3-phosphate. Adenylate kinases (AKs) contribute to the homeostasis of adenine nucleotides by maintaining intracellular nucl ...
... acid [6]. SK (EC 2.7.1.71), the fifth enzyme in the shikimate biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes phosphate transfer from ATP to the 3-hydroxy group of shikimate, forming shikimate-3-phosphate. Adenylate kinases (AKs) contribute to the homeostasis of adenine nucleotides by maintaining intracellular nucl ...
The Synthesis of Enzymes Concerned in Bacterio
... light intensity. Enzyme synthesis in the light is repressed by oxygen, the effect being overcome on restoration of anaerobic conditions. Formation of bacteriochlorophyll under these various conditions is affected in the same way as enzyme synthesis. Addition of B-aminolaevulic acid or haemin to grow ...
... light intensity. Enzyme synthesis in the light is repressed by oxygen, the effect being overcome on restoration of anaerobic conditions. Formation of bacteriochlorophyll under these various conditions is affected in the same way as enzyme synthesis. Addition of B-aminolaevulic acid or haemin to grow ...
Pyruvic Acid and Formic Acid Metabolism in Sarcina
... formate was ferredoxin-dependent. Acetaldehyde and COz were produced from pyruvate by a yeast-type decarboxylase which required thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg2+ions for activity. Extracellular pH influenced the pathways of pyruvate metabolism which were reflected by the molar growth yields for glucos ...
... formate was ferredoxin-dependent. Acetaldehyde and COz were produced from pyruvate by a yeast-type decarboxylase which required thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg2+ions for activity. Extracellular pH influenced the pathways of pyruvate metabolism which were reflected by the molar growth yields for glucos ...
Probing Allosteric Binding Sites of the Maize
... Unfortunately, only limited atomic-level structural data are available for AGPases. The three-dimensional structure of a bacterial homotetrameric enzyme from A. tumefaciens has recently been solved (Cupp-Vickery et al., 2008). Only one crystal structure is available for a higher plant AGPase: a nonn ...
... Unfortunately, only limited atomic-level structural data are available for AGPases. The three-dimensional structure of a bacterial homotetrameric enzyme from A. tumefaciens has recently been solved (Cupp-Vickery et al., 2008). Only one crystal structure is available for a higher plant AGPase: a nonn ...
Lecture 17: Nitrogen metabolism
... acids. Those that cannot be synthesized have to come from diet/food. ...
... acids. Those that cannot be synthesized have to come from diet/food. ...
Special aspects of renal metabolism
... Transamination: the funneling of amino groups into Glutemate ...
... Transamination: the funneling of amino groups into Glutemate ...
Brewing biochemistry
... o enzymatic activity during malting o enzymatic activity during brewing Biochemistry of fermentation Characterization and structure of yeasts o Systematics of yeasts, life cycle, cytology of yeasts characterization of the cell wall, characterization of the cell membrane Metabolism of sugars in brewe ...
... o enzymatic activity during malting o enzymatic activity during brewing Biochemistry of fermentation Characterization and structure of yeasts o Systematics of yeasts, life cycle, cytology of yeasts characterization of the cell wall, characterization of the cell membrane Metabolism of sugars in brewe ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.