NAGS - BMC Biochemistry
... glutamine, bicarbonate and ATP as substrates [53]. Nacetylglutamate (NAG), which is formed enzymatically by N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS; EC 2.3.1.1) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A (Figure 1), is an essential allosteric activator of CPSI, and deficiency of NAG results in a block in ureagen ...
... glutamine, bicarbonate and ATP as substrates [53]. Nacetylglutamate (NAG), which is formed enzymatically by N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS; EC 2.3.1.1) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A (Figure 1), is an essential allosteric activator of CPSI, and deficiency of NAG results in a block in ureagen ...
Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver
... more tightly controlled by phosphorylation than by allosteric regulation, as is shown by the inability of the liver to break down glycogen in the absence of functional phosphorylase kinase [35]. Also, purified liver phosphorylase binds AMP and glucose 6-phosphate with much lower affinity than do the ...
... more tightly controlled by phosphorylation than by allosteric regulation, as is shown by the inability of the liver to break down glycogen in the absence of functional phosphorylase kinase [35]. Also, purified liver phosphorylase binds AMP and glucose 6-phosphate with much lower affinity than do the ...
- Wiley Online Library
... IFO 0005, ACII-3, was reported with a 54Æ5% reduced activity of PDC (Miyata and Yonehara 1999). The yield of pyruvate produced by strain ACII-3 was 15% higher than the parent strain. However, the mutant grew poorly on glucose (the sole carbon source) minimum medium. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PDC, ...
... IFO 0005, ACII-3, was reported with a 54Æ5% reduced activity of PDC (Miyata and Yonehara 1999). The yield of pyruvate produced by strain ACII-3 was 15% higher than the parent strain. However, the mutant grew poorly on glucose (the sole carbon source) minimum medium. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PDC, ...
Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber - publish.UP
... In this work different approaches are undertaken to improve the understanding of the sucroseto-starch pathway in developing potato tubers. At first an inducible gene expression system from fungal origin is optimised for the use of studying metabolism in the potato tuber. It is found that the alc sys ...
... In this work different approaches are undertaken to improve the understanding of the sucroseto-starch pathway in developing potato tubers. At first an inducible gene expression system from fungal origin is optimised for the use of studying metabolism in the potato tuber. It is found that the alc sys ...
chapter 15: answers to selected problems
... 8 cycles of beta oxidation produce 8 NADH + 8 FADH2 9 citric acid cycles produce 27 NADH + 9 FADH2 + 9 ATP We make a total of 8 + 27 = 35 molecules of NADH. 35 NADH x 2.5 = 87.5 molecules of ATP We make a total of 8 + 9 = 17 molecules of FADH2. 17 FADH2 x 1.5 = 25.5 molecules of ATP Now we can add u ...
... 8 cycles of beta oxidation produce 8 NADH + 8 FADH2 9 citric acid cycles produce 27 NADH + 9 FADH2 + 9 ATP We make a total of 8 + 27 = 35 molecules of NADH. 35 NADH x 2.5 = 87.5 molecules of ATP We make a total of 8 + 9 = 17 molecules of FADH2. 17 FADH2 x 1.5 = 25.5 molecules of ATP Now we can add u ...
幻灯片 1 - 湖北师范学院生命科学学院
... 1.2.1 Some proteins transport molecules from one organ to another, many exist in the blood plasma, e.g., hemoglobin (oxygen), serum albumin (fatty acids), lipoproteins (lipids), and transferrin (iron). 1.2.2 Some proteins transport molecules across plasma membrane or organelle membranes (glucose, am ...
... 1.2.1 Some proteins transport molecules from one organ to another, many exist in the blood plasma, e.g., hemoglobin (oxygen), serum albumin (fatty acids), lipoproteins (lipids), and transferrin (iron). 1.2.2 Some proteins transport molecules across plasma membrane or organelle membranes (glucose, am ...
CALPAIN: TRANSITIONING FROM THE USE OF THE
... substrate, PLFMER, is cut at the intended scissile bond between F and M. Alanine substitutions at each position optimized the sequence to PLFAAR, which has a 2.3-fold higher turnover rate. The set of substrates derived from this study provided a tool for profiling the activity of calpain isoforms. O ...
... substrate, PLFMER, is cut at the intended scissile bond between F and M. Alanine substitutions at each position optimized the sequence to PLFAAR, which has a 2.3-fold higher turnover rate. The set of substrates derived from this study provided a tool for profiling the activity of calpain isoforms. O ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Biotin Conclusion and Discussion
... – most takes place in proximal SI by active transport. ...
... – most takes place in proximal SI by active transport. ...
C H A P
... The effect of several saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids on C. rugosa lipase (CRL) was analyzed to evaluate their potential as antilipase drugs. CRL, one of the best-known lipases, widely used in biotechnology, and being commercially available (Benjamin & Pandey, 1998; General Introduction 2.4), was ...
... The effect of several saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids on C. rugosa lipase (CRL) was analyzed to evaluate their potential as antilipase drugs. CRL, one of the best-known lipases, widely used in biotechnology, and being commercially available (Benjamin & Pandey, 1998; General Introduction 2.4), was ...
The Protein Cevalently Linked to the 5'... of Poliovirus RNA by Victor Robert Ambros
... be recovered from poliovirus RNA chains varying in length from 7,50C nucleotides (full-sized RNA) to about 500 nucleotides. ...
... be recovered from poliovirus RNA chains varying in length from 7,50C nucleotides (full-sized RNA) to about 500 nucleotides. ...
New insight into the photoheterotrophic growth of the
... finding that acetate assimilation is accompanied by the production of a compound identified as citramalate (Hoare, 1963) and on the presence of enzymatic activity allowing the production of glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA from C5 compounds (Osumi & Katsuki, 1977). Berg and Ivanovsky’s group also report ...
