Ch2
... ATP-PCr System • Phosphocreatine (PCr): ATP recycling – PCr + creatine kinase Cr + Pi + energy – PCr energy cannot be used for cellular work – PCr energy can be used to reassemble ATP ...
... ATP-PCr System • Phosphocreatine (PCr): ATP recycling – PCr + creatine kinase Cr + Pi + energy – PCr energy cannot be used for cellular work – PCr energy can be used to reassemble ATP ...
Biochemical Journal
... to be composed of an N-terminal catalytic domain (residues 1– 330) and a C-terminal regulatory domain (residues 390–516), connected together by a linker region of approx. 60 amino-acid residues. Although the catalytic reactions catalysed by LiCMS and MtIPMS both belong to the aldol condensation reac ...
... to be composed of an N-terminal catalytic domain (residues 1– 330) and a C-terminal regulatory domain (residues 390–516), connected together by a linker region of approx. 60 amino-acid residues. Although the catalytic reactions catalysed by LiCMS and MtIPMS both belong to the aldol condensation reac ...
Pyruvate Oxidation Overview of pyruvate metabolism - Rose
... possible for the pyruvate concentration inside the mitochondria to be higher than outside. The energy for the pump comes from a proton gradient, in which the proton concentration outside the mitochondria is higher than it is inside. Many other molecules are present only on one side of the membrane, ...
... possible for the pyruvate concentration inside the mitochondria to be higher than outside. The energy for the pump comes from a proton gradient, in which the proton concentration outside the mitochondria is higher than it is inside. Many other molecules are present only on one side of the membrane, ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or
... Intermediates of the TCA cycle can also be synthesized by the catabolism of some amino acids. Therefore, this cycle should not be viewed as a closed circle, but instead as a traffic circle with compounds entering and leaving as required. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Pyruvate, the end-produc ...
... Intermediates of the TCA cycle can also be synthesized by the catabolism of some amino acids. Therefore, this cycle should not be viewed as a closed circle, but instead as a traffic circle with compounds entering and leaving as required. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Pyruvate, the end-produc ...
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
... Intermediates of the TCA cycle can also be synthesized by the catabolism of some amino acids. Therefore, this cycle should not be viewed as a closed circle, but instead as a traffic circle with compounds entering and leaving as required. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Pyruvate, the end-produc ...
... Intermediates of the TCA cycle can also be synthesized by the catabolism of some amino acids. Therefore, this cycle should not be viewed as a closed circle, but instead as a traffic circle with compounds entering and leaving as required. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Pyruvate, the end-produc ...
amino acid 1
... 1. In peripheral tissues,the a-amino groups of the amino acids are transferred to glutamate by a transamination reaction, as in the liver. 2. However, rather than oxidatively deaminating glutamate to form ammonium ion, the a-amino group is transferred to pyruvate to form alanine. 3. The liver takes ...
... 1. In peripheral tissues,the a-amino groups of the amino acids are transferred to glutamate by a transamination reaction, as in the liver. 2. However, rather than oxidatively deaminating glutamate to form ammonium ion, the a-amino group is transferred to pyruvate to form alanine. 3. The liver takes ...
Regulatory Mechanisms of Monofunctional and
... haved anomalously from the other azo dyes in that it was a relatively poor inducer of AHH (about 2-fold) while raising the level of QR 3.5-fold. Since the ratios of induction of QR to AHH vary greatly from 0.0775 for Sudan III to 1.58 for l-(2pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, it seems evident that bifunctiona ...
... haved anomalously from the other azo dyes in that it was a relatively poor inducer of AHH (about 2-fold) while raising the level of QR 3.5-fold. Since the ratios of induction of QR to AHH vary greatly from 0.0775 for Sudan III to 1.58 for l-(2pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, it seems evident that bifunctiona ...
Changes in cell morphology and carnitine acetyltransferase activity
... enzymes of which are located wholly within the peroxisomes (Tanaka & Fukui, 1989; Veenhuis & Harder, 1991) and, similarly, many of the amino acids derived from serum are also handled in the peroxisomes. A common feature of degradative pathways in the peroxisomes is their linkage to catalase/peroxida ...
... enzymes of which are located wholly within the peroxisomes (Tanaka & Fukui, 1989; Veenhuis & Harder, 1991) and, similarly, many of the amino acids derived from serum are also handled in the peroxisomes. A common feature of degradative pathways in the peroxisomes is their linkage to catalase/peroxida ...
The effect of pH on the digestion of proteins in vitro by pepsin
... for enzyme substrate interaction, each of which attacks maximally a different type of substrate at a different pH. Such a concept is in line with the findings that pepsin hydrolyses optimally some synthetic substrates at p H 1-8 (Baker, 1951) and others at p H 4 (Fruton & Bergmann, 1939). It would a ...
... for enzyme substrate interaction, each of which attacks maximally a different type of substrate at a different pH. Such a concept is in line with the findings that pepsin hydrolyses optimally some synthetic substrates at p H 1-8 (Baker, 1951) and others at p H 4 (Fruton & Bergmann, 1939). It would a ...
Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases
... C120 polymer was found as the final product of an isoprenyl pyrophosphate synthase in plant Arabidopsis thaliana with unknown function [27]. As the cis-prenyltransferases commonly synthesize long-chain products, a unique short-chain cis,trans-FPP is made by Mycobacterium tuberculosis FPPS which utili ...
