Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl
... Lotlikar, Manisha Ulhas, "Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl-COA Pathways in Mycobacterial Metabolism and Pathogenesis" (2012). Student Theses and Dissertations. Paper 245. ...
... Lotlikar, Manisha Ulhas, "Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl-COA Pathways in Mycobacterial Metabolism and Pathogenesis" (2012). Student Theses and Dissertations. Paper 245. ...
REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 BY
... P450 reductase is a membrane-bound protein containing a FAD and a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) prosthetic group that also has an isoalloxazine ring with properties similar to FAD, An electron pair from NADPH is received by FAD, which relays the electrons to FMN, finally transferring electrons in sing ...
... P450 reductase is a membrane-bound protein containing a FAD and a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) prosthetic group that also has an isoalloxazine ring with properties similar to FAD, An electron pair from NADPH is received by FAD, which relays the electrons to FMN, finally transferring electrons in sing ...
Sodium-Coupled Neurotransmitter Transporters Baruch I. Kanner* and Elia Zomot
... conformational change of the transporters following sodium binding.8,29–31 When the membrane voltage is jumped back to the original holding potential, sodium is “pushed-off” the transporter back into the extracellular medium and a transient current in the opposite direction is observed. Although alt ...
... conformational change of the transporters following sodium binding.8,29–31 When the membrane voltage is jumped back to the original holding potential, sodium is “pushed-off” the transporter back into the extracellular medium and a transient current in the opposite direction is observed. Although alt ...
The Endogenous Citric Acid-Cycle Intermediates and Amino Acids
... temperature, 0-1 ml. of a solution of fumarase was added and the mixture maintained at room temperature for a further 10 min. The reaction was stopped by the addition of one-tenth of the volume of 50 % trichloroacetic acid and the precipitated protein was removed by centrifuging. A sample (usually o ...
... temperature, 0-1 ml. of a solution of fumarase was added and the mixture maintained at room temperature for a further 10 min. The reaction was stopped by the addition of one-tenth of the volume of 50 % trichloroacetic acid and the precipitated protein was removed by centrifuging. A sample (usually o ...
Queuosine formation in eukaryotic tRNA occurs via a mitochondria
... Eubacteria are unique in their ability to synthesize Q. As part of this biosynthetic process, the eubacterial TGT enzyme inserts the Q-precursor molecule, 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1) into tRNA, which is then converted to Q by two further enzymatic steps at the tRNA level (6). Eukaryotes by ...
... Eubacteria are unique in their ability to synthesize Q. As part of this biosynthetic process, the eubacterial TGT enzyme inserts the Q-precursor molecule, 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1) into tRNA, which is then converted to Q by two further enzymatic steps at the tRNA level (6). Eukaryotes by ...
5 The structure and function of membrane proteins
... to be sequenced, cloned, manipulated and expressed in many different cells. As a result areas of recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have evolved rapidly to become specialist disciplines in their own right. Almost any protein whose primary sequence is known can be produced in large qu ...
... to be sequenced, cloned, manipulated and expressed in many different cells. As a result areas of recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have evolved rapidly to become specialist disciplines in their own right. Almost any protein whose primary sequence is known can be produced in large qu ...
Variation in Lignin Content and Composition
... for isoflavonoid and flavonoid biosynthesis (Hahlbrock and Scheel, 1989). Cell culture systems are particularly useful when they reflect mechanisms of regulation that occur in the whole plant. However, cultured cells are highly stressed, and it is not possible to conclude that normal developmental p ...
... for isoflavonoid and flavonoid biosynthesis (Hahlbrock and Scheel, 1989). Cell culture systems are particularly useful when they reflect mechanisms of regulation that occur in the whole plant. However, cultured cells are highly stressed, and it is not possible to conclude that normal developmental p ...
NH2
... ■Removal of ammonia from a.as can not be explained alone by transamination nor by oxidative deamination alone It can not be explained by transamination alone as no free ammonia is liberated nor by oxidative deamination alone as oxid. Deamination works efficiently only on glutamic acid as L- glutamat ...
... ■Removal of ammonia from a.as can not be explained alone by transamination nor by oxidative deamination alone It can not be explained by transamination alone as no free ammonia is liberated nor by oxidative deamination alone as oxid. Deamination works efficiently only on glutamic acid as L- glutamat ...
Sun J, Ke J, Johnson JL, Nikolau BJ, Wurtele ES
... finding that the CACZ and CACl gene promoters share a common set of sequence motifs that may be important in guiding the transcription of these genes. ...
... finding that the CACZ and CACl gene promoters share a common set of sequence motifs that may be important in guiding the transcription of these genes. ...
Electron Transport, NADPH Turnover, and Metabolism of Reactive
... red beetroots (117; but see also 3, 31), all plant mitochondria investigated to date are able to oxidize external NADH and, where tested, NADPH (76, 79). Several lines of evidence indicate that NADH and NADPH are oxidized by two distinct enzymes in plant mitochondria: 1. Mitochondrial NADH oxidation ...
... red beetroots (117; but see also 3, 31), all plant mitochondria investigated to date are able to oxidize external NADH and, where tested, NADPH (76, 79). Several lines of evidence indicate that NADH and NADPH are oxidized by two distinct enzymes in plant mitochondria: 1. Mitochondrial NADH oxidation ...
1. Fatty acids may be synthesized from dietary glucose via pyruvate
... that convert acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA to butyryl CoA. a. The acetyl transacylase component catalyzes the conversion of acetyl CoA + acyl carrier protein (ACP) → acetyl-ACP + CoA. (1) ACP possesses a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group, which is derived from the vitamin pantothenic acid and is iden ...