... finding that acetate assimilation is accompanied by the production of a compound identified as citramalate (Hoare, 1963) and on the presence of enzymatic activity allowing the production of glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA from C5 compounds (Osumi & Katsuki, 1977). Berg and Ivanovsky’s group also report ...
Exploring the directionality of Escherichia coli formate
... et al. 2014). Moreover, very early work with intact wild- type E. coli cells showed that formic acid could be produced when the cells were incubated under H2 and CO2 (Woods 1936). However, this experiment was done before modern biochemical and genetic experiments established that E. coli contains m ...
... et al. 2014). Moreover, very early work with intact wild- type E. coli cells showed that formic acid could be produced when the cells were incubated under H2 and CO2 (Woods 1936). However, this experiment was done before modern biochemical and genetic experiments established that E. coli contains m ...
Irreversible Inhibitors of Serine, Cysteine, and Threonine Proteases
... with an active site N-terminal threonine (Thr 1). It plays a central role in protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. All proteasomes are composed of 28 subunits arranged in a cylindrical structure composed of four heptameric rings. The subunits range from 22 to 30 kDa, giving a total molecular weig ...
... with an active site N-terminal threonine (Thr 1). It plays a central role in protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. All proteasomes are composed of 28 subunits arranged in a cylindrical structure composed of four heptameric rings. The subunits range from 22 to 30 kDa, giving a total molecular weig ...
Case Study: BPTI
... inhibiting the action of the enzyme trypsin which is produced in the bovine pancreas. BPTI is a member of the serine protease family of inhibitors [1]. A hallmark of this class of enzymes are the many conserved cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds stabilizing the proteins’ three-dimensional s ...
... inhibiting the action of the enzyme trypsin which is produced in the bovine pancreas. BPTI is a member of the serine protease family of inhibitors [1]. A hallmark of this class of enzymes are the many conserved cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds stabilizing the proteins’ three-dimensional s ...
Effects of tRNA modification on translational accuracy depend on
... they can provide highly quantitative measures of misreading at all possible codons by single aminoacyl-tRNAs. Because the assays are performed in vivo the results are directly ...
... they can provide highly quantitative measures of misreading at all possible codons by single aminoacyl-tRNAs. Because the assays are performed in vivo the results are directly ...
PATRICK PROBLEMS 2 Key
... Turning now to tamoxifen, this molecule is also hydrophobic and of a similar size to the above, allowing it to fit the hydrophoic binding site. It does not have the phenol or alcohol functional groups present in estradiol or raloxifene, but it does have a group that can interact with Asp351 in the s ...
... Turning now to tamoxifen, this molecule is also hydrophobic and of a similar size to the above, allowing it to fit the hydrophoic binding site. It does not have the phenol or alcohol functional groups present in estradiol or raloxifene, but it does have a group that can interact with Asp351 in the s ...
Glycerol transport and phosphoenolpyruvate
... source, even when the general PTS proteins enzyme I and HPr were not functional (Wehtje et al., 1995). Glycerol kinase in these mutants was therefore assumed to possess elevated activity, rendering glycerol uptake and metabolism independent of PTS-mediated activation by phosphorylation. This could i ...
... source, even when the general PTS proteins enzyme I and HPr were not functional (Wehtje et al., 1995). Glycerol kinase in these mutants was therefore assumed to possess elevated activity, rendering glycerol uptake and metabolism independent of PTS-mediated activation by phosphorylation. This could i ...
Metabolic decision making by protein-metabolite - ETH E
... transcriptional regulation sets each promoter’s maximal capacity in a largely growth‐dependent manner. Specific regulation then decides how much of this capacity is being used based on the current demand for the pathway’s end product. In chapter 4, we expand our analysis to quan ...
... transcriptional regulation sets each promoter’s maximal capacity in a largely growth‐dependent manner. Specific regulation then decides how much of this capacity is being used based on the current demand for the pathway’s end product. In chapter 4, we expand our analysis to quan ...
antimicrobial activities of sulfur compounds derived from s
... Brassica is taxonomically far apart from the genus Allium which includes garlic and onion. However, they have in common, that S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides as major non-protein amino acids (50). S-Alk(en)ylL-cysteine sulfoxides were suggested to be important in sulfur metabolism, acting as a sol ...
... Brassica is taxonomically far apart from the genus Allium which includes garlic and onion. However, they have in common, that S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides as major non-protein amino acids (50). S-Alk(en)ylL-cysteine sulfoxides were suggested to be important in sulfur metabolism, acting as a sol ...
Stressrelated challenges in pentose fermentation to ethanol
... acids – e.g. levulinic acid and formic acid (as reviewed in [12]). The lignin fraction of the biomass gives rise to different phenolics after pretreatment, e.g. phenylpropanoid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acid, or phenolics without the propanoid side chain [13].The hydrolysis of the ...
... acids – e.g. levulinic acid and formic acid (as reviewed in [12]). The lignin fraction of the biomass gives rise to different phenolics after pretreatment, e.g. phenylpropanoid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acid, or phenolics without the propanoid side chain [13].The hydrolysis of the ...
A Theoretical Analysis of NADPH Production and
... Estimation of the NADPH requirement for biomass formation during growth of yeasts on different carbon and nitrogen sources can be performed by summation of all NADPH-requiring anabolic reactions. Similar calculations have been made by Payne (1970), Stouthamer (1973) and Harder & van Dijken (1976) bu ...
... Estimation of the NADPH requirement for biomass formation during growth of yeasts on different carbon and nitrogen sources can be performed by summation of all NADPH-requiring anabolic reactions. Similar calculations have been made by Payne (1970), Stouthamer (1973) and Harder & van Dijken (1976) bu ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.