... C120 polymer was found as the final product of an isoprenyl pyrophosphate synthase in plant Arabidopsis thaliana with unknown function [27]. As the cis-prenyltransferases commonly synthesize long-chain products, a unique short-chain cis,trans-FPP is made by Mycobacterium tuberculosis FPPS which utili ...
ester formation in brewery fermentations
... enzymes working in reverse32 and this occurs in the absence of CoASH28. One such yeast is Hansenula anomala which can synthesize up to 400 ppm ethyl acetate in this reaction18. H. anomala has been shown to produce less esters in the presence of acetyl co-enzyme A than in its absence38. The normal fu ...
... enzymes working in reverse32 and this occurs in the absence of CoASH28. One such yeast is Hansenula anomala which can synthesize up to 400 ppm ethyl acetate in this reaction18. H. anomala has been shown to produce less esters in the presence of acetyl co-enzyme A than in its absence38. The normal fu ...
Lecture 27
... Except for Tyr, pathways are simple Derived from pyruvate, oxaloacetate, -ketoglutarate, and 3phosphoglycerate. Tyrosine is misclassified as nonessential since it is derived from the essential amino acid, Phe. ...
... Except for Tyr, pathways are simple Derived from pyruvate, oxaloacetate, -ketoglutarate, and 3phosphoglycerate. Tyrosine is misclassified as nonessential since it is derived from the essential amino acid, Phe. ...
Glycolysis
... Binding of glucose to Hexokinase promotes a large conformational change by stabilizing an alternative conformation in which: the C6 hydroxyl of the bound glucose is close to the terminal phosphate of ATP, promoting catalysis. water is excluded from the active site. This prevents the enzyme from ...
... Binding of glucose to Hexokinase promotes a large conformational change by stabilizing an alternative conformation in which: the C6 hydroxyl of the bound glucose is close to the terminal phosphate of ATP, promoting catalysis. water is excluded from the active site. This prevents the enzyme from ...
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans
... and specific task of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. While most people simply assume that their GI tract will work properly to use nutrients, provide energy, and release wastes, few nonscientists know the details about how various nutrients are digested and how the breakdown products traverse the ...
... and specific task of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. While most people simply assume that their GI tract will work properly to use nutrients, provide energy, and release wastes, few nonscientists know the details about how various nutrients are digested and how the breakdown products traverse the ...
Science Course Outline Template
... have tidied and cleaned your equipment and workspace as instructed by the demonstrators and technical staff. ...
... have tidied and cleaned your equipment and workspace as instructed by the demonstrators and technical staff. ...
6 - rguhs
... aged. Exocytosis rather than cell lysis was the primary means of release of glucose oxidase from cells. Enzyme stability studies confirmed that the glucose oxidase of T. flavus is an extremely stable enzyme, retaining 13% of its original activity after 2 weeks at 25°C and retaining activity for seve ...
... aged. Exocytosis rather than cell lysis was the primary means of release of glucose oxidase from cells. Enzyme stability studies confirmed that the glucose oxidase of T. flavus is an extremely stable enzyme, retaining 13% of its original activity after 2 weeks at 25°C and retaining activity for seve ...
Supplementary Notes - Word file
... In PvGR, however, two additional key residues corresponding to Ser286 and Ser349 of firefly luciferases are mutated to Thr and Cys residues, respectively. ...
... In PvGR, however, two additional key residues corresponding to Ser286 and Ser349 of firefly luciferases are mutated to Thr and Cys residues, respectively. ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... identical subunits, each subunit has an RNA binding domain and ATPase domain, requires ATP to function. • Rho releases the RNA product from the DNA template. ...
... identical subunits, each subunit has an RNA binding domain and ATPase domain, requires ATP to function. • Rho releases the RNA product from the DNA template. ...
Proc. National Academy of Sciences
... thread formation (Inf) and later during bacterial release (Bar) from infection threads within host nodule cells. This process of plant cell wall degradation must be delicately balanced to allow the localized penetration of the bacterial symbiont into the host cell without its overt lysis and destruc ...
... thread formation (Inf) and later during bacterial release (Bar) from infection threads within host nodule cells. This process of plant cell wall degradation must be delicately balanced to allow the localized penetration of the bacterial symbiont into the host cell without its overt lysis and destruc ...
The role and source of 5P-deoxyadenosyl radical in a carbon
... were carried out with growing root cultures and the incubation times were 10^28 days. In these cases endogenous SAM must have been provided by the in vivo system. Preliminary experiments using [2,8,5P-3 H]SAM showed no incorporation of tritium into littorine or hyoscyamine but some loss of the radio ...
... were carried out with growing root cultures and the incubation times were 10^28 days. In these cases endogenous SAM must have been provided by the in vivo system. Preliminary experiments using [2,8,5P-3 H]SAM showed no incorporation of tritium into littorine or hyoscyamine but some loss of the radio ...
Gluconeogenesis Glycogen metabolism
... and to a lesser extent in the kidney, only these tissues can release free glucose into the blood. The dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate takes place within the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. ...
... and to a lesser extent in the kidney, only these tissues can release free glucose into the blood. The dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate takes place within the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.