... that convert acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA to butyryl CoA. a. The acetyl transacylase component catalyzes the conversion of acetyl CoA + acyl carrier protein (ACP) → acetyl-ACP + CoA. (1) ACP possesses a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group, which is derived from the vitamin pantothenic acid and is iden ...
Pyruvate Kinase - Wiley Online Library
... tissues of the rat in three groups. As shown in Fig. 1, the pyruvate kinase activity in liver extracts is strongly inhibited by 2 mM alanine, a t moderate concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvateif the extract is preincubated a t 37 "C before the assay; kidney and adipose tissue extracts are inhibited ...
... tissues of the rat in three groups. As shown in Fig. 1, the pyruvate kinase activity in liver extracts is strongly inhibited by 2 mM alanine, a t moderate concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvateif the extract is preincubated a t 37 "C before the assay; kidney and adipose tissue extracts are inhibited ...
A E M , Feb. 2004, p. 999–1007
... occupies the end of the predicted substrate-binding pocket and obstructs the binding of straight fatty acid chains longer than four carbons. On the other hand, a Thr residue occupies position 87 in the M. tuberculosis FabH protein, and this enzyme displays specificity for substrates of C8 to C16 len ...
... occupies the end of the predicted substrate-binding pocket and obstructs the binding of straight fatty acid chains longer than four carbons. On the other hand, a Thr residue occupies position 87 in the M. tuberculosis FabH protein, and this enzyme displays specificity for substrates of C8 to C16 len ...
STUDIES ON THE CHLORAMPHENICOL HALOGENASE CmlS
... for the regio- and stereoselective incorporation of halogens into natural products. These enzymes require FAD, O2, NADH, and a flavin reductase to perform catalysis. The majority of these enzymes are observed to catalyze the halogenation of aromatic substrates. CmlS is a unique member of the flavin- ...
... for the regio- and stereoselective incorporation of halogens into natural products. These enzymes require FAD, O2, NADH, and a flavin reductase to perform catalysis. The majority of these enzymes are observed to catalyze the halogenation of aromatic substrates. CmlS is a unique member of the flavin- ...
CHM 303 - Unaab.edu.ng
... fat), which serves as a depot or storage site for lipids. Monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols also exist, but are far less common than the triacylglycerols. Most natural plant and animal fat is composed of mixtures of simple and mixed triacylglycerols. Acylglycerols can be hydrolyzed by heating wi ...
... fat), which serves as a depot or storage site for lipids. Monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols also exist, but are far less common than the triacylglycerols. Most natural plant and animal fat is composed of mixtures of simple and mixed triacylglycerols. Acylglycerols can be hydrolyzed by heating wi ...
Glutamate Dehydrogenases: Enzymology, Physiological
... GS-GOGAT pathway. Generally, GDH activity is not necessary for cell growth, since most organisms can synthesize glutamate from glutamine and 2-OG using GOGAT. In fact, some bacteria naturally lack GDH and are neither glutamate auxotrophs nor affected in nitrogen assimilation. While the amination rea ...
... GS-GOGAT pathway. Generally, GDH activity is not necessary for cell growth, since most organisms can synthesize glutamate from glutamine and 2-OG using GOGAT. In fact, some bacteria naturally lack GDH and are neither glutamate auxotrophs nor affected in nitrogen assimilation. While the amination rea ...
4-YEAR DEGREE PROGRAMME I BIOCHEMISTRY YEAR I A
... Biochemistry of Hormones 2 Units Prerequisite: BCH 403 Evolution of hormone action, classes of hormones, intracellular mediators of hormone, hormone receptors, binding activity and response. Kinetics of binding, mode of action of hormones, camp as second messenger, role of calcium and other ions. Am ...
... Biochemistry of Hormones 2 Units Prerequisite: BCH 403 Evolution of hormone action, classes of hormones, intracellular mediators of hormone, hormone receptors, binding activity and response. Kinetics of binding, mode of action of hormones, camp as second messenger, role of calcium and other ions. Am ...
Data mining for important amino acid residues in multiple sequence
... subunits a dimer. Proteins from different species which have a common ancestor are called homologs if they share the same function. Based on this evolutionary relationship these proteins are similar in sequence and structure and thus can be grouped into protein families. The Pfam protein families da ...
... subunits a dimer. Proteins from different species which have a common ancestor are called homologs if they share the same function. Based on this evolutionary relationship these proteins are similar in sequence and structure and thus can be grouped into protein families. The Pfam protein families da ...
Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in
... manufactured worldwide are applied in human food production (Fig. 2). The amino acids with the largest market volumes are glutamic acid, lysine and methionine (64) (Table 1). The microbial production of amino acids dates back to 1957, when a group of scientists isolated a soil bacterium (a Corynebac ...
... manufactured worldwide are applied in human food production (Fig. 2). The amino acids with the largest market volumes are glutamic acid, lysine and methionine (64) (Table 1). The microbial production of amino acids dates back to 1957, when a group of scientists isolated a soil bacterium (a Corynebac ...
Investigating the Porphyrias Through Analysis of
... A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree ...
... A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree ...
endoglucanase in cellulose biosynthesis is not very clear
... sequences obtained from the 83-kD polypeptide and 93-kD polypeptide were used to clone the genes for cellulose synthase and other proteins (5). A similar set of genes was also identified by analysis of A. xylinum mutants affected in cellulose biosynthesis (6). We believe that the proteins coded by t ...
... sequences obtained from the 83-kD polypeptide and 93-kD polypeptide were used to clone the genes for cellulose synthase and other proteins (5). A similar set of genes was also identified by analysis of A. xylinum mutants affected in cellulose biosynthesis (6). We believe that the proteins coded by t ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.